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    Trixim

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Capsule 400 mg Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trixim

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Capsule 200 mg Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trixotim

    Paracetamol + Tramadol Hydrochloride
    Tablet 325 mg+37.5 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Renal colic

    Indication detailsView
    This tablet is indicated for-
    • The management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults.
    • The short-term (five days or less) management of acute pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.

    Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic. Although its mode of action is not completely understood, from animal tests, at least two complementary mechanisms appear applicable: binding of parent and M1 metabolite to μ-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Opioid activity is due to both low affinity binding of the parent compound and higher affinity binding of the O-demethylated metabolite M1 to μ-opioid receptors. Tramadol has been shown to inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in vitro, as have some other opioid analgesics.These mechanisms may contribute independently to the overall analgesic profile of tramadol.
    DosageView
    For the management of moderate to moderately severe pain: The recommended dose is 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day.

    In case of short-term (five days or less) management of acute pain: The recommended dose is 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day.

    This tablet can be administered without regard to food.
    Side effectsView
    The following adverse reactions may happen to this therapy: asthenia, fatigue, hot flushes, dizziness, headache, tremor, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anxiety, confusion, euphoria, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence pruritus, rash, increased sweating etc.
    ContraindicationsView
    Tramadol & Paracetamol combination tablets should not be administered to patients who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to tramadol, paracetamol, any other component of this product, or opioids. This is contraindicated in any situation where opioids are contraindicated.
    PrecautionsView
    • This combination preparation may impair mental or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery.
    • This combination preparation should not be taken with alcohol containing beverages.
    • The patient should be instructed not to take this combination preparation in combination with other tramadol or paracetamol-containing products, including over-the-counter preparations.
    • This combination preparation should be used with caution when taking medications such as tranquilizers, hypnotics or other opiate containing analgesics.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This combination
    preparation should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. This combination preparation is not recommended for obstetrical preoperative medication or for post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers because its safety in infants and newborns has not been studied.
    Pediatric usageView
    pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of this combination preparation have not been studied in the pediatric population.

    Geriatric use:  In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; of concomitant disease and multiple drug therapy.

    Use in Renal Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired renal
    function. In patients with creatinine clearances of less than 30 ml/min, it is recommended that the dosing interval of this combination preparation be increased but not to exceed 2 tablets every 12 hours.

    Use in Hepatic Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired hepatic function. The use of this combination preparation in patients with hepatic impairment is not recommended.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place. Do not freeze. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.

    Trixotim

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IV Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizedon MR

    Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride
    Tablet (Modified Release) 35 mg Allopathic Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs

    Indications

    Meniere’s disease

    Indication detailsView
    Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride is indicated in adults as add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled by or intolerant to first-line antianginal therapies.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride is the first 3- keto acyl CoA thiolase inhibitor (KAT), a metabolic anti-ischemic agent with proven benefits for all coronary patients. Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride inhibits fatty acid pathway by inhibiting 3-keto acyl CoA thiolase enzyme and transfers oxygen to glucose pathway. Since glucose pathway is more efficient in producing energy, the same oxygen produces more energy and makes the heart more active. Moreover, the aerobic oxidation of glucose stops production of lactic acid, which prevents angina pectoris.
    DosageView
    The recommended dose of Trimetazidine is 35 mg twice daily or 20 mg tablet thrice daily during meals. The benefit of the treatment should be assessed after three months and Trimetazidine should be discontinued if there is no treatment response.
    Side effectsView
    Trimetazidine is safe and well tolerated. The Common side effects associated with Trimetazidine are dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, rash, pruritus, urticaria and asthenia
    ContraindicationsView
    Trimetazidine is contraindicated in patients who have hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. It is also is contraindicated in patients with Parkinson’s disease, parkinsonian symptoms, tremors, restless legs movement disorders, severe renal impairment.
    PrecautionsView
    Trimetazidine is not a curative treatment for angina attacks, nor an initial treatment for unstable angina pectoris. It is also not a treatment for myocardial infarction.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interaction so far has been reported. In particular, no interaction has been reported with beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, nitrates, heparin, hypolipidemic agents or digitalis preparation.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There is no data on the use of Trimetazidine in pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity. As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of Trimetazidine during pregnancy. It is unknown whether Trimetazidine is excreted in human milk. A risk to the newborns/infants cannot be excluded. Trimetazidine should not be used during breast-feeding.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizidim

    Ceftazidime Pentahydrate
    IM/IV Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftazidime Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:

    Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Serratia spp.; Citrobacter spp.; Streptococcus pneumoniae; and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp.; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains); and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).

    Urinary Tract Infections, both complicated and uncomplicated, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli.

    Bacterial Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Bone and Joint Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Gynecologic Infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and other infections of the female genital tract caused by Escherichia coli.

    Intraabdominal Infections, including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains) and polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms and Bacteroides spp.

    Central Nervous System Infections, including meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis. A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.
    DosageView
    The usual adult dosage is 1 gram administered intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 to 12 hours. The dosage and route should be determined by the susceptibility of the causative organisms, the severity of infection and the condition, and renal function of the patient.

    Ceftazidime is to be used by the parenteral route, the dosage depending upon the severity, sensitivity & type of infections and the age, weight & renal function of the patient.

    Adults: The adult dosage range for ceftazidime is 1 to 6 gm per day 8 or 12 hourly (IM/IV) in the majority of infections, 1 gm 8 hourly or 2 gm 12 hourly should be given.
    • In urinary tract infections and many less serious infections: 500 mg or 1 gm 12 hourly is usually adequate.
    • In severe infections, especially immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia: 2 gm 8 or 12 hourly should be administered. When used as a prophylactic agent in prostatic surgery 1 gm should be given at the induction of anesthesia. A second dose should be considered at the time of catheter removal.
    Elderly: In view of the reduced clearance of Ceftazidime in acutely ill elderly patients, the daily dosage should not normally exceed 3 gm, especially in those over 80 years of age.
    • Cystic fibrosis: In fibrocystic adults with normal renal function who have pseudomonal lung infections, high doses of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day as three divided doses should be used.
    Infants and Children: The usual dosage range for children aged over two months is 30 to 100 mg/kg/day, given as two or three divided doses. Doses up to 150 mg/kg/day (maximum 6 gm daily) in three divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis.

    Neonates and Children up to 2 months of age: The usual dosage range is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day as two divided doses.
    AdministrationView
    Ceftazidime may be given intravenously or by deep IM injection into a large muscle mass such as the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus or lateral proof of the thigh. Intra-arterial administration should be avoided. For IV/IM administration, Ceftazidime should be reconstituted with the supplied Sterile Water for Injection.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are local reactions following IV injection and allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are pruritus, rash, and fever. Angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported very rarely. Gastrointestinal symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Central nervous system reactions included headache, dizziness, and paresthesia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftazidime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to Ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    The total daily dosage should be reduced when Ceftazidime is administered to patients with renal insufficiency. Ceftazidime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have been conducted with Ceftazidime. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    Lactation: Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the safety of the component of the injections in nursing infants has not been established, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Impaired Renal Function: Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min), it is recommended that the dosage of ceftazidime be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, an initial loading dose of 1 gram of Ceftazidime may be given. An estimate of GFR should be made to determine the appropriate maintenance dosage.

    Dosage in peritoneal dialysis: Ceftazidime may also be used in peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). As well as using Ceftazidime intravenously, it can be incorporated into the dialysis fluid (usually 125 to 250 mg for 2L of dialysis fluid).

    Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma. Patients who receive an acute overdosage should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment.
    ReconstitutionView
    Single-dose vial Administration Amount of WFI to be added: 250 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 250 mg IV in 5 ml, 500 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 500 mg IV in 5 ml and 1 g IM in 3 ml, 1 g IV in 10 ml.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions are stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2°-8°C.

    Trizidim

    Ceftazidime Pentahydrate
    IM/IV Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftazidime Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:

    Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Serratia spp.; Citrobacter spp.; Streptococcus pneumoniae; and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp.; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains); and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).

    Urinary Tract Infections, both complicated and uncomplicated, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli.

    Bacterial Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Bone and Joint Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Gynecologic Infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and other infections of the female genital tract caused by Escherichia coli.

    Intraabdominal Infections, including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains) and polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms and Bacteroides spp.

    Central Nervous System Infections, including meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis. A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.
    DosageView
    The usual adult dosage is 1 gram administered intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 to 12 hours. The dosage and route should be determined by the susceptibility of the causative organisms, the severity of infection and the condition, and renal function of the patient.

    Ceftazidime is to be used by the parenteral route, the dosage depending upon the severity, sensitivity & type of infections and the age, weight & renal function of the patient.

    Adults: The adult dosage range for ceftazidime is 1 to 6 gm per day 8 or 12 hourly (IM/IV) in the majority of infections, 1 gm 8 hourly or 2 gm 12 hourly should be given.
    • In urinary tract infections and many less serious infections: 500 mg or 1 gm 12 hourly is usually adequate.
    • In severe infections, especially immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia: 2 gm 8 or 12 hourly should be administered. When used as a prophylactic agent in prostatic surgery 1 gm should be given at the induction of anesthesia. A second dose should be considered at the time of catheter removal.
    Elderly: In view of the reduced clearance of Ceftazidime in acutely ill elderly patients, the daily dosage should not normally exceed 3 gm, especially in those over 80 years of age.
    • Cystic fibrosis: In fibrocystic adults with normal renal function who have pseudomonal lung infections, high doses of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day as three divided doses should be used.
    Infants and Children: The usual dosage range for children aged over two months is 30 to 100 mg/kg/day, given as two or three divided doses. Doses up to 150 mg/kg/day (maximum 6 gm daily) in three divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis.

    Neonates and Children up to 2 months of age: The usual dosage range is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day as two divided doses.
    AdministrationView
    Ceftazidime may be given intravenously or by deep IM injection into a large muscle mass such as the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus or lateral proof of the thigh. Intra-arterial administration should be avoided. For IV/IM administration, Ceftazidime should be reconstituted with the supplied Sterile Water for Injection.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are local reactions following IV injection and allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are pruritus, rash, and fever. Angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported very rarely. Gastrointestinal symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Central nervous system reactions included headache, dizziness, and paresthesia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftazidime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to Ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    The total daily dosage should be reduced when Ceftazidime is administered to patients with renal insufficiency. Ceftazidime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have been conducted with Ceftazidime. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    Lactation: Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the safety of the component of the injections in nursing infants has not been established, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Impaired Renal Function: Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min), it is recommended that the dosage of ceftazidime be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, an initial loading dose of 1 gram of Ceftazidime may be given. An estimate of GFR should be made to determine the appropriate maintenance dosage.

    Dosage in peritoneal dialysis: Ceftazidime may also be used in peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). As well as using Ceftazidime intravenously, it can be incorporated into the dialysis fluid (usually 125 to 250 mg for 2L of dialysis fluid).

    Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma. Patients who receive an acute overdosage should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment.
    ReconstitutionView
    Single-dose vial Administration Amount of WFI to be added: 250 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 250 mg IV in 5 ml, 500 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 500 mg IV in 5 ml and 1 g IM in 3 ml, 1 g IV in 10 ml.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions are stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2°-8°C.

    Trizidim

    Ceftazidime Pentahydrate
    IM/IV Injection 250 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftazidime Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:

    Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Serratia spp.; Citrobacter spp.; Streptococcus pneumoniae; and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp.; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains); and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).

    Urinary Tract Infections, both complicated and uncomplicated, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli.

    Bacterial Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Bone and Joint Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).

    Gynecologic Infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and other infections of the female genital tract caused by Escherichia coli.

    Intraabdominal Infections, including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains) and polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms and Bacteroides spp.

    Central Nervous System Infections, including meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis. A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.
    DosageView
    The usual adult dosage is 1 gram administered intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 to 12 hours. The dosage and route should be determined by the susceptibility of the causative organisms, the severity of infection and the condition, and renal function of the patient.

    Ceftazidime is to be used by the parenteral route, the dosage depending upon the severity, sensitivity & type of infections and the age, weight & renal function of the patient.

    Adults: The adult dosage range for ceftazidime is 1 to 6 gm per day 8 or 12 hourly (IM/IV) in the majority of infections, 1 gm 8 hourly or 2 gm 12 hourly should be given.
    • In urinary tract infections and many less serious infections: 500 mg or 1 gm 12 hourly is usually adequate.
    • In severe infections, especially immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia: 2 gm 8 or 12 hourly should be administered. When used as a prophylactic agent in prostatic surgery 1 gm should be given at the induction of anesthesia. A second dose should be considered at the time of catheter removal.
    Elderly: In view of the reduced clearance of Ceftazidime in acutely ill elderly patients, the daily dosage should not normally exceed 3 gm, especially in those over 80 years of age.
    • Cystic fibrosis: In fibrocystic adults with normal renal function who have pseudomonal lung infections, high doses of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day as three divided doses should be used.
    Infants and Children: The usual dosage range for children aged over two months is 30 to 100 mg/kg/day, given as two or three divided doses. Doses up to 150 mg/kg/day (maximum 6 gm daily) in three divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis.

    Neonates and Children up to 2 months of age: The usual dosage range is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day as two divided doses.
    AdministrationView
    Ceftazidime may be given intravenously or by deep IM injection into a large muscle mass such as the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus or lateral proof of the thigh. Intra-arterial administration should be avoided. For IV/IM administration, Ceftazidime should be reconstituted with the supplied Sterile Water for Injection.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are local reactions following IV injection and allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are pruritus, rash, and fever. Angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported very rarely. Gastrointestinal symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Central nervous system reactions included headache, dizziness, and paresthesia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftazidime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to Ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    The total daily dosage should be reduced when Ceftazidime is administered to patients with renal insufficiency. Ceftazidime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have been conducted with Ceftazidime. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    Lactation: Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the safety of the component of the injections in nursing infants has not been established, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Impaired Renal Function: Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min), it is recommended that the dosage of ceftazidime be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, an initial loading dose of 1 gram of Ceftazidime may be given. An estimate of GFR should be made to determine the appropriate maintenance dosage.

    Dosage in peritoneal dialysis: Ceftazidime may also be used in peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). As well as using Ceftazidime intravenously, it can be incorporated into the dialysis fluid (usually 125 to 250 mg for 2L of dialysis fluid).

    Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma. Patients who receive an acute overdosage should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment.
    ReconstitutionView
    Single-dose vial Administration Amount of WFI to be added: 250 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 250 mg IV in 5 ml, 500 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 500 mg IV in 5 ml and 1 g IM in 3 ml, 1 g IV in 10 ml.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions are stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2°-8°C.

    Trizin

    Cetirizine Hydrochloride (Ophthalmic)
    Ophthalmic Solution 0.24% Allopathic Ophthalmic Anti-allergic preparations

    Indications

    Itching

    Indication detailsView
    Cetirizine 0.24% ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Ophthalmic Anti-allergic preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Cetirizine, an antihistamine, is a histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonist. Its effects are mediated via selective inhibition of H1 histamine receptors. The antihistaminic activity of cetirizine has been documented in a variety of animal and human models. In vivo and ex vivo animal models have shown negligible anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activity. In vitro receptor binding studies have shown no measurable affinity for other than H1 receptors.

    In healthy subjects, bilateral topical ocular dosing of one drop of cetirizine ophthalmic solution 0.24% resulted in a mean cetirizine plasma Cmax of 1.7 ng/mL following a single dose and 3.1 ng/mL after twice-daily dosing for one week. The observed mean terminal half-life of cetirizine was 8.6 hours following a single dose and 8.2 hours after twice-daily dosing of Cetirizine for one week.
    DosageView
    Adults and children (age 2 years and above): The recommended dosage is to instill one drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily (approximately 8 hours apart).
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse reactions are ocular hyperemia, instillation site pain and visual acuity reduction.
    PrecautionsView
    Care should be taken not to touch the eyelids or surrounding areas with the dropper tip of the bottle to prevent contaminating the tip and solution. Keep the bottle closed when not in use. Patients should be advised not to wear a contact lens if their eye is red. Remove contact lenses prior to instillation of the drug. Lenses may be reinserted after 10 minutes following the drug administration.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: There is no adequate or well-controlled study with Cetirizine 0.24% ophthalmic solution in pregnant women. It should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

    Lactation: It is not known whether the systemic absorption resulting from topical ocular administration of Cetirizine could produce detectable quantities in human breast milk. There is no adequate information regarding the effects of Cetirizine on breastfed infants, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for this drug and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Cetirizine.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients two years of age and older.

    Geriatric use: No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30⁰C. Do not freeze. Protect from light. Do not use more than 4 weeks after opening. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizin

    Cetirizine Hydrochloride
    Syrup 5 mg/5 ml Allopathic Sedating Anti-histamine

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis. It is also indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergen induced asthma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Sedating Anti-histamine
    PharmacologyView
    Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a potent H1 receptor antagonist without any significant anticholinergic and antiserotonic effects. At pharmacologically active dose levels, it has almost no drowsiness effect and does not cause behavioral changes. It inhibits the histamine-mediated early phase of the allergic reaction and also reduces the migration of inflammatory cells and the release of mediators associated with the late phase of the allergic reaction.

    Pharmacokinetics: Cetirizine 10 mg achieves peak plasma concentrations of 257 mcg/L within one hour of administration (980 mcg/L in children). Food does not affect the extent of absorption, but it may slightly reduce the rate. Peak blood levels 0.3 micrograms/ml are reached between thirty & sixty minutes after administration of 10 mg dose of Cetirizine. Its plasma half-life is approximately 11 hours. Absorption is very consistent from one subject to the next. Its renal clearance is 30 ml/minute and the excretion half-life is approximately nine hours.
    DosageView
    Adults and Children 6 years and older: 1 tablet or 2 teaspoonfuls daily (or 1 teaspoonful twice daily).

    Children 2-6 years: 1 teaspoonful once daily or 1/2 teaspoonful twice daily.

    Children 6 months to 2 years : 1/2 teaspoonful once daily. The dose in children 12-23 months of age can be increased to a maximum dose as 1/2 teaspoonful every 12 hours.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effects that occurred more frequently on Cetirizine is somnolence.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cetirizine or hydroxyzine.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised when driving a car or operating a heavy machinery.
    InteractionsView
    No clinically significant drug interactions have been found with Theophylline, Azithromycin, Pseudoephedrine, Ketoconazole or Erythromycin and with other drugs.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Cetirizine Hydrochloride is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cetirizine Hydrochloride has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cetirizine Hydrochloride is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizin

    Cetirizine Hydrochloride
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Sedating Anti-histamine

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis. It is also indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergen induced asthma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Sedating Anti-histamine
    PharmacologyView
    Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a potent H1 receptor antagonist without any significant anticholinergic and antiserotonic effects. At pharmacologically active dose levels, it has almost no drowsiness effect and does not cause behavioral changes. It inhibits the histamine-mediated early phase of the allergic reaction and also reduces the migration of inflammatory cells and the release of mediators associated with the late phase of the allergic reaction.

    Pharmacokinetics: Cetirizine 10 mg achieves peak plasma concentrations of 257 mcg/L within one hour of administration (980 mcg/L in children). Food does not affect the extent of absorption, but it may slightly reduce the rate. Peak blood levels 0.3 micrograms/ml are reached between thirty & sixty minutes after administration of 10 mg dose of Cetirizine. Its plasma half-life is approximately 11 hours. Absorption is very consistent from one subject to the next. Its renal clearance is 30 ml/minute and the excretion half-life is approximately nine hours.
    DosageView
    Adults and Children 6 years and older: 1 tablet or 2 teaspoonfuls daily (or 1 teaspoonful twice daily).

    Children 2-6 years: 1 teaspoonful once daily or 1/2 teaspoonful twice daily.

    Children 6 months to 2 years : 1/2 teaspoonful once daily. The dose in children 12-23 months of age can be increased to a maximum dose as 1/2 teaspoonful every 12 hours.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effects that occurred more frequently on Cetirizine is somnolence.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cetirizine or hydroxyzine.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised when driving a car or operating a heavy machinery.
    InteractionsView
    No clinically significant drug interactions have been found with Theophylline, Azithromycin, Pseudoephedrine, Ketoconazole or Erythromycin and with other drugs.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Cetirizine Hydrochloride is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cetirizine Hydrochloride has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cetirizine Hydrochloride is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IV Injection 2 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IV Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IV Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IM Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IM Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trizon

    Ceftriaxone Sodium
    IM Injection 250 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Bacterial Septicemia
    • Bone and joint infections
    • Meningitis
    • Prevention of postoperative infections
    • Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
    DosageView
    Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
    Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
    • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
    • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
    • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
    Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.
    AdministrationView
    Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
    • For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
    • For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
    The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).
    Side effectsView
    Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
    Overdose effectsView
    There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Trocane

    Tropicamide + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride
    Ophthalmic Solution 0.8%+5% Allopathic Preparations for Ophthalmic diagnosis

    Indications

    Uveal tract inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Therapeutic purpose:
    • Inflammatory conditions of the uveal tract.
    • May be used in temporary lowering of intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
    Diagnostic purpose:
    • Retinal photography.
    • Refractive errors.
    • Fundus examination/photography.
    • Slit lamp examination.
    Pre-operative use: In order to undergo surgical procedure that requires the visualization of structures behind the iris, such as cataract extraction, vitrectomy and retinal detachment surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Preparations for Ophthalmic diagnosis
    PharmacologyView
    Tropicamide binds to and blocks the receptors in the muscles of the eye (muscarinic receptor M4). Tropicamide acts by blocking the responses of the iris sphincter muscle to the iris and ciliary muscles to cholinergic stimulation, producing dilation of the pupil and paralysis of the ciliary muscle.

    Phenylephrine Hydrochloride is a selective alpha-1 agonist, which causes mydriasis without cycloplegia. It tends to reduce intraocular lesion by vasoconstrictor action.
    DosageView
    Uveitis: 1-2 drops bid-qid or as required.

    Diagnostic purpose/Pre-operative purpose: Instill 1-2 drops in the eye(s) 15-20 minutes before examination. If examination is not conducted within 20–30 minutes, an additional drop may be placed in the eye(s) to prolong the effect.
    Side effectsView
    Elevated IOP (occasionally), stinging, blurred vision, tachycardia, photophobia, headache, parasympathetic stimulation and allergic reactions. Systemic effects include arrhythmias, hypertension and coronary artery spasm.
    ContraindicationsView
    This medication is contraindicated in these following cases
    • Patients with hypersensitivity to any of the components and narrow angles or narrow angle glaucoma.
    • Low birth weight infants and some elderly adults with severe arteriosclerotic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.
    • During intraocular operative procedures when the corneal epithelial barrier has been disturbed.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be taken when administered with, or upto 21days after administration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors as exaggerated adrenergic effects may result.

    The possibility of psychotic reactions and behavioral disturbances should be considered in patients who are hypersensitive to anticholinergic drugs.

    Use with extreme caution in infants.
    InteractionsView
    Tropicamide may interfere with the antihypertensive action of carbachol, pilocarpine or ophthalmic cholinesterase inhibitors.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The safety of this medication during pregnancy or lactation has not been established.
    Overdose effectsView
    Excessive use in children and in certain susceptible individuals may produce systemic toxic symptoms.
    StorageView
    Keep out of the reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct light. Do not use more than 4 weeks after opening. 

    Trocer

    Nitroglycerin (Sublingual Spray)
    Topical Spray 400 mcg/spray Allopathic Nitrates: Coronary vasodilators

    Indications

    Angina pectoris

    Indication detailsView
    Nitroglycerin sublingual spray is indicated for acute relief of an attack or prophylaxis of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease.
    Therapeutic classView
    Nitrates: Coronary vasodilators
    PharmacologyView
    The principal pharmacological action of nitroglycerin is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, producing a vasodilator effect on both peripheral arteries and veins with more prominent effects on the latter. Dilation of the post-capillary vessels, including large veins, promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (pre-load). Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (after-load).
    DosageView
    At the onset of an attack, 1 or 2 metered sprays should be administered under the tongue. No more than 3 metered sprays are recommended within a 15 minute period. If the chest pain persists, prompt medical attention is recommended. Nitroglycerin spray may be used prophylactically 5 to 10 minutes prior to engaging in activities which might precipitate an acute attack.
    Side effectsView
    A number of nitrate related adverse effects may occur including headache, facial flushing, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, feelings of weakness, postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia .
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to nitrates or any constituents of the formulation. Hypotension, hypovolaemia, severe anaemia, cerebral haemorrhage and brain trauma, mitral stenosis and angina caused by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Concomitant administration of phosphodiesterase inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    PrecautionsView
    The use of Nitroglycerin during the early days of acute myocardial infarction requires particular attention to monitoring hemodynamics and clinical status. Nitroglycerin should be used with caution in patients with severely impaired renal or hepatic function, hypothyroidism, malnutrition or hypothermia.
    InteractionsView
    Use of alcohol with Nitroglycerin may produce severe hypotension and collapse. Oral Nitroglycerin may enhance the bioavailability of dihydroergotamine. Orthostatic hypotension may occur with the combined use of calcium channel blocker, phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Nitroglycerin should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed. It is not known whether nitroglycerin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Nitroglycerin spray is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Safety and effectiveness of nitroglycerin in pediatric patients have not been established.
    Overdose effectsView
    Nitrate overdosage may result in: severe hypotension, persistent throbbing headache, vertigo, palpitation, visual disturbance, flushing and perspiring skin (later becoming cold and cyanotic), nausea and vomiting (possibly with colic and even bloody diarrhea), syncope (especially in the upright posture), methemoglobinemia with cyanosis and anorexia, initial hyperpnea, dyspnea and slow breathing, slow pulse, heart block, increased intracranial pressure with cerebral symptoms of confusion and moderate fever, paralysis and coma followed by clonic convulsions and possibly death due to circulatory collapse.

    Methemoglobinemia: Case reports of clinically significant methemoglobinemia are rare at conventional doses of organic nitrates. The formation of methemoglobin is dose-related and in the case of genetic abnormalities of hemoglobin that favor methemoglobin formation, even conventional doses of organic nitrates could produce harmful concentrations of methemoglobin.

    Treatment of Overdosage: Keep the patient recumbent in a shock position and comfortably warm. Passive movement of the extremities may aid venous return. Administer oxygen and artificial ventilation, if necessary. If methemoglobinemia is present, administration of methylene blue (1% solution), 1-2 mg per kilogram of body weight intravenously, may be required. If an excessive quantity of Nitroglycerin spray has been recently swallowed, gastric lavage may be of use.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place away from light and heat. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.

    Trocer

    Nitroglycerin (Oral preparation)
    Capsule (Sustained Release) 2.6 mg Allopathic Nitrates: Coronary vasodilators

    Indications

    Severe hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Nitroglycerin is indicated for the prophylaxis of angina pectoris. The onset of action is not sufficiently rapid for this form to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
    Therapeutic classView
    Nitrates: Coronary vasodilators
    PharmacologyView
    Nitroglycerin causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, producing a vasodilator effect on both peripheral arteries and veins. Dilation of veins promote peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (preload) and relaxation of arteries reduce systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (afterload).
    DosageView

    Dosage should always to be adjusted according to the requirement and response obtained by the individual patient and the severity of the anginal pain. For adults, one Nitroglycerin 2.6 mg sustained released tablet or capsule in morning and evening. This should be taken empty stomach.

    Side effectsView
    Headache may occur at the onset of treatment but will usually subside after a few days. If the headache persists dosage should be decreased. Other side effects include tachycardia, postural hypotension and syncope, cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin, other organic nitrates, or nitrites or to the excipients of the medicine. It is also contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, marked anaemia, head trauma, cerebral haemorrhage, or closed angle glaucoma.
    PrecautionsView
    Nitroglycerin should be used with caution in patients who are predisposed to closed-angle glaucoma. As with other drugs for the treatment of angina pectoris, abrupt discontinuation of therapy may lead to exacerbation of symptoms. When discontinuing long term treatment, the dosage should be reduced gradually over several days, and the patient carefully monitored. The use of nitroglycerin during the early days of acute myocardial infarction requires particular attention to hemodynamic monitoring and clinical status to avoid the hazards of hypotension and tachycardia.
    InteractionsView
    Nitroglycerin dilates peripheral blood vessels and may increase the antihypertensive properties of vasodilators, calcium antagonists, beta-adrenergic blockers. Concomitant use of nitrates with tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may cause high blood pressure. Concomitant use of nitrates with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil cause fall in blood pressure. Aspirin decreases the clearance and enhances the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin may reduce the pharmacologic effects of heparin when used concomitantly. Nitrates increase the bioavailability of dihydroergotamine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Nitroglycerin should not be used during pregnancy or lactation unless considered essential by the physician.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place away from light and heat. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.