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    Torosic

    Ketorolac Tromethamine
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Indications

    Soft tissue inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
    DosageView

    Tablet-

    Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

    Injection-

    Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

    Single-Dose Treatment-
    IM Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
    IV Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
    IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):
    • IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
    • IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
    Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-
    • Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
    • Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
    Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
    Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
    ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
    Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Torosic

    Ketorolac Tromethamine
    IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml Allopathic Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Indications

    Soft tissue inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
    DosageView

    Tablet-

    Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

    Injection-

    Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

    Single-Dose Treatment-
    IM Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
    IV Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
    IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):
    • IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
    • IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
    Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-
    • Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
    • Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
    Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
    Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
    ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
    Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Torosic

    Ketorolac Tromethamine
    IM/IV Injection 30 mg/ml Allopathic Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Indications

    Soft tissue inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
    DosageView

    Tablet-

    Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

    Injection-

    Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

    Single-Dose Treatment-
    IM Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
    IV Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
    IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):
    • IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
    • IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
    Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-
    • Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
    • Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
    Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
    Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
    ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
    Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Torped

    Cefotaxime
    IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cefotaxime is indicated for the treatment of the following infections either before the infecting organism has been identified or when caused by bacteria of established sensitivity: Septicaemia Respiratory Tract Infections such as acute or chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, infected bronchiectasis, lung abscess and postoperative chest infections Urinary Tract Infections such as acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria Soft-tissue Infection such as cellulitis, peritonitis and wound infections Bone and Joint Infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis Obstetric and gynaecological infections: such as pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhoea particularly when penicillin has failed or is unsuitable Other Bacterial Infections: meningitis and other sensitive infections suitable for parenteral antibiotic therapy Prophylaxis: The administration of Cefotaxime prophylactically may reduce the incidence of certain post operative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures that are classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated or in clean operation where infection would have serious effects.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefotaxime binds to 1 or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death. Cefotaxime is a broad spectrum bactericidal 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefotaxime is exceptionally active against gram-negative organisms sensitive or resistant to first or second generation cephalosporins. It is similar to other cephalosporins in activity against gram-positive bacteria.
    DosageView
    Adults: The recommended dosage for mild to moderate infections is 1 gm every 12 hourly. However, dosage may be varied according to the severity of infection, sensitivity of causative organisms and condition of the patient. In severe infections dosage may be increased up to 12 gm daily given in 3 or 4 divided doses. For infections caused by sensitive Pseudomonas spp. daily doses of greater than 6 gm will usually be required

    Children: The usual dosage range is 100-150 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. However, in very severe infections doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day may be required.

    Neonates: The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. In severe infections 150-200 mg/kg/day, in divided doses, have been given.

    Dosage in gonorrhoea: 500 mg as a single dose.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions to Cefotaxime have occurred relatively infrequently and have generally been mild and transient. Effects reported include candidiasis, rashes, fever, transient rises in liver transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase and diarrhoea. As with all cephalosporins, pseudomembranous colitis may rarely occur during treatment. If this occurs the drug should be stopped and specific treatment instituted.As with other cephalosporins, changes in renal function have been rarely observed with high doses of Cefotaxime. Administration of high doses of cephalosporins particularly in patients with renal insufficiency may result in encephalopathy. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, these include skin rashes, drug fever and very rarely anaphylaxis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefotaxime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to cefotaxime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefotaxime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. Because high and prolonged antibiotic concentrations can occur from usual doses in patients with transient or persistent reduction of urinary output because of renal insufficiency, the total daily dosage should be reduced when Cefotaxime is administered to such patients. Continued dosage should be determined by degree of renal impairment, severity of infection, and susceptibility of the causative organism. There is no clinical evidence supporting the necessity of changing the dosage of Cefotaxime in patients with even profound renal dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Increased nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although studies in animals have not shown any adverse effect on the developing foetus, the safety of Cefotaxime in human pregnancy has not been established. Consequently, Cefotaxime should not be administered during pregnancy especially during first trimester, without carefully weighing the expected benefit against possible risks. Cefotaxime is excreted in the milk.
    Pediatric usageView
    Dosage in renal impairment: Because of extra-renal elimination, it is only necessary to reduce the dosage of Cefotaxime in severe renal failure (GFR<5 ml/min = serum creatinine approximately 751 micromol/litre). After an initial loading dose of 1 gm, daily dose should be halved without change in the frequency of dosing. In all other patients, dosage may require further adjustment according to the course of infection and the general condition of the patient.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Use reconstituted solution immediately. Reconstituted solution is stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2° to 8°C.

    Torped

    Cefotaxime
    IM/IV Injection 500 mg/10 ml Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cefotaxime is indicated for the treatment of the following infections either before the infecting organism has been identified or when caused by bacteria of established sensitivity: Septicaemia Respiratory Tract Infections such as acute or chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, infected bronchiectasis, lung abscess and postoperative chest infections Urinary Tract Infections such as acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria Soft-tissue Infection such as cellulitis, peritonitis and wound infections Bone and Joint Infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis Obstetric and gynaecological infections: such as pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhoea particularly when penicillin has failed or is unsuitable Other Bacterial Infections: meningitis and other sensitive infections suitable for parenteral antibiotic therapy Prophylaxis: The administration of Cefotaxime prophylactically may reduce the incidence of certain post operative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures that are classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated or in clean operation where infection would have serious effects.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefotaxime binds to 1 or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death. Cefotaxime is a broad spectrum bactericidal 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefotaxime is exceptionally active against gram-negative organisms sensitive or resistant to first or second generation cephalosporins. It is similar to other cephalosporins in activity against gram-positive bacteria.
    DosageView
    Adults: The recommended dosage for mild to moderate infections is 1 gm every 12 hourly. However, dosage may be varied according to the severity of infection, sensitivity of causative organisms and condition of the patient. In severe infections dosage may be increased up to 12 gm daily given in 3 or 4 divided doses. For infections caused by sensitive Pseudomonas spp. daily doses of greater than 6 gm will usually be required

    Children: The usual dosage range is 100-150 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. However, in very severe infections doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day may be required.

    Neonates: The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. In severe infections 150-200 mg/kg/day, in divided doses, have been given.

    Dosage in gonorrhoea: 500 mg as a single dose.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions to Cefotaxime have occurred relatively infrequently and have generally been mild and transient. Effects reported include candidiasis, rashes, fever, transient rises in liver transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase and diarrhoea. As with all cephalosporins, pseudomembranous colitis may rarely occur during treatment. If this occurs the drug should be stopped and specific treatment instituted.As with other cephalosporins, changes in renal function have been rarely observed with high doses of Cefotaxime. Administration of high doses of cephalosporins particularly in patients with renal insufficiency may result in encephalopathy. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, these include skin rashes, drug fever and very rarely anaphylaxis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefotaxime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to cefotaxime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefotaxime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. Because high and prolonged antibiotic concentrations can occur from usual doses in patients with transient or persistent reduction of urinary output because of renal insufficiency, the total daily dosage should be reduced when Cefotaxime is administered to such patients. Continued dosage should be determined by degree of renal impairment, severity of infection, and susceptibility of the causative organism. There is no clinical evidence supporting the necessity of changing the dosage of Cefotaxime in patients with even profound renal dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Increased nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although studies in animals have not shown any adverse effect on the developing foetus, the safety of Cefotaxime in human pregnancy has not been established. Consequently, Cefotaxime should not be administered during pregnancy especially during first trimester, without carefully weighing the expected benefit against possible risks. Cefotaxime is excreted in the milk.
    Pediatric usageView
    Dosage in renal impairment: Because of extra-renal elimination, it is only necessary to reduce the dosage of Cefotaxime in severe renal failure (GFR<5 ml/min = serum creatinine approximately 751 micromol/litre). After an initial loading dose of 1 gm, daily dose should be halved without change in the frequency of dosing. In all other patients, dosage may require further adjustment according to the course of infection and the general condition of the patient.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Use reconstituted solution immediately. Reconstituted solution is stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2° to 8°C.

    Torped

    Cefotaxime
    IM/IV Injection 250 mg/5 ml Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cefotaxime is indicated for the treatment of the following infections either before the infecting organism has been identified or when caused by bacteria of established sensitivity: Septicaemia Respiratory Tract Infections such as acute or chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, infected bronchiectasis, lung abscess and postoperative chest infections Urinary Tract Infections such as acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria Soft-tissue Infection such as cellulitis, peritonitis and wound infections Bone and Joint Infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis Obstetric and gynaecological infections: such as pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhoea particularly when penicillin has failed or is unsuitable Other Bacterial Infections: meningitis and other sensitive infections suitable for parenteral antibiotic therapy Prophylaxis: The administration of Cefotaxime prophylactically may reduce the incidence of certain post operative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures that are classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated or in clean operation where infection would have serious effects.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefotaxime binds to 1 or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death. Cefotaxime is a broad spectrum bactericidal 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefotaxime is exceptionally active against gram-negative organisms sensitive or resistant to first or second generation cephalosporins. It is similar to other cephalosporins in activity against gram-positive bacteria.
    DosageView
    Adults: The recommended dosage for mild to moderate infections is 1 gm every 12 hourly. However, dosage may be varied according to the severity of infection, sensitivity of causative organisms and condition of the patient. In severe infections dosage may be increased up to 12 gm daily given in 3 or 4 divided doses. For infections caused by sensitive Pseudomonas spp. daily doses of greater than 6 gm will usually be required

    Children: The usual dosage range is 100-150 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. However, in very severe infections doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day may be required.

    Neonates: The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. In severe infections 150-200 mg/kg/day, in divided doses, have been given.

    Dosage in gonorrhoea: 500 mg as a single dose.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions to Cefotaxime have occurred relatively infrequently and have generally been mild and transient. Effects reported include candidiasis, rashes, fever, transient rises in liver transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase and diarrhoea. As with all cephalosporins, pseudomembranous colitis may rarely occur during treatment. If this occurs the drug should be stopped and specific treatment instituted.As with other cephalosporins, changes in renal function have been rarely observed with high doses of Cefotaxime. Administration of high doses of cephalosporins particularly in patients with renal insufficiency may result in encephalopathy. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, these include skin rashes, drug fever and very rarely anaphylaxis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefotaxime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to cefotaxime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefotaxime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. Because high and prolonged antibiotic concentrations can occur from usual doses in patients with transient or persistent reduction of urinary output because of renal insufficiency, the total daily dosage should be reduced when Cefotaxime is administered to such patients. Continued dosage should be determined by degree of renal impairment, severity of infection, and susceptibility of the causative organism. There is no clinical evidence supporting the necessity of changing the dosage of Cefotaxime in patients with even profound renal dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Increased nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although studies in animals have not shown any adverse effect on the developing foetus, the safety of Cefotaxime in human pregnancy has not been established. Consequently, Cefotaxime should not be administered during pregnancy especially during first trimester, without carefully weighing the expected benefit against possible risks. Cefotaxime is excreted in the milk.
    Pediatric usageView
    Dosage in renal impairment: Because of extra-renal elimination, it is only necessary to reduce the dosage of Cefotaxime in severe renal failure (GFR<5 ml/min = serum creatinine approximately 751 micromol/litre). After an initial loading dose of 1 gm, daily dose should be halved without change in the frequency of dosing. In all other patients, dosage may require further adjustment according to the course of infection and the general condition of the patient.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Use reconstituted solution immediately. Reconstituted solution is stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2° to 8°C.

    Torsid

    Torsemide
    Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Loop diuretics

    Indications

    Oedema

    Indication detailsView
    Torsemide is indicated for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, renal disease, or hepatic disease. Torsemide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
    Therapeutic classView
    Loop diuretics
    PharmacologyView
    Torsemide acts within the lumen of the thick ascending portion of the loop of Henle, where it inhibits the Na+/K+/2CI carrier system. Torsemide increases the urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and water, but it does not significantly alter glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow or acid-base balance.
    DosageView
    Edema associated with heart failure: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 10 mg or 20 mg once daily. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Edema associated with chronic renal failure: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 20 mg once daily. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 5 mg or 10 mg once daily, administered together with an aldosterone antagonist or a potassium-sparing diuretic. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until
    the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Treatment of Hypertension: The recommended initial dose is 5 mg once daily. If the 5 mg dose does not provide adequate reduction in blood pressure within 4 to 6 weeks, increase to 10 mg once daily. If the response to 10 mg is insufficient, add another antihypertensive agent to the treatment regimen.
    ContraindicationsView
    Torsemide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Torsemide. It is contraindicated in patients who are anuric or with hepatic coma.
    PrecautionsView
    Hypotension: Excessive diuresis may cause potentially symptomatic dehydration, blood volume reduction and hypotension.

    Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities: Torsemide can cause symptomatic hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypochloremic alkalosis.
    InteractionsView
    Patients receiving high doses of salicylates may experience salicylate toxicity when Torsemide is concomitantly administered. If Torsemide and cholestyramine should be co-administered, administer Torsemide at least one hour before or 4 to 6 h after cholestyramine administration. Also, coadministration of Torsemide with ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin receptor blockers can increase the risk of hypotension and renal impairment.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category: B

    Use in Lactation: It is not known whether Torsemide is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Torsemide is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Protect from light and moisture. Store below 30°C. Keep the medicine out of reach of children.

    Torsid

    Torsemide
    Tablet 20 mg Allopathic Loop diuretics

    Indications

    Oedema

    Indication detailsView
    Torsemide is indicated for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, renal disease, or hepatic disease. Torsemide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
    Therapeutic classView
    Loop diuretics
    PharmacologyView
    Torsemide acts within the lumen of the thick ascending portion of the loop of Henle, where it inhibits the Na+/K+/2CI carrier system. Torsemide increases the urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and water, but it does not significantly alter glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow or acid-base balance.
    DosageView
    Edema associated with heart failure: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 10 mg or 20 mg once daily. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Edema associated with chronic renal failure: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 20 mg once daily. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis: The recommended initial dose is Torsemide 5 mg or 10 mg once daily, administered together with an aldosterone antagonist or a potassium-sparing diuretic. If the diuretic response is inadequate, titrate upward by approximately doubling until
    the desired diuretic response is obtained.

    Treatment of Hypertension: The recommended initial dose is 5 mg once daily. If the 5 mg dose does not provide adequate reduction in blood pressure within 4 to 6 weeks, increase to 10 mg once daily. If the response to 10 mg is insufficient, add another antihypertensive agent to the treatment regimen.
    ContraindicationsView
    Torsemide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Torsemide. It is contraindicated in patients who are anuric or with hepatic coma.
    PrecautionsView
    Hypotension: Excessive diuresis may cause potentially symptomatic dehydration, blood volume reduction and hypotension.

    Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities: Torsemide can cause symptomatic hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypochloremic alkalosis.
    InteractionsView
    Patients receiving high doses of salicylates may experience salicylate toxicity when Torsemide is concomitantly administered. If Torsemide and cholestyramine should be co-administered, administer Torsemide at least one hour before or 4 to 6 h after cholestyramine administration. Also, coadministration of Torsemide with ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin receptor blockers can increase the risk of hypotension and renal impairment.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category: B

    Use in Lactation: It is not known whether Torsemide is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Torsemide is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Protect from light and moisture. Store below 30°C. Keep the medicine out of reach of children.

    Torva

    Atorvastatin Calcium
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs

    Indications

    Reducing cholesterol levels

    Indication detailsView
    Atorvastatin is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and triglycerides levels in following diseases when response to diet and other non-pharmacological measures is inadequate.
    • To reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
    • To reduce elevated cholesterol and triglycerides in patient with mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Type Ia and Ib).
    • For the treatment of patients with elevated serum triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson Type IV).
    • For the treatment of patients with dysbetalipoproteinaemia (Fredrickson Type III).
    • To reduce cardiac ischaemic events in patients with asymptomatic or mild to moderate symptomatic coronary artery disease with elevated LDL-cholesterol level.
    • To reduce total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations patients with hypercholesterolemia associated with or exacerbated by diabetes mellitus or renal transplantation.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs, Statins
    PharmacologyView
    Atorvastatin is a selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. Atorvastatin lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increases the number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface for enhanced uptake and catabolism of LDL.
    DosageView
    Primary hypercholesterolaemia and combined hyperlipidaemia-
    • Adults: Usually 10 mg once daily; if necessary, may be increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to max. 80 mg once daily.
    • Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 20 mg once daily.
    Familial hypercholesterolaemia-
    • Adults: Initially 10 mg daily, increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 40 mg once daily; if necessary, further increased to max. 80 mg once daily (or 40 mg once daily combined with anion-exchange resin in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia).
    • Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 80 mg once daily.
    Prevention of cardiovascular events-
    • Adults: Initially 10 mg once daily adjusted according to response.
    Side effectsView
    Atorvastatin is generally well-tolerated. The most frequent side effects related to Atorvastatin are constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. Other side effects includes infection, headache, back pain, rash, asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Atorvastatin should not be used in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. Atorvastatin is contraindicated in active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations of serum transaminases. It is also contraindicated in patient with history of serious adverse reaction to prior administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
    PrecautionsView
    Liver effects: Liver function tests should be performed before the initiation of treatment and periodically thereafter. Atorvastatin should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol or have a history of liver disease. Atorvastatin therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected.
    InteractionsView
    The risk of myopathy during treatment with Atorvastatin is increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, azole antifungals and niacin. No clinically significant interactions were seen when Atorvastatin was administered with antihypertensives or hypoglycemic agents. Patients should be closely monitored if Atorvastatin is added to digoxin, erythromycin, oral contraceptives, colestipol, antacid and warfarin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Atorvastatin is contraindicated during pregnancy. Safety in pregnant women has not been established. No controlled clinical trials with atorvastatin have been conducted in pregnant women. Rare reports of congenital anomalies following intrauterine exposure to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been received. Animal studies have shown toxicity to reproduction. Maternal treatment with atorvastatin may reduce the fetal levels of mevalonate which is a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. Atorvastatin should not be used in women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or suspect they are pregnant. Treatment with atorvastatin should be suspended for the duration of pregnancy or until it has been determined that the woman is not pregnant

    Lactation: It is not known whether atorvastatin or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. In rats, plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its active metabolites are similar to those in milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, women taking atorvastatin should not breastfeed their infants. Atorvastatin is contraindicated during breastfeeding.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Atorvastatin should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

    Pediatric use: For patients aged 10 years and above, the recommended starting dose of atorvastatin is 10 mg per day with titration up to 20 mg per day. Atorvastatin is not indicated in the treatment of patients below the age of 10 years.
    Overdose effectsView
    Specific treatment is not available for atorvastatin overdose. The patient should be treated symptomatically and supportive measures instituted, as required. Liver function tests should be performed and serum CK levels should be monitored. Due to extensive atorvastatin binding to plasma proteins, hemodialysis is not expected to significantly enhance atorvastatin clearance.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Torvas

    Atorvastatin Calcium
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs

    Indications

    Reducing cholesterol levels

    Indication detailsView
    Atorvastatin is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and triglycerides levels in following diseases when response to diet and other non-pharmacological measures is inadequate.
    • To reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
    • To reduce elevated cholesterol and triglycerides in patient with mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Type Ia and Ib).
    • For the treatment of patients with elevated serum triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson Type IV).
    • For the treatment of patients with dysbetalipoproteinaemia (Fredrickson Type III).
    • To reduce cardiac ischaemic events in patients with asymptomatic or mild to moderate symptomatic coronary artery disease with elevated LDL-cholesterol level.
    • To reduce total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations patients with hypercholesterolemia associated with or exacerbated by diabetes mellitus or renal transplantation.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs, Statins
    PharmacologyView
    Atorvastatin is a selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. Atorvastatin lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increases the number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface for enhanced uptake and catabolism of LDL.
    DosageView
    Primary hypercholesterolaemia and combined hyperlipidaemia-
    • Adults: Usually 10 mg once daily; if necessary, may be increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to max. 80 mg once daily.
    • Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 20 mg once daily.
    Familial hypercholesterolaemia-
    • Adults: Initially 10 mg daily, increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 40 mg once daily; if necessary, further increased to max. 80 mg once daily (or 40 mg once daily combined with anion-exchange resin in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia).
    • Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 80 mg once daily.
    Prevention of cardiovascular events-
    • Adults: Initially 10 mg once daily adjusted according to response.
    Side effectsView
    Atorvastatin is generally well-tolerated. The most frequent side effects related to Atorvastatin are constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. Other side effects includes infection, headache, back pain, rash, asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Atorvastatin should not be used in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. Atorvastatin is contraindicated in active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations of serum transaminases. It is also contraindicated in patient with history of serious adverse reaction to prior administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
    PrecautionsView
    Liver effects: Liver function tests should be performed before the initiation of treatment and periodically thereafter. Atorvastatin should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol or have a history of liver disease. Atorvastatin therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected.
    InteractionsView
    The risk of myopathy during treatment with Atorvastatin is increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, azole antifungals and niacin. No clinically significant interactions were seen when Atorvastatin was administered with antihypertensives or hypoglycemic agents. Patients should be closely monitored if Atorvastatin is added to digoxin, erythromycin, oral contraceptives, colestipol, antacid and warfarin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Atorvastatin is contraindicated during pregnancy. Safety in pregnant women has not been established. No controlled clinical trials with atorvastatin have been conducted in pregnant women. Rare reports of congenital anomalies following intrauterine exposure to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been received. Animal studies have shown toxicity to reproduction. Maternal treatment with atorvastatin may reduce the fetal levels of mevalonate which is a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. Atorvastatin should not be used in women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or suspect they are pregnant. Treatment with atorvastatin should be suspended for the duration of pregnancy or until it has been determined that the woman is not pregnant

    Lactation: It is not known whether atorvastatin or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. In rats, plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its active metabolites are similar to those in milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, women taking atorvastatin should not breastfeed their infants. Atorvastatin is contraindicated during breastfeeding.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Atorvastatin should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

    Pediatric use: For patients aged 10 years and above, the recommended starting dose of atorvastatin is 10 mg per day with titration up to 20 mg per day. Atorvastatin is not indicated in the treatment of patients below the age of 10 years.
    Overdose effectsView
    Specific treatment is not available for atorvastatin overdose. The patient should be treated symptomatically and supportive measures instituted, as required. Liver function tests should be performed and serum CK levels should be monitored. Due to extensive atorvastatin binding to plasma proteins, hemodialysis is not expected to significantly enhance atorvastatin clearance.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Tory

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 120 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Tory

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 90 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Tory

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 60 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Tosma

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Tablet 1 mg/5 ml Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Tosma

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Tablet 1 mg Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Toti

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Syrup 1 mg/5 ml Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Toti

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Tablet 1 mg Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Totifen

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Syrup 1 mg/5 ml Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Totifen

    Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
    Tablet 1 mg Allopathic Cromoglycate & related drugs

    Indications

    Asthma prophylaxis

    Indication detailsView
    Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
    • For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
    • For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
    • Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cromoglycate & related drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.

    Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.

    Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
    ContraindicationsView
    A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
    PrecautionsView
    It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
    InteractionsView
    Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
    Overdose effectsView
    The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Toyavir

    Favipiravir
    Tablet 200 mg Allopathic Anti-viral drugs

    Indications

    Influenza

    Indication detailsView
    Treatment of novel or re-emerging pandemic influenza virus infections (limited to cases in which other influenza antiviral drugs are ineffective or not sufficiently effective).
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-viral drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Favipiravir is a new antiviral drug against influenza. It is metabolized into favipiravir ribosyl triphosphate (favipiravir RTP) by an intracellular enzyme, and favipiravir RTP selectively inhibits RNA polymerase (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) of the influenza virus, preventing replication of the influenza virus. It is a drug with a mechanism of action different from that of the existing influenza antiviral drugs and effective against all types and sub-types of human influenza A, B, and C viruses in vitro, showing a wide range of anti-viral activity against various influenza virus strains including avian and swine viruses.
    DosageView
    The usual adult dosage is 1600 mg of Favipiravir administered orally twice daily on Day 1, followed by 600 mg orally twice daily from Day 2 to Day 5 or as directed by physicians. The total treatment duration should be 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Most common side effects are Diarrhea and increase of blood uric acid levels.
    ContraindicationsView
    Favipiravir is contraindicated for pregnant women and women who may possibly be pregnant.
    PrecautionsView
    Favipiravir should not be given in pregnant women, requirement of the confirmation of non-pregnancy in women of childbearing potential before use, thorough contraception measures from the start of the treatment to 7 days after the end of the treatment. Caution should be taken for Hepatic and renal impaired patient or use Favipiravir as per the direction of registered Physician
    InteractionsView
    In animal studies, decreased RBC production,and increases in liver function parameters such as AST, ALP, ALT and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes. Toxicity information regarding Favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Favipiravir may cause delayed development or death of embryos during the early stage of pregnancy. Should not be given during pregnancy.
    Pediatric usageView
    This drug is only approved as an experimental drug and still a lot of studies is needed about it’s efficacy and also toxic reactions and use in children.
    Overdose effectsView
    In animal studies, decreased RBC production,and increases in liver function parameters such as AST, ALP, ALT and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes. Toxicity information regarding Favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.