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    Showing all medicines (21591 total)

    Temcard

    Telmisartan
    Tablet 80 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker

    Indications

    Hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Telmisartan is indicated in-

    Hypertension: Treatment of essential hypertension in adults.
    Cardiovascular prevention: Reduction of cardiovascular morbidity in adults with:
    • Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) or
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus with documented target organ damage.
    Therapeutic classView
    Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker
    PharmacologyView
    Telmisartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Its action is therefore independent of the pathways for angiotensin II synthesis. Telmisartan has much greater affinity (>3,000 fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor. Because telmisartan does not inhibit ACE (kininase II), it does not affect the response to bradykinin. Telmisartan does not bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.
    DosageView
    Dosage must be individualized. The usual starting dose of Telmisartan tablets is 40 mg once a day. Blood pressure response is dose-related over the range of 20 to 80 mg. Most of the antihypertensive effect is apparent within 2 weeks and maximal reduction is generally attained after 4 weeks. When additional blood pressure reduction beyond that achieved with 80 mg Telmisartan is required, may switch to the combination. No initial dosage adjustment is necessary for elderly patients or patients with renal impairment, including those on hemodialysis. Patients on dialysis may develop orthostatic hypotension; their blood pressure should be closely monitored. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with or without food. Initial therapy with Telmisartan is not recommended in patients ≥75 years old or with hepatic impairment.
    Side effectsView
    In hypertensive patients: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets include sinus pain and congestion (sinusitis), back pain, diarrhea etc.

    For patients of cardiovascular risk reduction: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets in CV risk reduction include intermittent claudication and skin ulcer.
    ContraindicationsView
    Known hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.
    PrecautionsView
    • Avoid fetal or neonatal exposure.
    • Hypotension.
    • Monitor carefully in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function.
    • Avoid concomitant use of an ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker.
    InteractionsView
    • NSAIDS: Increased risk of renal impairment and loss of antihypertensive effect.
    • Co-administration with aliskiren with Telmisartan: in patients with diabetes should be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C (first trimester) and D (second and third trimester). Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, decide whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of Telmisartan in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric use: No overall differences in effectiveness and safety were observed in these patients compared to younger patients.

    Hepatic impairment: Monitor carefully and up titrate slowly in patients with biliary obstructive disorders or hepatic insufficiency.
    Overdose effectsView
    The most likely manifestation of overdosage with Telmisartan tablets would be hypotension, dizziness and tachycardia; bradycardia, increase in serum creatinine and acute renal failure could occur from parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Protect from light and high humidity. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temcard

    Telmisartan
    Tablet 40 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker

    Indications

    Hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Telmisartan is indicated in-

    Hypertension: Treatment of essential hypertension in adults.
    Cardiovascular prevention: Reduction of cardiovascular morbidity in adults with:
    • Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) or
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus with documented target organ damage.
    Therapeutic classView
    Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker
    PharmacologyView
    Telmisartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Its action is therefore independent of the pathways for angiotensin II synthesis. Telmisartan has much greater affinity (>3,000 fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor. Because telmisartan does not inhibit ACE (kininase II), it does not affect the response to bradykinin. Telmisartan does not bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.
    DosageView
    Dosage must be individualized. The usual starting dose of Telmisartan tablets is 40 mg once a day. Blood pressure response is dose-related over the range of 20 to 80 mg. Most of the antihypertensive effect is apparent within 2 weeks and maximal reduction is generally attained after 4 weeks. When additional blood pressure reduction beyond that achieved with 80 mg Telmisartan is required, may switch to the combination. No initial dosage adjustment is necessary for elderly patients or patients with renal impairment, including those on hemodialysis. Patients on dialysis may develop orthostatic hypotension; their blood pressure should be closely monitored. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with or without food. Initial therapy with Telmisartan is not recommended in patients ≥75 years old or with hepatic impairment.
    Side effectsView
    In hypertensive patients: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets include sinus pain and congestion (sinusitis), back pain, diarrhea etc.

    For patients of cardiovascular risk reduction: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets in CV risk reduction include intermittent claudication and skin ulcer.
    ContraindicationsView
    Known hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.
    PrecautionsView
    • Avoid fetal or neonatal exposure.
    • Hypotension.
    • Monitor carefully in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function.
    • Avoid concomitant use of an ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker.
    InteractionsView
    • NSAIDS: Increased risk of renal impairment and loss of antihypertensive effect.
    • Co-administration with aliskiren with Telmisartan: in patients with diabetes should be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C (first trimester) and D (second and third trimester). Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, decide whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of Telmisartan in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric use: No overall differences in effectiveness and safety were observed in these patients compared to younger patients.

    Hepatic impairment: Monitor carefully and up titrate slowly in patients with biliary obstructive disorders or hepatic insufficiency.
    Overdose effectsView
    The most likely manifestation of overdosage with Telmisartan tablets would be hypotension, dizziness and tachycardia; bradycardia, increase in serum creatinine and acute renal failure could occur from parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Protect from light and high humidity. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temcard

    Telmisartan
    Tablet 20 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker

    Indications

    Hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Telmisartan is indicated in-

    Hypertension: Treatment of essential hypertension in adults.
    Cardiovascular prevention: Reduction of cardiovascular morbidity in adults with:
    • Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) or
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus with documented target organ damage.
    Therapeutic classView
    Angiotensin-ll receptor blocker
    PharmacologyView
    Telmisartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Its action is therefore independent of the pathways for angiotensin II synthesis. Telmisartan has much greater affinity (>3,000 fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor. Because telmisartan does not inhibit ACE (kininase II), it does not affect the response to bradykinin. Telmisartan does not bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.
    DosageView
    Dosage must be individualized. The usual starting dose of Telmisartan tablets is 40 mg once a day. Blood pressure response is dose-related over the range of 20 to 80 mg. Most of the antihypertensive effect is apparent within 2 weeks and maximal reduction is generally attained after 4 weeks. When additional blood pressure reduction beyond that achieved with 80 mg Telmisartan is required, may switch to the combination. No initial dosage adjustment is necessary for elderly patients or patients with renal impairment, including those on hemodialysis. Patients on dialysis may develop orthostatic hypotension; their blood pressure should be closely monitored. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. Telmisartan tablets may be administered with or without food. Initial therapy with Telmisartan is not recommended in patients ≥75 years old or with hepatic impairment.
    Side effectsView
    In hypertensive patients: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets include sinus pain and congestion (sinusitis), back pain, diarrhea etc.

    For patients of cardiovascular risk reduction: The most common side effects of Telmisartan tablets in CV risk reduction include intermittent claudication and skin ulcer.
    ContraindicationsView
    Known hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.
    PrecautionsView
    • Avoid fetal or neonatal exposure.
    • Hypotension.
    • Monitor carefully in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function.
    • Avoid concomitant use of an ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker.
    InteractionsView
    • NSAIDS: Increased risk of renal impairment and loss of antihypertensive effect.
    • Co-administration with aliskiren with Telmisartan: in patients with diabetes should be avoided.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C (first trimester) and D (second and third trimester). Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, decide whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of Telmisartan in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric use: No overall differences in effectiveness and safety were observed in these patients compared to younger patients.

    Hepatic impairment: Monitor carefully and up titrate slowly in patients with biliary obstructive disorders or hepatic insufficiency.
    Overdose effectsView
    The most likely manifestation of overdosage with Telmisartan tablets would be hypotension, dizziness and tachycardia; bradycardia, increase in serum creatinine and acute renal failure could occur from parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Protect from light and high humidity. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temcox

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 60 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Temcox

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 120 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Temcox

    Etoricoxib
    Tablet 90 mg Allopathic Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Ankylosing spondylitis, and
    • The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
    • For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
    DosageView
    Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
    • Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
    • Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
    • Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
    Some patients may require additional postoperative analgesia. As the cardiovascular risks of Etoricoxib may increase with dose and duration of exposure, the shortest duration possible and the lowest effective daily dose should be used. The patient's need for symptomatic relief and response to therapy should be re-evaluated periodically, especially in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Side effectsView
    Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    • Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
    • Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
    • Pregnancy and lactation.
    • Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
    • Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
    • Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
    • Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
    • Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
    PrecautionsView
    • Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
    • Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
    • Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
    • Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
    • Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
    • Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
    • Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine:
    • Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
    • Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
    • Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
    • Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
    • Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
    With food & others: Take without regards to meals.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
    Overdose effectsView
    Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Temfin

    Paracetamol + Caffeine
    Tablet 500 mg+65 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    The is indicated in the following condition-
    • Headache
    • Migraine
    • Toothache
    • Neuralgia
    • Feverishness
    • Period pain
    • Sore throat
    • Backache
    • Help to reduce the temperature
    • Aches and pain of colds and flu
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    This is a combination of Paracetamol and Caffeine. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid which is a theophylline-like xanthine derivative. By intermolecular association with Paracetamol, Caffeine increases the solubility and transmembrane permeation of Paracetamol. In addition, Caffeine increases the pain threshold and tolerance of pain. Caffeine has also an intrinsic power to raise vessel tone in the brain, which provides another benefit to treat migraine and headache.
    DosageView
    Adult dose: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours. Maximum dose: 8 tablets daily.
    Child dose: Not recommended for children below 12 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    Paracetamol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal function impairment and hepatic disease (Viral Hepatitis). Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or caffeine.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol & Caffeine should be given cautiously in the following cases: In patients with hepatic or renal failure, in patients taking other hepatotoxic medication. Prolonged use of the drug without consulting a physician should be avoided.
    InteractionsView
    May reduce serum levels with anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine). May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins with prolonged use. Accelerated absorption with metoclopramide and domperidone. May increase serum levels with probenecid. May increase serum levels of chloramphenicol. May reduce absorption with colestyramine within 1 hr of admin. May cause severe hypothermia with phenothiazine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnant mothers should consult with doctors before taking Paracetamol & Caffeine. Paracetamol & Caffeine can be taken whilst breast feeding.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 40 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light and moisture.Keep all medicines out of the reach of the children.

    Temglip

    Glimepiride
    Tablet 2 mg Allopathic Sulfonylureas

    Indications

    Type 2 DM

    Indication detailsView
    Glimepiride is indicated in following conditions-
    • Glimepiride is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with noninsulin dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycaemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone.
    • Glimepiride may be used concomitantly with metformin when diet, exercise, and Glimepiride or metformin alone does not result in adequate glycaemic control.
    • Glimepiride is also indicated for use in combination with insulin to lower blood glucose in patients whose hyperglycaemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise in conjunction with an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
    • Combined use of Glimepiride and insulin may increase the potential for hypoglycaemia.
    Therapeutic classView
    Sulfonylureas
    PharmacologyView
    Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent which decreases blood glucose concentration. The primary mechanism of action of Glimepiride appears to be dependent on stimulating the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta cells. Glimepiride acts in concert with glucose by improving the sensitivity of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus, resulting in insulin secretion. In addition, extrapancreatic effects like reduction of basal hepatic glucose production, increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake may also play role in the activity of Glimepiride. In non-fasting diabetic patients, the hypoglycaemic action of a single dose of Glimepiride persists for 24 hours.
    DosageView
    In principle, the dosage of Glimepiride is governed by the desired blood sugar level. The dosage of Glimepiride must be the lowest which is sufficient to achieve the desired metabolic control. The initial and the maintenance doses are set based on the results of regular check of glucose in blood and urine. Monitoring of glucose levels in blood and urine also serves to detect either primary or secondary failure of therapy.

    Initial dose and dose titration: the usual initial dose is 1 mg once daily, if necessary, the daily dose can be increased. Any increase can be based on regular blood sugar monitoring, and should be gradual, i.e., at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks, and carried out stepwise, as follows: 1 mg -> 2 mg -> 3 mg -> 4 mg -> 6 mg.

    Dose in patients with well controlled diabetes: the usual dose range in patients with well controlled diabetes is 1 to 4 mg daily.

    Distribution of doses: Timing and distribution of doses are decided by the physician, in consideration of the patient's current life-style. Normally, a single daily dose is sufficient. This should be taken immediately before a substantial breakfast or if none is taken immediately before the first main meal. It is very important not to skip meals after taking the drug.

    Secondary dosage adjustment: As control of diabetes improves, sensitivity to insuiin increases; therefore, Glimepiride requirement may fall as treatment proceeds. To avoid hypoglycaemia, timely dose reduction or cessation of Glimepiride therapy must be considered. A dose adjustment must also be considered whenever the patient's weight or life-styie changes, or other factors arise which cause an increased susceptibility to hypo or hyperglycaemia.

    Changeover from other oral antidiabetics to Glimepiride: There is no exact dosage relationship between Glimepiride and other oral blood sugar lowering agents. When substituting Glimepiride for other such agents, the initial daily dose is 1 mg; this applies even in changeover from maximum dose of other oral blood sugar lowering agents. Any dose increase should be in accordance with guideline given above in 'initial dose and dose titration'. Consideration must be given to the potency and duration of action of the previous blood sugar lowering agent. It may be necessary to interrupt treatment to avoid additive effects which would increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.
    AdministrationView
    Glimepiride tablet must be swallowed with sufficient amount of liquid.
    Side effectsView
    Hypoglycaemia, temporary visual impairment, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, urticaria, fall in blood pressure.
    ContraindicationsView
    Glimepiride is not suitable for the treatment of insulin dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus, or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, nor for the treatment of diabetic coma. Glimepiride must not be used in patients hypersensitive to Glimepiride, other sulfonylureas, other sulfonamides, severe hepatic dysfunction, severe impairment of renal function and dialysis patients.
    PrecautionsView
    in the initial weeks of treatment, the risk of hypoglycaemia may be increased and necessitates careful monitoring. If such risk present it may be necessary to adjust the dosage of Glimepiride, Hypoglycaemia can almost be promptly controlled by immediate intake of carbohydrates (glucose or sugar).
    InteractionsView
    Based on experience with Glimepiride and known interactions for other sulfonylureas, the following interactions must be considered.

    In addition to insulin and other oral antidiabetic agents, drugs which may potentiate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include: ACE inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, anabolic steroids and male sex hormones, azapropazone, chloramphenicol, ciofibrate, coumarin derivatives, cyclophosphamide, disopyramide, fenfluramine, fenyramidol, fibrates, fluconazole, fluoxetine, guanethidine, ifosfamide, MAO-inhibitors, miconazole, oxpentifylline (high dose parenteral), oxyphenbutazone, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, probenecid, quinolones, salicylates, sulphinpyrazone, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracyclines, tritoqualine, trofosfamide.

    Drugs which may attenuate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include:
    • Acetazoiamide, barbiturates, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, diazoxide, diuretics, glucagon, isoniazid, laxatives, nicotinic acid (high doses), oestrogens, phenothiazines, phenytoin, progestagens, rifampicin, sympathomimetic agents, thyroid hormones.
    • H2 receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, clonidine and reserpine may lead to either potentiation or weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect.
    • Concomitant treatment with a beta-receptor blocker, clonidine, guanethidine or reserpine may mask the warning symptoms of a hypoglycaemic attack.
    • Acute and chronic aicohol intake may either potentiate or attenuate the activity of Glimepiride in an unpredictable fashion.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Glimepiride must not be taken during pregnancy; a changeover to insulin is necessary. Patients planning a pregnancy must inform their physician, and should change over to insulin. Ingestion of Glimepiride with breast milk feeding may harm the child. Therefore, Glimepiride must not be taken by breastfeeding women. Either a changeover or complete discontinuation of breastfeeding is necessary.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdosage of sulfonylureas, including Glimepiride, can produce hypoglycaemia. Mild hypoglycaemic symptoms without loss of consciousness or neurologic findings should be treated aggressively with oral glucose and adjustments in drug dosage or meal patterns. Close monitoring should continue until the physician is assured that the patient is out of danger. Severe hypoglycaemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment occur infrequently, but constitute medicai emergencies requiring immediate hospitalization. If hypoglycaemic coma is diagnosed or suspected, the patient should be given a rapid intravenous injection of  concentrated (50%) glucose solution. This should be followed by a continuous infusion of a more dilute (10%) glucose solution at a rate that will maintain the blood glucose at a level above 100 mg/dl. Patients should be closely monitored for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours, because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

    Temglip

    Glimepiride
    Tablet 1 mg Allopathic Sulfonylureas

    Indications

    Type 2 DM

    Indication detailsView
    Glimepiride is indicated in following conditions-
    • Glimepiride is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with noninsulin dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycaemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone.
    • Glimepiride may be used concomitantly with metformin when diet, exercise, and Glimepiride or metformin alone does not result in adequate glycaemic control.
    • Glimepiride is also indicated for use in combination with insulin to lower blood glucose in patients whose hyperglycaemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise in conjunction with an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
    • Combined use of Glimepiride and insulin may increase the potential for hypoglycaemia.
    Therapeutic classView
    Sulfonylureas
    PharmacologyView
    Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent which decreases blood glucose concentration. The primary mechanism of action of Glimepiride appears to be dependent on stimulating the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta cells. Glimepiride acts in concert with glucose by improving the sensitivity of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus, resulting in insulin secretion. In addition, extrapancreatic effects like reduction of basal hepatic glucose production, increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake may also play role in the activity of Glimepiride. In non-fasting diabetic patients, the hypoglycaemic action of a single dose of Glimepiride persists for 24 hours.
    DosageView
    In principle, the dosage of Glimepiride is governed by the desired blood sugar level. The dosage of Glimepiride must be the lowest which is sufficient to achieve the desired metabolic control. The initial and the maintenance doses are set based on the results of regular check of glucose in blood and urine. Monitoring of glucose levels in blood and urine also serves to detect either primary or secondary failure of therapy.

    Initial dose and dose titration: the usual initial dose is 1 mg once daily, if necessary, the daily dose can be increased. Any increase can be based on regular blood sugar monitoring, and should be gradual, i.e., at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks, and carried out stepwise, as follows: 1 mg -> 2 mg -> 3 mg -> 4 mg -> 6 mg.

    Dose in patients with well controlled diabetes: the usual dose range in patients with well controlled diabetes is 1 to 4 mg daily.

    Distribution of doses: Timing and distribution of doses are decided by the physician, in consideration of the patient's current life-style. Normally, a single daily dose is sufficient. This should be taken immediately before a substantial breakfast or if none is taken immediately before the first main meal. It is very important not to skip meals after taking the drug.

    Secondary dosage adjustment: As control of diabetes improves, sensitivity to insuiin increases; therefore, Glimepiride requirement may fall as treatment proceeds. To avoid hypoglycaemia, timely dose reduction or cessation of Glimepiride therapy must be considered. A dose adjustment must also be considered whenever the patient's weight or life-styie changes, or other factors arise which cause an increased susceptibility to hypo or hyperglycaemia.

    Changeover from other oral antidiabetics to Glimepiride: There is no exact dosage relationship between Glimepiride and other oral blood sugar lowering agents. When substituting Glimepiride for other such agents, the initial daily dose is 1 mg; this applies even in changeover from maximum dose of other oral blood sugar lowering agents. Any dose increase should be in accordance with guideline given above in 'initial dose and dose titration'. Consideration must be given to the potency and duration of action of the previous blood sugar lowering agent. It may be necessary to interrupt treatment to avoid additive effects which would increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.
    AdministrationView
    Glimepiride tablet must be swallowed with sufficient amount of liquid.
    Side effectsView
    Hypoglycaemia, temporary visual impairment, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, urticaria, fall in blood pressure.
    ContraindicationsView
    Glimepiride is not suitable for the treatment of insulin dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus, or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, nor for the treatment of diabetic coma. Glimepiride must not be used in patients hypersensitive to Glimepiride, other sulfonylureas, other sulfonamides, severe hepatic dysfunction, severe impairment of renal function and dialysis patients.
    PrecautionsView
    in the initial weeks of treatment, the risk of hypoglycaemia may be increased and necessitates careful monitoring. If such risk present it may be necessary to adjust the dosage of Glimepiride, Hypoglycaemia can almost be promptly controlled by immediate intake of carbohydrates (glucose or sugar).
    InteractionsView
    Based on experience with Glimepiride and known interactions for other sulfonylureas, the following interactions must be considered.

    In addition to insulin and other oral antidiabetic agents, drugs which may potentiate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include: ACE inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, anabolic steroids and male sex hormones, azapropazone, chloramphenicol, ciofibrate, coumarin derivatives, cyclophosphamide, disopyramide, fenfluramine, fenyramidol, fibrates, fluconazole, fluoxetine, guanethidine, ifosfamide, MAO-inhibitors, miconazole, oxpentifylline (high dose parenteral), oxyphenbutazone, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, probenecid, quinolones, salicylates, sulphinpyrazone, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracyclines, tritoqualine, trofosfamide.

    Drugs which may attenuate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include:
    • Acetazoiamide, barbiturates, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, diazoxide, diuretics, glucagon, isoniazid, laxatives, nicotinic acid (high doses), oestrogens, phenothiazines, phenytoin, progestagens, rifampicin, sympathomimetic agents, thyroid hormones.
    • H2 receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, clonidine and reserpine may lead to either potentiation or weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect.
    • Concomitant treatment with a beta-receptor blocker, clonidine, guanethidine or reserpine may mask the warning symptoms of a hypoglycaemic attack.
    • Acute and chronic aicohol intake may either potentiate or attenuate the activity of Glimepiride in an unpredictable fashion.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Glimepiride must not be taken during pregnancy; a changeover to insulin is necessary. Patients planning a pregnancy must inform their physician, and should change over to insulin. Ingestion of Glimepiride with breast milk feeding may harm the child. Therefore, Glimepiride must not be taken by breastfeeding women. Either a changeover or complete discontinuation of breastfeeding is necessary.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdosage of sulfonylureas, including Glimepiride, can produce hypoglycaemia. Mild hypoglycaemic symptoms without loss of consciousness or neurologic findings should be treated aggressively with oral glucose and adjustments in drug dosage or meal patterns. Close monitoring should continue until the physician is assured that the patient is out of danger. Severe hypoglycaemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment occur infrequently, but constitute medicai emergencies requiring immediate hospitalization. If hypoglycaemic coma is diagnosed or suspected, the patient should be given a rapid intravenous injection of  concentrated (50%) glucose solution. This should be followed by a continuous infusion of a more dilute (10%) glucose solution at a rate that will maintain the blood glucose at a level above 100 mg/dl. Patients should be closely monitored for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours, because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

    Temixil

    Temazepam
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Benzodiazepine antagonist

    Indications

    Insomnia and sleep disturbances

    Indication detailsView
    Temazepam is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7 to 10 days). For patients with short-term insomnia, instructions in the prescription should indicate that Temazepam should be used for short periods of time (7 to 10 days). The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were 2 weeks in duration with the final formal assessment of sleep latency performed at the end of treatment.
    Therapeutic classView
    Benzodiazepine antagonist, Benzodiazepine hypnotics, Benzodiazepine sedatives
    PharmacologyView
    Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human body. When GABA binds to GABA(a) receptors found in neuron synapses, chloride ions are conducted across neuron cell membranes via an ion channel in the receptors. With enough chloride ions conducted, the local, associated neuron membrane potentials are hyperpolarized - making it more difficult or less likely for action potentials to fire, ultimately resulting in less excitation of the neurons.

    Subsequently, benzodiazepines like temazepam can bind to benzodiazepine receptors that are components of various varieties of GABA(a) receptors. This binding acts to enhance the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA(a) receptor, which ultimately enhances GABA ligand binding at the receptors. This enhanced ligand binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the receptors increases the aforementioned chloride ion conduction (perhaps reportedly via an increase in the frequency of the chloride channel opening), resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the associated neuron cells. Combined with the notion that such benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, this activity consequently facilitates various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action
    DosageView
    While the recommended usual adult dose is 15 mg before retiring, 7.5 mg may be sufficient for some patients, and others may need 30 mg. In transient insomnia, a 7.5 mg dose may be sufficient to improve sleep latency. In elderly or debilitated patients, it is recommended that therapy be initiated with 7.5 mg until individual responses are determined.

    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effects of temazepam are:
    • drowsiness
    • headache
    • tiredness
    • nervousness
    • dizziness
    • nausea
    ContraindicationsView
    Benzodiazepines may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with the use of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide during the first trimester of pregnancy has been suggested in several studies. Transplacental distribution has resulted in neonatal CNS depression following the ingestion of therapeutic doses of a benzodiazepine hypnotic during the last weeks of pregnancy.

    Reproduction studies in animals with temazepam were performed in rats and rabbits. In a perinatal-postnatal study in rats, oral doses of 60 mg/kg/day resulted in increasing nursling mortality. Teratology studies in rats demonstrated increased fetal resorptions at doses of 30 and 120 mg/kg in one study and increased occurrence of rudimentary ribs, which are considered skeletal variants, in a second study at doses of 240 mg/kg or higher. In rabbits, occasional abnormalities such as exencephaly and fusion or asymmetry of ribs were reported without dose relationship. Although these abnormalities were not found in the concurrent control group, they have been reported to occur randomly in historical controls. At doses of 40 mg/kg or higher, there was an increased incidence of the 13th rib variant when compared to the incidence in concurrent and historical controls.

    Temazepam is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Patients should be instructed to discontinue the drug prior to becoming pregnant. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered.
    PrecautionsView
    Since the risk of the development of oversedation, dizziness, confusion, and/or ataxia increases substantially with larger doses of benzodiazepines in elderly and debilitated patients, 7.5 mg of temazepam is recommended as the initial dosage for such patients. Temazepam should be administered with caution in severely depressed patients or those in whom there is any evidence of latent depression; it should be recognized that suicidal tendencies may be present and protective measures may be necessary. The usual precautions should be observed in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function and in patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency. If temazepam is to be combined with other drugs having known hypnotic properties or CNS-depressant effects, consideration should be given to potential additive effects. The possibility of a synergistic effect exists with the co-administration of temazepam and diphenhydramine. One case of stillbirth at term has been reported 8 hours after a pregnant patient received temazepam and diphenhydramine. A cause and effect relationship has not yet been determined.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category X. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when temazepam is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Store temazepam at room temperature, 20° to 25°C. Keep temazepam and all medicines out of reach of children.

    Temnor

    Paracetamol
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
    • Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.
    Extended Release Tablet:
    • Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.
    Syrup/Suspension:
    • Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    Suppository:
    • Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
    • Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
    • Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
    • Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.
    Paediatric Drop:
    • Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
    • 4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
    • 7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.
    Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.
    • Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
    • Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.
    InteractionsView
    Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temnor Plus

    Paracetamol + Caffeine
    Tablet 500 mg+65 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    The is indicated in the following condition-
    • Headache
    • Migraine
    • Toothache
    • Neuralgia
    • Feverishness
    • Period pain
    • Sore throat
    • Backache
    • Help to reduce the temperature
    • Aches and pain of colds and flu
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    This is a combination of Paracetamol and Caffeine. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid which is a theophylline-like xanthine derivative. By intermolecular association with Paracetamol, Caffeine increases the solubility and transmembrane permeation of Paracetamol. In addition, Caffeine increases the pain threshold and tolerance of pain. Caffeine has also an intrinsic power to raise vessel tone in the brain, which provides another benefit to treat migraine and headache.
    DosageView
    Adult dose: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours. Maximum dose: 8 tablets daily.
    Child dose: Not recommended for children below 12 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    Paracetamol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal function impairment and hepatic disease (Viral Hepatitis). Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or caffeine.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol & Caffeine should be given cautiously in the following cases: In patients with hepatic or renal failure, in patients taking other hepatotoxic medication. Prolonged use of the drug without consulting a physician should be avoided.
    InteractionsView
    May reduce serum levels with anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine). May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins with prolonged use. Accelerated absorption with metoclopramide and domperidone. May increase serum levels with probenecid. May increase serum levels of chloramphenicol. May reduce absorption with colestyramine within 1 hr of admin. May cause severe hypothermia with phenothiazine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnant mothers should consult with doctors before taking Paracetamol & Caffeine. Paracetamol & Caffeine can be taken whilst breast feeding.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 40 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light and moisture.Keep all medicines out of the reach of the children.

    Temoket

    Ketorolac Tromethamine
    IM/IV Injection 30 mg/ml Allopathic Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Indications

    Soft tissue inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
    DosageView

    Tablet-

    Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

    Injection-

    Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

    Single-Dose Treatment-
    IM Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
    IV Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
    IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):
    • IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
    • IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
    Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-
    • Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
    • Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
    Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
    Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
    ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
    Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temoket

    Ketorolac Tromethamine
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Indications

    Soft tissue inflammation

    Indication detailsView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
    DosageView

    Tablet-

    Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

    Injection-

    Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

    Single-Dose Treatment-
    IM Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
    IV Dosing (Adult):
    • Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
    • Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
    IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):
    • IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
    • IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
    Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-
    • Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
    • Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
    ContraindicationsView
    Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
    InteractionsView
    Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
    Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
    Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
    ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
    Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temol

    Paracetamol
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
    • Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.
    Extended Release Tablet:
    • Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.
    Syrup/Suspension:
    • Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    Suppository:
    • Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
    • Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
    • Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
    • Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.
    Paediatric Drop:
    • Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
    • 4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
    • 7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.
    Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.
    • Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
    • Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.
    InteractionsView
    Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temol

    Paracetamol
    Oral Suspension 120 mg/5 ml Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
    • Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.
    Extended Release Tablet:
    • Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.
    Syrup/Suspension:
    • Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    Suppository:
    • Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
    • Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
    • Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
    • Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.
    Paediatric Drop:
    • Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
    • 4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
    • 7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.
    Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.
    • Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
    • Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.
    InteractionsView
    Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temol Extra

    Paracetamol + Caffeine
    Tablet 500 mg+65 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    The is indicated in the following condition-
    • Headache
    • Migraine
    • Toothache
    • Neuralgia
    • Feverishness
    • Period pain
    • Sore throat
    • Backache
    • Help to reduce the temperature
    • Aches and pain of colds and flu
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    This is a combination of Paracetamol and Caffeine. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid which is a theophylline-like xanthine derivative. By intermolecular association with Paracetamol, Caffeine increases the solubility and transmembrane permeation of Paracetamol. In addition, Caffeine increases the pain threshold and tolerance of pain. Caffeine has also an intrinsic power to raise vessel tone in the brain, which provides another benefit to treat migraine and headache.
    DosageView
    Adult dose: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours. Maximum dose: 8 tablets daily.
    Child dose: Not recommended for children below 12 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    Paracetamol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal function impairment and hepatic disease (Viral Hepatitis). Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or caffeine.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol & Caffeine should be given cautiously in the following cases: In patients with hepatic or renal failure, in patients taking other hepatotoxic medication. Prolonged use of the drug without consulting a physician should be avoided.
    InteractionsView
    May reduce serum levels with anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine). May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins with prolonged use. Accelerated absorption with metoclopramide and domperidone. May increase serum levels with probenecid. May increase serum levels of chloramphenicol. May reduce absorption with colestyramine within 1 hr of admin. May cause severe hypothermia with phenothiazine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnant mothers should consult with doctors before taking Paracetamol & Caffeine. Paracetamol & Caffeine can be taken whilst breast feeding.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 40 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light and moisture.Keep all medicines out of the reach of the children.

    Temolina

    Linagliptin
    Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

    Indications

    Type 2 DM

    Indication detailsView
    Linagliptin is indicated in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control in adults.
    • As monotherapy: in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindicated due to renal impairment.
    • As combination therapy: in combination with metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control in combination with a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control.
    Therapeutic classView
    Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
    PharmacologyView
    Linagliptin is indicated to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4), an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Thus, Linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones, stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta (β) cells in a glucose-dependent manner and decreasing the secretion of glucagon from pancreatic alpha (α) cells in the circulation.
    DosageView
    Linagliptin 5 mg once daily. If added to metformin, the dose of metformin should be maintained and linagliptin administered concomitantly. When used in combination with a sulfonylurea, a lower dose of the sulphonylurea may be considered to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.

    Patients with renal impairment: No dose adjustment required. Linagliptin can be taken with or without a meal at any time of the day.
    Side effectsView
    There may be hypoglycaemia, nasopharyngitis, cough and pancreatitis in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    PrecautionsView
    Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
    InteractionsView
    Linagliptin is a weak competitive and a weak to moderate mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP isozyme CYP3A4, but does not inhibit other CYP isozymes. The risk for clinically meaningful interactions by other medicinal products on linagliptin is low and in clinical studies linagliptin had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin, glyburide, simvastatin, warfarin, digoxin or oral contraceptives.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. So, Linagliptin tablets should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known whether Linagliptin passes into breast milk or not.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Temonix

    Temozolomide
    Capsule 250 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

    Indications

    Metastatic melanoma

    Indication detailsView
    Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Temozolomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment.

    Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma: Temozolomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with refractory anaplastic astrocytoma, i.e., patients who have experienced disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
    PharmacologyView
    Temozolomide, a triazene, is an inactive prodrug. It is chemically hydrolysed to 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), the active metabolite of dacarbazine. The cytotoxicity of MTIC is believed to be due alkylation of DNA, mainly at the O6 and N7 positions of guanine.
    DosageView
    Newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for 42 days concomitant with focal radiotherapy followed by initial maintenance dose of 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup> once daily for Days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle of Temozolomide for 6 cycles

    Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma: Initial dose 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup> once daily for 5 consecutive days per 28-day treatment cycle. 

    The recommended dose for Temozolomide as an intravenous infusion over 90 minutes is the same as the dose for the oral capsule formulation. Bioequivalence has been established only when Temozolomide for Injection was given over 90 minutes
    AdministrationView
    Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hr before meals.
    Side effectsView
    Nausea, vomiting, taste perversion, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, stomatitis, anorexia, headache, fatigue, convulsions, dizziness, memory impairment, impaired concentration, tremors, blurred vision, hearing impairment, speech disorder, rash, infection, oral candidiasis, dyspnoea, coughing, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anaemia, hyperglycemia, decreased wt, insomnia, anxiety, alopecia, muscle weakness, urinary incontinence, increased alanine aminotransferase. Rarely, myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary malignancies.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to dacarbazine. Severe myelosupression. Pregnancy.
    PrecautionsView
    Severe hepatic and renal impairment. Elderly >70 yr, children. Women of child bearing potential should avoid becoming pregnant during therapy. Males should be advised not to father a child up to 6 mth after treatment and to consider cryoconservation of sperms due to possibility of irreversible infertility. Unknown if distributed into breastmilk, discontinue nursing due to potential risk. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Swallow capsules whole with a full glass of water on an empty stomach or at bedtime. Do not take a 2nd dose if capsules are vomited. Monitor CBC wkly during concomitant therapy and on day 22 of each 28 day treatment cycle, followed by wkly blood count until recovery. Hepatitis screening and prophylactic therapy with antiviral agents as clinically indicated to be considered. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci (or Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (PCP) needed for all patients receiving concomitant temozolomide and radiation therapy for the 42-day regimen; if patients experience lymphocytopenia during the concomitant phase of therapy, PCP prophylaxis should be continued until recovery from lymphocytopenia. Monitor closely for PCP development in all patients. Anti-emetic prophylaxis recommended.
    InteractionsView
    Reduced effectiveness of vaccines and generalised infection may occur in patients immunised with live vaccines. Decreased temozolomide clearance with valproic acid.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants and tumorigenicity shown for temozolomide in animal studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of Temozolomide to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of temozolomide did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they responded differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

    Renal Impairment: Caution should be exercised when temozolomide is administered to patients with severe renal impairment

    Hepatic Impairment: Caution should be exercised when temozolomide is administered to patients with severe hepatic impairment
    Overdose effectsView
    Doses of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/m2 (total dose per cycle over 5 days) have been evaluated clinically in patients. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic and was reported with any dose but is expected to be more severe at higher doses. An overdose of 2000 mg per day for 5 days was taken by one patient and the adverse reactions reported were pancytopenia, pyrexia, multi-organ failure, and death. There are reports of patients who have taken more than 5 days of treatment (up to 64 days), with adverse reactions reported including bone marrow suppression, which in some cases was severe and prolonged, and infections and resulted in death. In the event of an overdose, hematologic evaluation is needed. Supportive measures should be provided as necessary.
    StorageView
    Store at 15-30° C.

    Temonix

    Temozolomide
    Capsule 100 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

    Indications

    Metastatic melanoma

    Indication detailsView
    Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Temozolomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment.

    Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma: Temozolomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with refractory anaplastic astrocytoma, i.e., patients who have experienced disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
    PharmacologyView
    Temozolomide, a triazene, is an inactive prodrug. It is chemically hydrolysed to 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), the active metabolite of dacarbazine. The cytotoxicity of MTIC is believed to be due alkylation of DNA, mainly at the O6 and N7 positions of guanine.
    DosageView
    Newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for 42 days concomitant with focal radiotherapy followed by initial maintenance dose of 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup> once daily for Days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle of Temozolomide for 6 cycles

    Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma: Initial dose 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup> once daily for 5 consecutive days per 28-day treatment cycle. 

    The recommended dose for Temozolomide as an intravenous infusion over 90 minutes is the same as the dose for the oral capsule formulation. Bioequivalence has been established only when Temozolomide for Injection was given over 90 minutes
    AdministrationView
    Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hr before meals.
    Side effectsView
    Nausea, vomiting, taste perversion, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, stomatitis, anorexia, headache, fatigue, convulsions, dizziness, memory impairment, impaired concentration, tremors, blurred vision, hearing impairment, speech disorder, rash, infection, oral candidiasis, dyspnoea, coughing, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anaemia, hyperglycemia, decreased wt, insomnia, anxiety, alopecia, muscle weakness, urinary incontinence, increased alanine aminotransferase. Rarely, myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary malignancies.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to dacarbazine. Severe myelosupression. Pregnancy.
    PrecautionsView
    Severe hepatic and renal impairment. Elderly >70 yr, children. Women of child bearing potential should avoid becoming pregnant during therapy. Males should be advised not to father a child up to 6 mth after treatment and to consider cryoconservation of sperms due to possibility of irreversible infertility. Unknown if distributed into breastmilk, discontinue nursing due to potential risk. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Swallow capsules whole with a full glass of water on an empty stomach or at bedtime. Do not take a 2nd dose if capsules are vomited. Monitor CBC wkly during concomitant therapy and on day 22 of each 28 day treatment cycle, followed by wkly blood count until recovery. Hepatitis screening and prophylactic therapy with antiviral agents as clinically indicated to be considered. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci (or Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (PCP) needed for all patients receiving concomitant temozolomide and radiation therapy for the 42-day regimen; if patients experience lymphocytopenia during the concomitant phase of therapy, PCP prophylaxis should be continued until recovery from lymphocytopenia. Monitor closely for PCP development in all patients. Anti-emetic prophylaxis recommended.
    InteractionsView
    Reduced effectiveness of vaccines and generalised infection may occur in patients immunised with live vaccines. Decreased temozolomide clearance with valproic acid.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants and tumorigenicity shown for temozolomide in animal studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of Temozolomide to the mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of temozolomide did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they responded differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

    Renal Impairment: Caution should be exercised when temozolomide is administered to patients with severe renal impairment

    Hepatic Impairment: Caution should be exercised when temozolomide is administered to patients with severe hepatic impairment
    Overdose effectsView
    Doses of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/m2 (total dose per cycle over 5 days) have been evaluated clinically in patients. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic and was reported with any dose but is expected to be more severe at higher doses. An overdose of 2000 mg per day for 5 days was taken by one patient and the adverse reactions reported were pancytopenia, pyrexia, multi-organ failure, and death. There are reports of patients who have taken more than 5 days of treatment (up to 64 days), with adverse reactions reported including bone marrow suppression, which in some cases was severe and prolonged, and infections and resulted in death. In the event of an overdose, hematologic evaluation is needed. Supportive measures should be provided as necessary.
    StorageView
    Store at 15-30° C.