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Tufnil
Tolfenamic acid
Tufnil
Tolfenamic acid
Indications
Pain
Indication detailsView
Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine headache and also recommended for use as an analgesic in post-operative pain and fever.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Other drugs for migraine
PharmacologyView
Tolfenamic acid (N-(2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl) anthranilic acid) belongs to the fenamate group and is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme, thus it inhibits the synthesis of important inflammatory mediators such as thromboxane (TX) B2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2. Prostaglandins are responsible for causing swelling pain and inflammation associated with these conditions. It acts not only by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, but it also has direct antagonistic action on its receptors.
Pharmacokinetic properties: Absorption Readily absorbed from GI tract. Peak plasma concentration: 60-90 min. Bioavailability 85%. Distribution: Protein-binding: 99% Plasma half-life 2 hours. Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver. Tolfenamic acid undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Excretion: Excreted in urine (90%) and faces.
Pharmacokinetic properties: Absorption Readily absorbed from GI tract. Peak plasma concentration: 60-90 min. Bioavailability 85%. Distribution: Protein-binding: 99% Plasma half-life 2 hours. Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver. Tolfenamic acid undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Excretion: Excreted in urine (90%) and faces.
DosageView
Adult:
Tolfenamic acid should be taken with food. Take water during or immediately after meals.
- Acute migraine attacks: 200 mg when symptoms appear may be repeated once after 1-2 hour.
- Mild to moderate pain: 100-200 mg tid
- Renal impairment: Dose adjustments may be needed.
- Severe renal impairment: Avoid.
Tolfenamic acid should be taken with food. Take water during or immediately after meals.
Side effectsView
Dysuria especially in males, diarrhoea, nausea epigastric pain, vomiting, dyspepsia, erythema, headache, tremor, euphoria, fatigue, pulmonary infiltration & haematuria. Potentially fatal: Blood dyscrasias and hepatitis.
ContraindicationsView
Active peptic ulcer or bleeding in the gut. Severe heart, kidney or liver failure.
PrecautionsView
Precaution should be needed for patients with asthma bronchospasm, bleeding disorders, cardiovascular diseases, peptic ulceration, hypertension, liver infection, cardiac or renal function impairment and elderly. Increase water intake or dose reduction to reduce dysuria.
InteractionsView
The rate of absorption of Tolfenamic acid increases with Metoclopramide and Magnesium hydroxide but decreases with Aluminium hydroxide. Risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and other NSAIDS increases when use with Tolfenamic acid. It decreases antihypertensive response to loop diuretics, B-blockers and ACE Inhibitors. Co-administration increases plasma concentration of Lithium Methotrexate and cardiac glycosides. It also increases the risk of nephrotoxicity with ACE inhibitors, Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus or diuretics
Pregnancy & lactationView
This medicine is not recommended for using during pregnancy unless considered essential by doctor Not to be given during the third trimester of pregnancy. NSAID's can appear in breast milk in very low concentrations NSAID's should, if possible, be avoided when breastfeeding.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain. gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhoea excitation, coma, drowsiness dizziness, tinnitus, fainting and convulsions. In cases of significant poisoning, acute renal failure and liver damage are possible. Patients should be treated symptomatically as required.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, away from light Keep out of the reach of children.
Tulac
Lactulose
Tulac
Lactulose
Indications
Osmotic laxative
Indication detailsView
Constipation (Chronic Constipation): In every case of chronic constipation, initial treatment should consist of a diet rich in fiber (vegetables, salads, fruits etc.) a generous amount of liquids and much physical exercise. Lactulose is only to be taken when these measures prove insufficient.
Intestinal flora disturbances:
Intestinal flora disturbances:
- In damaged to intestinal flora (e.g. following long-term antibiotic treatment)
- gall bladder diseases
- intestinal diseases ( Colitis, Diverticulosis, Megacolon)
Therapeutic classView
Osmotic purgatives
PharmacologyView
Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide. Lactulose is metabolized in the colon by the saccharolytic bacteria, producing low molecular weight organic acids (mainly lactic acid), which lowers the pH of the colon contents, promote the retention of water by an osmotic effect; thus increasing peristaltic activity. Lactulose is minimally absorbed; therefore, the pharmacokinetics of the absorbed material are not relevant to the principal therapeutic action.
DosageView
In constipation ( chronic constipation):
- Adults: Initially 3-6 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1½-6 tea-spoons daily
- Children up to 14 years: Initially 3 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1-2 tea-spoons daily
- Infants and toddlers: Initially 1-2 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1 tea-spoon daily
- Adults: 1-2 tea-spoons daily
- Children: 1 tea-spoon daily
- Hyper-ammoniemia in hepatopathy: a maximum of 18-30 tea-spoons daily.
- In portal systemic encephalopathy: hourly doses of 6-9 tea-spoons of Lactulose solution may be used to induce the rapid laxation. When the laxative effect has been achieved, the dose may then be reduced.
Side effectsView
Occasionally flatulence, cramp and abdominal discomfort can occur at the beginning of treatment; this is rapidly eliminated by reducing the dose. Overdose can result in diarrhoea. In abuse, loss of electrolytes (primarily potassium).
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to either galactose and or lactose; galactose-free diet, gastro-cardial symptom complex, suspected intestinal obstruction.
PrecautionsView
Lactulose should be administered with care to patients who are intolerant to lactulose. The dose used in the treatment of (pre) coma hepaticum is usually much higher and may need to be taken into consideration for diabetics.
InteractionsView
There is no significant drug interactions with lactulose. The glycosidic effect of cardiac glycosides can be intensified by potassium deficiency in abuse.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy Category of Lactulose is B. Studies show that Lactulose has no adverse effects. Decisions regarding use during pregnancy and lactation must be made by registered physician.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reports of accidental overdosage. In the event of acute overdosage it is expected that diarrhoea and abdominal cramps would be the major symptoms.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Tulos
Lactulose
Tulos
Lactulose
Indications
Osmotic laxative
Indication detailsView
Constipation (Chronic Constipation): In every case of chronic constipation, initial treatment should consist of a diet rich in fiber (vegetables, salads, fruits etc.) a generous amount of liquids and much physical exercise. Lactulose is only to be taken when these measures prove insufficient.
Intestinal flora disturbances:
Intestinal flora disturbances:
- In damaged to intestinal flora (e.g. following long-term antibiotic treatment)
- gall bladder diseases
- intestinal diseases ( Colitis, Diverticulosis, Megacolon)
Therapeutic classView
Osmotic purgatives
PharmacologyView
Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide. Lactulose is metabolized in the colon by the saccharolytic bacteria, producing low molecular weight organic acids (mainly lactic acid), which lowers the pH of the colon contents, promote the retention of water by an osmotic effect; thus increasing peristaltic activity. Lactulose is minimally absorbed; therefore, the pharmacokinetics of the absorbed material are not relevant to the principal therapeutic action.
DosageView
In constipation ( chronic constipation):
- Adults: Initially 3-6 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1½-6 tea-spoons daily
- Children up to 14 years: Initially 3 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1-2 tea-spoons daily
- Infants and toddlers: Initially 1-2 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1 tea-spoon daily
- Adults: 1-2 tea-spoons daily
- Children: 1 tea-spoon daily
- Hyper-ammoniemia in hepatopathy: a maximum of 18-30 tea-spoons daily.
- In portal systemic encephalopathy: hourly doses of 6-9 tea-spoons of Lactulose solution may be used to induce the rapid laxation. When the laxative effect has been achieved, the dose may then be reduced.
Side effectsView
Occasionally flatulence, cramp and abdominal discomfort can occur at the beginning of treatment; this is rapidly eliminated by reducing the dose. Overdose can result in diarrhoea. In abuse, loss of electrolytes (primarily potassium).
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to either galactose and or lactose; galactose-free diet, gastro-cardial symptom complex, suspected intestinal obstruction.
PrecautionsView
Lactulose should be administered with care to patients who are intolerant to lactulose. The dose used in the treatment of (pre) coma hepaticum is usually much higher and may need to be taken into consideration for diabetics.
InteractionsView
There is no significant drug interactions with lactulose. The glycosidic effect of cardiac glycosides can be intensified by potassium deficiency in abuse.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy Category of Lactulose is B. Studies show that Lactulose has no adverse effects. Decisions regarding use during pregnancy and lactation must be made by registered physician.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reports of accidental overdosage. In the event of acute overdosage it is expected that diarrhoea and abdominal cramps would be the major symptoms.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Tulsi
Carbocisteine
Tulsi
Carbocisteine
Indications
Mucolytic
Indication detailsView
Carbocisteine is indicated for- Acute bronchitis, Chronic bronchitis, Bronchial asthma, Upper respiratory tract inflammation (pharyngitis, laryngitis), Cystic fibrosis Bronchiectasis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Drainage in chronic sinusitis and pneumonia, Drainage in otitis media in children.
Therapeutic classView
Cough expectorants & mucolytics
PharmacologyView
Carbocisteine reduces goblet cell hyperplasia and therefore plays a role in the management of disorders characterised by abnormal mucous. Carbocisteine loosens thick sputum effectively by reducing its viscosity and thereby helps to expectorate that mucus more easily from the respiratory tract. The mucolytic action happens in several mechanisms. It breaks the disulphide bonds, which cross-link certain glycoprotein molecules in the mucus, the mucus produced under the influence of Carbocisteine has high sialomucin and low fucomucin content. This combined effect ultimately reduces the viscosity of the sputum and increases its volume.
DosageView
Adult: Initially, 2.25 g daily in divided doses, then 1.5 g daily in divided doses as condition improves.
Child: 2-5 year: 62.5-125 mg 4 times daily; 6-12 year 250 mg tid.
Should be taken with food.
Child: 2-5 year: 62.5-125 mg 4 times daily; 6-12 year 250 mg tid.
Should be taken with food.
Side effectsView
Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, palpitation, dizziness, headache, heartburn and skin rash may occur.
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in active peptic ulceration and in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug.
PrecautionsView
No specific precaution is recommended but Carbocisteine should be used with caution in patients with a recent history of peptic ulcer and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.
InteractionsView
Neither hazardous nor therapeutically useful interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There is no information on the use of Carbocisteine during lactation. While there are no reports of teratogenic effects, the manufacturers do not recommend the use of Carbocisteine in the first trimester.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms: GI disturbance.
Management: May perform gastric lavage, followed by observation.
Management: May perform gastric lavage, followed by observation.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place protected from light.
Tupime
Cefepime Hydrochloride
Tupime
Cefepime Hydrochloride
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cefepime is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains of the microorganisms:
- Pneumonia (moderate to severe): caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Enterobacter species.
- Febrile Neutropenia: Cefepime as monotherapy is indicated for empiric treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. In patients at high risk for severe infection (including patients with a history of recent bone marrow transplantation, with hypotension at presentation, with an underlying hematologic malignancy, or with severe or prolonged neutropenia), antimicrobial monotherapy may not be appropriate. Insufficient data exist to support the efficacy of cefepime monotherapy in such patients.
- Uncomplicated and Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (including pyelonephritis): caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, when the infection is severe, or caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis, when the infection is mild to moderate, including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia with these microorganisms.
- Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin- susceptible strains only) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (used in combination with metronidazole): caused by Escherichia coli, viridians group streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, or Bacteroides fragilis.
Therapeutic classView
Fourth generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephalosporins are bactericidal and have the same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins). Cephalosporins disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The final transpeptidation step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan is facilitated by transpeptidases known as penicillin binding proteins (PBPs).
DosageView
Cefepime should be administered intravenously over approximately 30 minutes.
*including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia.
**or until resolution of neutropenia. In patients whose fever resolves but who remain neutropenic for more than 7 days, the need for continued antimicrobial therapy should be re evaluated frequently.
*** IM route of administration is indicated only for mild to moderate, uncomplicated or complicated UTls due to E. coli when the IM route is considered to be a more appropriate route of drug administration.
- Moderate to Severe Pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae, *P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, or Enterobacter species: 1-2 gm IV 12 hourly for 10 days.
- Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients: 2 gm IV 8 hourly for 7** days.
- Mild to Moderate Uncomplicated or Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, including pyelonephritis, due to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, or P. mirabilis*: 0.5-1 gm IV/IM*** 12 hourly for 7-10 days.
- Severe Uncomplicated or Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, including pyelonephritis, due to E. coli or K. pneumoniae*: 2 gm IV 12 hourly for 10 days.
- Moderate to Severe Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes: 2 gm IV 12 hourly for 10 days.
- Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (used in combination with metronidazole) caused by E. coli, viridans group streptococci, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, or B. fragilis: 2 gm IV 12 hourly for 7-10 days.
*including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia.
**or until resolution of neutropenia. In patients whose fever resolves but who remain neutropenic for more than 7 days, the need for continued antimicrobial therapy should be re evaluated frequently.
*** IM route of administration is indicated only for mild to moderate, uncomplicated or complicated UTls due to E. coli when the IM route is considered to be a more appropriate route of drug administration.
Side effectsView
Cefepime is contraindicated in patients who have shown immediate hypersensitivity reactions to cefepime or the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, penicillin, or other betalactum antibiotics.
ContraindicationsView
Cefepime is contraindicated in patients who have shown immediate hypersensitivity reactions to cefepime or the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, penicillin, or other betalactum antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
- Prescribing Cefepime in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
- As with other antimicrobials, prolonged use of Cefepime may result in overgrowth of non susceptible microorganisms. Repeated evaluation of the patient's condition is essential.
- Many cephalosporins, including cefepime, have been associated with a fall in prothrombin activity. Those at risk include patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving a protracted course of antimicrobial therapy. Prothrombin time should be monitored in patients at risk.
- Cefepime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
- Arginine has been shown to alter glucose metabolism and elevate serum potassium transiently when administered at 33 times the amount provided by the maximum recommended human dose of Cefepime. The effect of lower doses is not presently known.
InteractionsView
Renal function should be monitored carefully if high doses of aminoglycosides are to be administered with Cefepime because of the increased potential of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of other cephalosporins with potent diuretics such as furosemide.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies of cefepime use in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefepime is excreted in human breast milk in very low concentrations (0.5 pg/ml). Caution should be exercised when cefepime is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use (2 months up to 16 years): The maximum dose for pediatric patients should not exceed the recommended adult dose. The usual recommended dosage in pediatric patients up to 40 kg in weight for uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis), uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and pneumonia is 50 mg/kg/dose, administered every 12 hours (50 mg/kg/dose, every 8 hours for febrile neutropenic patients), for durations as given above.
Geriatric Use: Serious adverse events have occurred in geriatric patients with renal insufficiency given unadjusted doses of cefepime, including life-threatening or fatal occurrences of the following: encephalopathy, myoclonus, and seizures. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and renal function should be monitored.
Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired hepatic function.
Impaired Renal Function: In patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance<60 ml/min), the dose of Cefepime should be adjusted to compensate for the slower rate of renal elimination.
Geriatric Use: Serious adverse events have occurred in geriatric patients with renal insufficiency given unadjusted doses of cefepime, including life-threatening or fatal occurrences of the following: encephalopathy, myoclonus, and seizures. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and renal function should be monitored.
Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired hepatic function.
Impaired Renal Function: In patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance<60 ml/min), the dose of Cefepime should be adjusted to compensate for the slower rate of renal elimination.
Overdose effectsView
Patients who receive an overdose should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. In the presence of renal insufficiency, hemodialysis, not peritoneal dialysis, is recommended to aid the removal of cefepime from the body. Accidental overdosing has occurred when large doses were given to patients with impaired renal function. Symptoms of overdose include encephalopathy (disturbance of consciousness including confusion, hallucinations, stupor, and coma), myoclonus, seizures, and neuromuscular excitability.
ReconstitutionView
For IV the resulting solution should be injected directly into the vein over a period of three to five minutes or injected into the tubing of an administration set while the patient is receiving a compatible IV fluid.
Intravenous: Cefepime is compatible with Sterile Water for Injection. It is also compatible at concentrations between 1 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml with the following IV infusion fluids: 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% and 10% Dextrose Injection, M/6 Sodium Lactate Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, Lactated Ringers and 5% Dextrose Injection.
Intramuscular: Cefepime is compatible with the following diluent such as: Sterile Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with Parabens or Benzyl Alcohol or 0.5% or 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride.
500 mg (IV) vials for intravenous administration:
Intravenous: Cefepime is compatible with Sterile Water for Injection. It is also compatible at concentrations between 1 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml with the following IV infusion fluids: 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% and 10% Dextrose Injection, M/6 Sodium Lactate Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, Lactated Ringers and 5% Dextrose Injection.
Intramuscular: Cefepime is compatible with the following diluent such as: Sterile Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with Parabens or Benzyl Alcohol or 0.5% or 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride.
500 mg (IV) vials for intravenous administration:
- Amount of WFI to be added: 5 ml
- Approximate available volume: 5.6 ml
- Amount of WFI to be added: 1.3 ml
- Approximate available volume: 1.8 ml
- Amount of WFI to be added: 10 ml
- Approximate available volume: 11.3 ml
- Amount of WFI to be added: 2.4 ml
- Approximate available volume: 3.6 ml
- Amount of WFI to be added: 10 ml
- Approximate available volume: 12.5 ml
StorageView
Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Turbocef
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turboclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Turboclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli.
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains) & Klebsiella spp.
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis & Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains)
- Switch therapy (Injectable to oral)
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible organisms including many beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation process.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
DosageView
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
AdministrationView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporin & in patients with Pseudomembranous Colitis.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.
InteractionsView
Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turboclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Turboclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli.
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains) & Klebsiella spp.
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis & Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains)
- Switch therapy (Injectable to oral)
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible organisms including many beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation process.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
DosageView
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
AdministrationView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporin & in patients with Pseudomembranous Colitis.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.
InteractionsView
Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Turmeric
Curcuma Longa [Turmeric Extract]
Turmeric
Curcuma Longa [Turmeric Extract]
Indication detailsView
Turmeric is used for dyspeptic disorders particularly feelings of fullness after meals and regular abdominal distention due to gas, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation of the oral mucosa, Inflammatory skin conditions and infected wounds, cystitis, itching & skin disease.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Turmeric has antihepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also antioxidative, antitumoral and antimicrobial (in particular, the sesquiterpene derivatives). It also inhibits prostaglandin formation. The anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric are thought to be due to inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis and through this inhibition a change in prostaglandin formation. Alpha tumerone blocks the proliferation of human lymphocytes and decrease the activity of natural killer cells. Curcumin has antineoplastic effects through an antiproliferative mechanism.
DosageView
1-2 capsules daily. Or, as directed by the registered physician.
Side effectsView
Turmeric usually does not cause significant side effects; however, some people can experience stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, or diarrhea.
ContraindicationsView
Turmeric should not be used by people with gallstones or bile duct obstruction. It should also not be used by patients with hyperacidity or gastrointestinal ulcers.
PrecautionsView
Stomach complaints can occur following extended use or in the case of overdose.
InteractionsView
Concurrent use of turmeric with antiplatelet, heparin, thrombolytic agents result in increased risk of bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Not to be used during pregnancy.
StorageView
Keep out of reach of the children. Keep away from direct sunlight. Store below 30°C in a dry place.
Tusca
Pseudoephedrine + Guaiphenasine + Triprolidine
Tusca
Pseudoephedrine + Guaiphenasine + Triprolidine
Indications
Sneezing
Indication detailsView
This is indicated for the symptomatic relief of upper respiratory tract disorders accompanied by productive cough which benefits from the administration of a nasal decongestant, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and an expectorant combination.
Therapeutic classView
Combined cough expectorants
PharmacologyView
Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant as well as a bronchodilator for the upper respiratory tract, which gives symptomatic relief of nasal congestion. Pseudoephedrine is both an α-and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. It causes vasoconstriction via direct stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors of the respiratory mucosa. It also directly stimulates β-adrenergic receptors causing bronchial relaxation, increased heart rate and contractility.
Like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect. This is its main and direct mechanism of action. The displaced noradrenaline is released into the neuronal synapse where it is free to activate the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors.
Guaifenesin reduces the viscosity of tenacious sputum and is used as an expectorant. It increases the hydration of respiratory tract, thereby increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of bronchial secretions.
Triprolidine is an antihistamine; it is used for the symptomatic relief of hypersensitivity reactions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis and urticaria.
Like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect. This is its main and direct mechanism of action. The displaced noradrenaline is released into the neuronal synapse where it is free to activate the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors.
Guaifenesin reduces the viscosity of tenacious sputum and is used as an expectorant. It increases the hydration of respiratory tract, thereby increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of bronchial secretions.
Triprolidine is an antihistamine; it is used for the symptomatic relief of hypersensitivity reactions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis and urticaria.
DosageView
Adult and Children over 12 years: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) three times a day.
Children 6-12 years: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) three times a day.
Children 2-5 years: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoonful) three times a day.
A physician’s advice is preferred before administering this preparation to children aged less than 2 years.
Children 6-12 years: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) three times a day.
Children 2-5 years: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoonful) three times a day.
A physician’s advice is preferred before administering this preparation to children aged less than 2 years.
Side effectsView
CNS depression or excitation, drowsiness (reported most frequently), sleep disturbances, hallucinations (rarely reported), skin rashes with or without irritation, tachycardia, dryness of mouth, nose and throat have occasionally been reported.
ContraindicationsView
This is contraindicated in the cases of known hypersensitivity to any of its constituents, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, lower respiratory symptoms including asthma, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy.
PrecautionsView
As with any other antihistamine therapy, Pseudoephedrine, guaiphenasine & triprolidine may cause drowsiness. If affected, patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery. Concomitant administration of alcohol or other centrally acting sedatives should be avoided. Although Pseudoephedrine has no pressor effects in normotensive patients but Pseudoephedrine, guaiphenasine & triprolidine should be used with caution to patients suffering from mild to moderate hypertension. Moreover, caution should also be exercised in the following disease conditions - hypertension and heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, elevated intra-ocular pressure, prostatic enlargement, severe renal and hepatic impairment. This preparation should not be used for persistent or chronic cough, which occurs with smoking, asthma or emphysema or where excessive secretions accompany cough, unless directed by a physician.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use of Pseudoephedrine, guaiphenasine & triprolidine with sympathomimetic agents such as decongestants, tricyclic antidepressants, appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants or with monoamine oxidase inhibitors which interfere with the catabolism of sympathomimetic amines may occasionally cause a rise in blood pressure. Because of its pseudoephedrine content, Pseudoephedrine, guaiphenasine & triprolidine partially reverse the hypotensive action of drugs which interfere with sympathetic activity including guanethidine, methyldopa, alpha-adrenergic blocking agents.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although pseudoephedrine, triprolidine and guaiphenesin have been in widespread use of many years without apparent ill consequence, there are no specific data on their use during pregnancy. Caution should therefore be exercised by balancing the potential benefits of treatment of the mother against any possible hazards to the developing fetus.
Overdose effectsView
The effects of acute toxicity from Pseudoephedrine, guaiphenasine & triprolidine may include drowsiness, irritability, restlessness, lethargy, dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, respiratory depression, convulsion, tremor, tachycardia and hypertension. Incase of overdose, necessary measures should be taken to maintain and support respiration and control convulsion. Gastric lavage may be undertaken if indicated. Catheterization of bladder may be necessary.
StorageView
Store below 25° C. Protect from light. Do not refrigerate.
Tusca Plus
Guaifenesin + Levomenthol + Diphenhydramine
Tusca Plus
Guaifenesin + Levomenthol + Diphenhydramine
Indications
Productive cough
Indication detailsView
This syrup is indicated for the relief of cough, associated congestive symptoms and aiding restful sleep
Therapeutic classView
Combined cough expectorants
PharmacologyView
Guaifenesin is reported to reduce the viscosity of tenacious sputum end is used as an expectorant. Levomenthol has mild local anesthetic and decongestant properties. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride possesses antitussive, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic properties.
DosageView
For adults and children over 12 years: 2 teaspoonfuls syrup 4 times a day or as directed by the physicians. Do not take more than 8 teaspoonful syrup in 24 hours.
Use in Children & Adolescents: The efficacy and safety of Guaifenesin have not been established in pediatric patients and adolescents.
Use in Children & Adolescents: The efficacy and safety of Guaifenesin have not been established in pediatric patients and adolescents.
Side effectsView
This syrup may cause drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, gastro-intestinal disturbance, dry mouth, nose and throat difficulty in urination or blurred vision.
ContraindicationsView
This syrup is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the product or any of its components. This medicine should not be administered to patients who have received treatment with MAOIs within last two weeks.
PrecautionsView
This syrup may cause drowsiness; if affected, individuals should not drive or operate machinery. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride should not be taken by individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma or symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy. This product should not be used for persistent or chronic cough, such as occurs with asthma, or where cough is accompanied by excessive secretions unless directed by a physician.
InteractionsView
This syrup contains Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride and therefore may potentiate the effects of alcohol, and other CNS depressants. As Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride possess some anticholinergic activity, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g. some psychotrophic drugs and atropine) may be potentiated by this product. This may result in tachycardia, mouth dryness, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. colic), urinary retention and headache.
Pregnancy & lactationView
As with any other medicine, care should be taken In administration during pregnancy. This product has not been associated with adverse effects in the human fetus or suckling infant.
Overdose effectsView
When taken in excess, Guaifenesin may cause renal calculi. Treatment of overdose should be symptomatic and supportive.
StorageView
Store at a temperature not exceeding 30° C in a dry place. Protect from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Tuscof
Guaifenesin + Levomenthol + Diphenhydramine
Tuscof
Guaifenesin + Levomenthol + Diphenhydramine
Indications
Productive cough
Indication detailsView
This syrup is indicated for the relief of cough, associated congestive symptoms and aiding restful sleep
Therapeutic classView
Combined cough expectorants
PharmacologyView
Guaifenesin is reported to reduce the viscosity of tenacious sputum end is used as an expectorant. Levomenthol has mild local anesthetic and decongestant properties. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride possesses antitussive, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic properties.
DosageView
For adults and children over 12 years: 2 teaspoonfuls syrup 4 times a day or as directed by the physicians. Do not take more than 8 teaspoonful syrup in 24 hours.
Use in Children & Adolescents: The efficacy and safety of Guaifenesin have not been established in pediatric patients and adolescents.
Use in Children & Adolescents: The efficacy and safety of Guaifenesin have not been established in pediatric patients and adolescents.
Side effectsView
This syrup may cause drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, gastro-intestinal disturbance, dry mouth, nose and throat difficulty in urination or blurred vision.
ContraindicationsView
This syrup is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the product or any of its components. This medicine should not be administered to patients who have received treatment with MAOIs within last two weeks.
PrecautionsView
This syrup may cause drowsiness; if affected, individuals should not drive or operate machinery. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride should not be taken by individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma or symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy. This product should not be used for persistent or chronic cough, such as occurs with asthma, or where cough is accompanied by excessive secretions unless directed by a physician.
InteractionsView
This syrup contains Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride and therefore may potentiate the effects of alcohol, and other CNS depressants. As Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride possess some anticholinergic activity, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g. some psychotrophic drugs and atropine) may be potentiated by this product. This may result in tachycardia, mouth dryness, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. colic), urinary retention and headache.
Pregnancy & lactationView
As with any other medicine, care should be taken In administration during pregnancy. This product has not been associated with adverse effects in the human fetus or suckling infant.
Overdose effectsView
When taken in excess, Guaifenesin may cause renal calculi. Treatment of overdose should be symptomatic and supportive.
StorageView
Store at a temperature not exceeding 30° C in a dry place. Protect from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Tushinta
Dextromethorphan + Phenylephrine + Triprolidine
Tushinta
Dextromethorphan + Phenylephrine + Triprolidine
Indications
Sneezing
Indication detailsView
Temporarily relieves these symptoms due to common cold, hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or other upper respiratory allergies:
- cough due to minor throat or bronchial irritation
- runny nose
- sneezing
- itching of the nose or throat
- itchy, watery eyes
- nasal congestion
- reduces swelling of nasal passages
Therapeutic classView
Combined cough suppressants
PharmacologyView
This preparation is a mixture of antitussive, decongestant and antihistamine agent. Dextromethorphan is a safe, effective, non-narcotic antitussive agent which has a central action on the cough centre in the medulla. Although structurally related to Morphine, it has no analgesic and habit forming properties and in general it has little sedative activity. Phenylephrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passage. It is used to treat nasal and sinus congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from inner ear. Triprolidine provides symptomatic relief in conditions believed to depend wholly or partly upon the triggered release of histamine. It is a potent competitive histamine H1-receptor antagonist of the pyrrolidine class with mild central nervous system depressant properties which may cause drowsiness.
DosageView
Adults & Children 12 years of age and older: 1 teaspoonful (5 ml) every 4 hours, or as directed by a doctor.
Children 6 to under 12 years of age: ½ teaspoonful (2.5 ml) every 4 hours, or as directed by a doctor.
Children below 2 years old: Not to be used in children below 2 years old. To be used with caution, and as advised by the physician for children age 2 to 6 years.
Children 6 to under 12 years of age: ½ teaspoonful (2.5 ml) every 4 hours, or as directed by a doctor.
Children below 2 years old: Not to be used in children below 2 years old. To be used with caution, and as advised by the physician for children age 2 to 6 years.
AdministrationView
Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with this medicine.
Side effectsView
It may cause drowsiness, dottiness and constipation. Other side effects that may occur include GIT discomfort. No apparent evidence of physical dependence of the morphine type. Other less common side effects may include transient hypertension, dry mouth, restlessness, palpitations, allergic reactions such as rashes, tightness of chest, thickening of bronchial secretions, toxic psychosis and blood dyscrasia.
ContraindicationsView
It should be avoided in patients with liver disease or asthmatic patients and is contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors or within 2 weeks from stopping such treatment, known hypersensitivity to phenylephrine hydrochloride, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and during acute attacks of asthma. It is contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension or severe coronary artery disease.
PrecautionsView
This preparation may cause drowsiness. If affected, do not drive motor vehicle or operate machinery. Avoid alcoholic drink while on this medication. Use with caution in patients with epilepsy, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, hepatic disease, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, patients with stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloro-duodenal obstruction or bladder neck obstruction, unless under the medical advice and supervision. If symptoms do not improve within one week or accompanied with high fever, consult a physician before continuing use.
InteractionsView
Taking certain MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Avoid taking isocarboxazid, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, or tranylcypromine during treatment with this medication. Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before treatment with this medication. Caution should be excercised while taking this drug with antihistamines applied to the skin (such as diphenhydramine cream, ointment, spray), antispasmodics (e.g. atropine, belladonna alkaloids), beta blockers (e.g. metoprolol, atenolol), drugs for Parkinson’s disease (e.g. anticholinergics such as benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), guanethidine, certain inhaled anesthetics (e.g. halothane), methyldopa, reserpine, scopolamine, tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline, desipramine), anti seizure drugs (e.g. carbamazepine), medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g. alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, narcotic pain relievers (e.g. codeine), psychiatric medicines (e.g. chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone).
Pregnancy & lactationView
As with any other drugs, use in pregnancy and lactation is best avoided.
Overdose effectsView
In cases of over dosage, hospital admission is strongly advised. Over dosage may produce respiratory depression, paranoid psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and convulsion. Treatment should include emptying the stomach by aspiration or gastric lavage. Nervous stimulation and convulsions should be treated with a sedative such as diazepam intramuscularly. If marked excitation is present, a sedative such as diazepam or a short-acting barbiturate may be given.
Severe over dosage of phenylephrine hydrochloride may produce hypertension and associated reflex bradycardia. Treatment measures include early gastric lavage and symptomatic and supportive measures. The hypertensive effects may be treated with an alpha-receptor blocking agent (such as phentolamine mesilate 6-10 mg) given intravenously, and the bradycardia treated with atropine, preferable only after the pressure has been controlled.
Severe over dosage of phenylephrine hydrochloride may produce hypertension and associated reflex bradycardia. Treatment measures include early gastric lavage and symptomatic and supportive measures. The hypertensive effects may be treated with an alpha-receptor blocking agent (such as phentolamine mesilate 6-10 mg) given intravenously, and the bradycardia treated with atropine, preferable only after the pressure has been controlled.
StorageView
Keep out of the reach of children. Keep in a cool & dry place. Protect from light.
Tuspel
Guaifenesin + Dextromethorphan + Menthol
Tuspel
Guaifenesin + Dextromethorphan + Menthol
Indications
Sore throat
Indication detailsView
Fast & effective relief of Chest congestion, Cough, Sore throat
Therapeutic classView
Combined cough expectorants, Combined cough suppressants
PharmacologyView
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It helps loosen congestion in the chest and throat, making it easier to cough out through the mouth.
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide is a cough suppressant. It affects the signals in the brain that trigger cough reflex.
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils. It has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide is a cough suppressant. It affects the signals in the brain that trigger cough reflex.
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils. It has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.
DosageView
Adult Use Only (12 years and over): 2 teaspoonful syrup (10 ml) every 6 hours. Maximum 8 teaspoonful syrup (40 ml)/day.
Side effectsView
Common side effects may include:
- Dizziness, drowsiness;
- Gastrointestinal disturbance
- Feeling nervous, restless, anxious, or irritable
ContraindicationsView
If you are now taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric or emotional conditions, or Parkinson’s disease), or for two weeks after stopping the MAOI drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains an MAOI, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
PrecautionsView
Talk to a doctor before using this product if you have asthma, chronic lung disease or shortness of breath, persistent/chronic cough, or taking a drug for depression, including monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs.
InteractionsView
Possible reactions systemically may occur with acetaminophen / hydrocodone, diphenhydramine, escitalopram, acetaminophen / codeine, alprazolam and ondansetron.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide-guaifenesin have been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. There are no controlled data on this combination product in human pregnancy.
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide-guaifenesin is only recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
There are no data on the excretion of dextromethorphan-guaifenesin into human milk. In nursing infants, a decision should be made to discontinue. There are no human studies on the use of menthol during pregnancy; thus, its risk is undetermined.
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide-guaifenesin is only recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
There are no data on the excretion of dextromethorphan-guaifenesin into human milk. In nursing infants, a decision should be made to discontinue. There are no human studies on the use of menthol during pregnancy; thus, its risk is undetermined.
Overdose effectsView
Overdosage with guaifenesin is unlikely to produce toxic effects since its toxicity is low. In severe cases of overdosage, treatment should be aimed at reducing further absorption of the drug. Gastric emptying (emesis and/or gastric lavage) is recommended as soon as possible after ingestion. Overdosage with Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide may produce excitement and mental confusion. Very high doses may produce respiratory depression. One case of toxic psychosis (hyper-activity, marked visual and auditory hallucinations) after ingestion of a single 300 mg dose of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide has been reported. Menthol can be harmful in large amounts. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, rapid breathing etc.
StorageView
Keep out of the reach of children. Keep in a cool & dry place. Protect from light.
Tussibic
Butamirate Citrate
Tussibic
Butamirate Citrate
Indications
Whooping cough
Indication detailsView
Butamirate Citrate is used to relieve dry (non-productive) cough. Dry cough may be caused by a recent viral infection. Butamirate Citrate is also used for pre & post-operative cough sedation in patients who will undergo surgical procedures and bronchoscopy. It can be used in the acute cough of any etiology, whooping cough and cough due to acute lower respiratory tract infections (tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis) etc.
Therapeutic classView
Cough suppressant
PharmacologyView
Butamirate Citrate acts directly on the brain's cough center to suppress cough. Butamirate Citrate is safe and non-sedating which is neither chemically nor pharmacologically related to opium alkaloids. Butamirate Citrate is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Maximum concentration is reached within 9 hours with the sustained-release tablet. This is extremely protein-bound and plasma elimination half-life is about 13 hours. The active metabolites of Butamirate Citrate have also antitussive action.
DosageView
Use in adult:
Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet:
- Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet: 2-3 tablets daily.
- Butamirate Citrate syrup: 15 ml 4 times daily.
Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet:
- Adolescent over 12 years old: 1-2 tablets daily.
- Children (3-6 yrs): 5 ml 3 times daily.
- Children (6-12 yrs): 10 ml 3 times daily.
- Adolescent: 15 ml 3 times daily.
- Children ( 2 months- 1 yrs): 0.50 ml 4 times daily.
- Children (1-3 yrs): 0.75 ml 4 times daily.
Side effectsView
Tolerance of Butamirate Citrate is good.Adverse reactions such as rash,nausea,diarrhoea and vertigo have been observed in a few rare cases,resolving after dose reduction or treatment withdrawal.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient.
PrecautionsView
Butamirate Citrate suppresses the cough reflex and therefore the concomitant use with expectorants should be avoided, since it may lead to mucus retention in the airways, which increases the risk of bronchospasm and respiratory infections. If the cough persists for more than 7 days (more than 3 days in children younger than12 years of age) doctor must be consulted.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with expectorants should be avoided.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Butamirate Citrate should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy. During the remainder of pregnancy, it can be used if indicated by a physician but with caution. As a general rule, for safety reasons, in the absence of data on elimination of the active substance in breast milk, the benefits of Butamirate Citrate administration during breast feeding should be carefully weighed against the risks.
Overdose effectsView
Accidental overdose with Butamirate Citrate can cause the following symptoms: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of balance and hypotension. Standard emergency procedures should be followed: activated charcoal, saline laxatives and standard cardio-respiratory resuscitation.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep all the medicines out of the reach of children.
Tussibic
Butamirate Citrate
Tussibic
Butamirate Citrate
Indications
Whooping cough
Indication detailsView
Butamirate Citrate is used to relieve dry (non-productive) cough. Dry cough may be caused by a recent viral infection. Butamirate Citrate is also used for pre & post-operative cough sedation in patients who will undergo surgical procedures and bronchoscopy. It can be used in the acute cough of any etiology, whooping cough and cough due to acute lower respiratory tract infections (tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis) etc.
Therapeutic classView
Cough suppressant
PharmacologyView
Butamirate Citrate acts directly on the brain's cough center to suppress cough. Butamirate Citrate is safe and non-sedating which is neither chemically nor pharmacologically related to opium alkaloids. Butamirate Citrate is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Maximum concentration is reached within 9 hours with the sustained-release tablet. This is extremely protein-bound and plasma elimination half-life is about 13 hours. The active metabolites of Butamirate Citrate have also antitussive action.
DosageView
Use in adult:
Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet:
- Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet: 2-3 tablets daily.
- Butamirate Citrate syrup: 15 ml 4 times daily.
Butamirate Citrate 50 mg tablet:
- Adolescent over 12 years old: 1-2 tablets daily.
- Children (3-6 yrs): 5 ml 3 times daily.
- Children (6-12 yrs): 10 ml 3 times daily.
- Adolescent: 15 ml 3 times daily.
- Children ( 2 months- 1 yrs): 0.50 ml 4 times daily.
- Children (1-3 yrs): 0.75 ml 4 times daily.
Side effectsView
Tolerance of Butamirate Citrate is good.Adverse reactions such as rash,nausea,diarrhoea and vertigo have been observed in a few rare cases,resolving after dose reduction or treatment withdrawal.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient.
PrecautionsView
Butamirate Citrate suppresses the cough reflex and therefore the concomitant use with expectorants should be avoided, since it may lead to mucus retention in the airways, which increases the risk of bronchospasm and respiratory infections. If the cough persists for more than 7 days (more than 3 days in children younger than12 years of age) doctor must be consulted.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with expectorants should be avoided.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Butamirate Citrate should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy. During the remainder of pregnancy, it can be used if indicated by a physician but with caution. As a general rule, for safety reasons, in the absence of data on elimination of the active substance in breast milk, the benefits of Butamirate Citrate administration during breast feeding should be carefully weighed against the risks.
Overdose effectsView
Accidental overdose with Butamirate Citrate can cause the following symptoms: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of balance and hypotension. Standard emergency procedures should be followed: activated charcoal, saline laxatives and standard cardio-respiratory resuscitation.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep all the medicines out of the reach of children.