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Ace XR

Paracetamol

Tablet (Extended Release) 665 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

Indications

Toothache

Indication detailsView

Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.

Therapeutic classView

Non opioid analgesics

PharmacologyView

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.

DosageView

Tablet:

Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.

Extended Release Tablet:

Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.

Syrup/Suspension:

Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.

Suppository:

Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.

Paediatric Drop:

Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.

Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.

Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.

Side effectsView

Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.

PrecautionsView

Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

InteractionsView

Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acebid

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acecard

Ramipril

Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events

Indication detailsView

Ramipril indicated in the following cases:

Hypertension; to lower blood pressure, as single-drug therapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Congestive heart failure; also in combination with diuretics.
Treatment of patients who- within the first few days after an acute myocardial infarction- have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of non-diabetic or diabetic overt glomerular or incipient nephropathy.
Reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, such as manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history of myocardial infarction), a history of stroke, a history of peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (microalbuminuria, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking).

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Thus ramipril exerts its antihypertensive activity. It is also effective in the management of heart failure and reduction of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular events. It is long acting and well tolerated; so, can be used in long term therapy.

DosageView

Dosage of Ramipril must be adjusted according to the patient tolerance and response.

Hypertension: For the management of hypertension in adults not receiving a diuretic, the usual initial dose of Ramipril is 1.25-2.5 mg once daily. Dosage generally is adjusted no more rapidly than at 2 week intervals. The usual maintenance dosage in adults is 2.5-20 mg daily given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses daily. If BP is not controlled with Ramipril alone, a diuretic may be added.

Congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction: In this case, Ramipril therapy may be initiated as early as 2 days after myocardial infarction. An initial dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended, but if hypotension occurs, dose should be reduced to 1.25 mg twice daily. Therapy is then titrated to a target daily dose of 5 mg twice daily.

Prevention of major cardiovascular events: In this case, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily for the first week of therapy and 5 mg once daily for the following 3 weeks; dosage then may be increased, as tolerated, to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg once daily.

Dosage in renal impairment:

For patients with hypertension and renal impairment: The recommended initial dose is 1.25 mg Ramipril once daily. Subsequent dosage should be titrated according to individual tolerance and BP response, up to a maximum of 5 mg daily.
For patients with heart failure and renal impairment: The recommended dose is 1.25 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 1.25 mg twice daily and up to a maximum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily depending upon clinical response and tolerability.

AdministrationView

Ramipril tablets have to be swallowed with sufficient amounts of liquid. The tablets must not be chewed or crushed. Absorption of Ramipril is not significantly affected by food. Ramipril may, therefore, be taken before, during or after a meal.

Side effectsView

Ramipril is generally well tolerated. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and asthenia are commonly reported side effects. Other side effects occurring less frequently include symptomatic hypotension, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, urticaria, oliguria, anxiety, amnesia etc. Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylactic reactions and hyperkalaemia have also been reported rarely.

ContraindicationsView

Ramipril must not be used

in patients with hypersensitivity to ramipril, to any other ACE inhibitor, or any of the excipients of Ramipril.
in patients with a history of angioedema.
concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Do not initiate Ramipril until sacubitril/valsartan is eliminated from the body. In case of switch from Ramipril to sacubitril/valsartan, do not start sacubitril/valsartan until Ramipril is eliminated from the body.
in patients with haemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis, bilateral or unilateral in the single kidney.
in patients with hypotensive or haemodynamically unstable states.
with aliskiren-containing medicines in patients with diabetes or with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min).
with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
during pregnancy.

Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and extracorporeal treatments leading to contact of blood with negatively charged surfaces must be avoided, since such use may lead to severe anaphylactoid reactions. Such extracorporeal treatments include dialysis or haemofiltration with certain high-fux (e.g. polyacrylonitril) membranes and low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran sulfate.

PrecautionsView

Ramipril should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and impaired hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Concomitant administration with diuretics may lead to serious hypotension and in addition dangerous hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics. Concomitant therapy with lithium may increase the serum lithium concentration. Reduction in BP may affect the ability to drive and operate machinery and this may be exacerbated by alcohol. NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Ramipril and cause deterioration of renal function.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Ramipril must not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment. Pregnancy must be avoided in cases where treatment with ACE inhibitors is indispensable. If the patient intends to become pregnant, treatment with ACE inhibitors must be discontinued, i.e. replaced by another form of treatment. If the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, medication with Ramipril must be replaced as soon as possible by a treatment regimen without ACE inhibitors. Otherwise, there is a risk of harm to the fetus. Ramipril is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly: A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Hepatic impairment: Treatment in these patients must therefore be initiated only under close medical supervision. The maximum permitted daily dose in such cases is 2.5 mg Ramipril.

Renal impairment: With a creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, the initial daily dose is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril. The maximum permitted daily dose, in this case, is 5 mg Ramipril. Patients with incompletely corrected fuid or salt depletion, in patients with severe hypertension, as well as in patients in whom a hypotensive reaction would constitute a particular risk, (e.g., with relevant stenoses of the coronary vessels or those supplying the brain) A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Patients pretreated with a diuretic: Consideration must be given to discontinuing the diuretic for at least 2 to 3 days or- depending on the duration of action of the diuretic- longer before starting treatment with Ramipril, or at least to reducing the diuretic dose. The initial daily dose in patients previously treated with a diuretic is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril.

Overdose effectsView

Sign and symptom: Overdosage may cause excessive peripheral vasodilatation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal failure.

Management: Primary detoxifcation by, for example, gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, sodium sulfate; (if possible during the frst 30 minutes). In the event of hypotension administration of α1-adrenergic agonists (e.g. norepinephrine, dopamine) or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide), which is usually available only in scattered research laboratories, must be considered in addition to volume and salt substitution.

StorageView

Store at 30° or below, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Acecard

Ramipril

Tablet 2.5 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events

Indication detailsView

Ramipril indicated in the following cases:

Hypertension; to lower blood pressure, as single-drug therapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Congestive heart failure; also in combination with diuretics.
Treatment of patients who- within the first few days after an acute myocardial infarction- have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of non-diabetic or diabetic overt glomerular or incipient nephropathy.
Reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, such as manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history of myocardial infarction), a history of stroke, a history of peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (microalbuminuria, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking).

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Thus ramipril exerts its antihypertensive activity. It is also effective in the management of heart failure and reduction of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular events. It is long acting and well tolerated; so, can be used in long term therapy.

DosageView

Dosage of Ramipril must be adjusted according to the patient tolerance and response.

Hypertension: For the management of hypertension in adults not receiving a diuretic, the usual initial dose of Ramipril is 1.25-2.5 mg once daily. Dosage generally is adjusted no more rapidly than at 2 week intervals. The usual maintenance dosage in adults is 2.5-20 mg daily given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses daily. If BP is not controlled with Ramipril alone, a diuretic may be added.

Congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction: In this case, Ramipril therapy may be initiated as early as 2 days after myocardial infarction. An initial dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended, but if hypotension occurs, dose should be reduced to 1.25 mg twice daily. Therapy is then titrated to a target daily dose of 5 mg twice daily.

Prevention of major cardiovascular events: In this case, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily for the first week of therapy and 5 mg once daily for the following 3 weeks; dosage then may be increased, as tolerated, to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg once daily.

Dosage in renal impairment:

For patients with hypertension and renal impairment: The recommended initial dose is 1.25 mg Ramipril once daily. Subsequent dosage should be titrated according to individual tolerance and BP response, up to a maximum of 5 mg daily.
For patients with heart failure and renal impairment: The recommended dose is 1.25 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 1.25 mg twice daily and up to a maximum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily depending upon clinical response and tolerability.

AdministrationView

Ramipril tablets have to be swallowed with sufficient amounts of liquid. The tablets must not be chewed or crushed. Absorption of Ramipril is not significantly affected by food. Ramipril may, therefore, be taken before, during or after a meal.

Side effectsView

Ramipril is generally well tolerated. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and asthenia are commonly reported side effects. Other side effects occurring less frequently include symptomatic hypotension, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, urticaria, oliguria, anxiety, amnesia etc. Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylactic reactions and hyperkalaemia have also been reported rarely.

ContraindicationsView

Ramipril must not be used

in patients with hypersensitivity to ramipril, to any other ACE inhibitor, or any of the excipients of Ramipril.
in patients with a history of angioedema.
concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Do not initiate Ramipril until sacubitril/valsartan is eliminated from the body. In case of switch from Ramipril to sacubitril/valsartan, do not start sacubitril/valsartan until Ramipril is eliminated from the body.
in patients with haemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis, bilateral or unilateral in the single kidney.
in patients with hypotensive or haemodynamically unstable states.
with aliskiren-containing medicines in patients with diabetes or with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min).
with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
during pregnancy.

Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and extracorporeal treatments leading to contact of blood with negatively charged surfaces must be avoided, since such use may lead to severe anaphylactoid reactions. Such extracorporeal treatments include dialysis or haemofiltration with certain high-fux (e.g. polyacrylonitril) membranes and low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran sulfate.

PrecautionsView

Ramipril should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and impaired hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Concomitant administration with diuretics may lead to serious hypotension and in addition dangerous hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics. Concomitant therapy with lithium may increase the serum lithium concentration. Reduction in BP may affect the ability to drive and operate machinery and this may be exacerbated by alcohol. NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Ramipril and cause deterioration of renal function.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Ramipril must not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment. Pregnancy must be avoided in cases where treatment with ACE inhibitors is indispensable. If the patient intends to become pregnant, treatment with ACE inhibitors must be discontinued, i.e. replaced by another form of treatment. If the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, medication with Ramipril must be replaced as soon as possible by a treatment regimen without ACE inhibitors. Otherwise, there is a risk of harm to the fetus. Ramipril is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly: A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Hepatic impairment: Treatment in these patients must therefore be initiated only under close medical supervision. The maximum permitted daily dose in such cases is 2.5 mg Ramipril.

Renal impairment: With a creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, the initial daily dose is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril. The maximum permitted daily dose, in this case, is 5 mg Ramipril. Patients with incompletely corrected fuid or salt depletion, in patients with severe hypertension, as well as in patients in whom a hypotensive reaction would constitute a particular risk, (e.g., with relevant stenoses of the coronary vessels or those supplying the brain) A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Patients pretreated with a diuretic: Consideration must be given to discontinuing the diuretic for at least 2 to 3 days or- depending on the duration of action of the diuretic- longer before starting treatment with Ramipril, or at least to reducing the diuretic dose. The initial daily dose in patients previously treated with a diuretic is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril.

Overdose effectsView

Sign and symptom: Overdosage may cause excessive peripheral vasodilatation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal failure.

Management: Primary detoxifcation by, for example, gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, sodium sulfate; (if possible during the frst 30 minutes). In the event of hypotension administration of α1-adrenergic agonists (e.g. norepinephrine, dopamine) or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide), which is usually available only in scattered research laboratories, must be considered in addition to volume and salt substitution.

StorageView

Store at 30° or below, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Acecard

Ramipril

Tablet 1.25 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events

Indication detailsView

Ramipril indicated in the following cases:

Hypertension; to lower blood pressure, as single-drug therapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Congestive heart failure; also in combination with diuretics.
Treatment of patients who- within the first few days after an acute myocardial infarction- have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of non-diabetic or diabetic overt glomerular or incipient nephropathy.
Reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, such as manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history of myocardial infarction), a history of stroke, a history of peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (microalbuminuria, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking).

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Thus ramipril exerts its antihypertensive activity. It is also effective in the management of heart failure and reduction of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular events. It is long acting and well tolerated; so, can be used in long term therapy.

DosageView

Dosage of Ramipril must be adjusted according to the patient tolerance and response.

Hypertension: For the management of hypertension in adults not receiving a diuretic, the usual initial dose of Ramipril is 1.25-2.5 mg once daily. Dosage generally is adjusted no more rapidly than at 2 week intervals. The usual maintenance dosage in adults is 2.5-20 mg daily given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses daily. If BP is not controlled with Ramipril alone, a diuretic may be added.

Congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction: In this case, Ramipril therapy may be initiated as early as 2 days after myocardial infarction. An initial dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended, but if hypotension occurs, dose should be reduced to 1.25 mg twice daily. Therapy is then titrated to a target daily dose of 5 mg twice daily.

Prevention of major cardiovascular events: In this case, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily for the first week of therapy and 5 mg once daily for the following 3 weeks; dosage then may be increased, as tolerated, to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg once daily.

Dosage in renal impairment:

For patients with hypertension and renal impairment: The recommended initial dose is 1.25 mg Ramipril once daily. Subsequent dosage should be titrated according to individual tolerance and BP response, up to a maximum of 5 mg daily.
For patients with heart failure and renal impairment: The recommended dose is 1.25 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 1.25 mg twice daily and up to a maximum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily depending upon clinical response and tolerability.

AdministrationView

Ramipril tablets have to be swallowed with sufficient amounts of liquid. The tablets must not be chewed or crushed. Absorption of Ramipril is not significantly affected by food. Ramipril may, therefore, be taken before, during or after a meal.

Side effectsView

Ramipril is generally well tolerated. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and asthenia are commonly reported side effects. Other side effects occurring less frequently include symptomatic hypotension, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, urticaria, oliguria, anxiety, amnesia etc. Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylactic reactions and hyperkalaemia have also been reported rarely.

ContraindicationsView

Ramipril must not be used

in patients with hypersensitivity to ramipril, to any other ACE inhibitor, or any of the excipients of Ramipril.
in patients with a history of angioedema.
concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Do not initiate Ramipril until sacubitril/valsartan is eliminated from the body. In case of switch from Ramipril to sacubitril/valsartan, do not start sacubitril/valsartan until Ramipril is eliminated from the body.
in patients with haemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis, bilateral or unilateral in the single kidney.
in patients with hypotensive or haemodynamically unstable states.
with aliskiren-containing medicines in patients with diabetes or with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min).
with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
during pregnancy.

Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and extracorporeal treatments leading to contact of blood with negatively charged surfaces must be avoided, since such use may lead to severe anaphylactoid reactions. Such extracorporeal treatments include dialysis or haemofiltration with certain high-fux (e.g. polyacrylonitril) membranes and low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran sulfate.

PrecautionsView

Ramipril should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and impaired hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Concomitant administration with diuretics may lead to serious hypotension and in addition dangerous hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics. Concomitant therapy with lithium may increase the serum lithium concentration. Reduction in BP may affect the ability to drive and operate machinery and this may be exacerbated by alcohol. NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Ramipril and cause deterioration of renal function.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Ramipril must not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment. Pregnancy must be avoided in cases where treatment with ACE inhibitors is indispensable. If the patient intends to become pregnant, treatment with ACE inhibitors must be discontinued, i.e. replaced by another form of treatment. If the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, medication with Ramipril must be replaced as soon as possible by a treatment regimen without ACE inhibitors. Otherwise, there is a risk of harm to the fetus. Ramipril is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly: A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Hepatic impairment: Treatment in these patients must therefore be initiated only under close medical supervision. The maximum permitted daily dose in such cases is 2.5 mg Ramipril.

Renal impairment: With a creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, the initial daily dose is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril. The maximum permitted daily dose, in this case, is 5 mg Ramipril. Patients with incompletely corrected fuid or salt depletion, in patients with severe hypertension, as well as in patients in whom a hypotensive reaction would constitute a particular risk, (e.g., with relevant stenoses of the coronary vessels or those supplying the brain) A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Patients pretreated with a diuretic: Consideration must be given to discontinuing the diuretic for at least 2 to 3 days or- depending on the duration of action of the diuretic- longer before starting treatment with Ramipril, or at least to reducing the diuretic dose. The initial daily dose in patients previously treated with a diuretic is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril.

Overdose effectsView

Sign and symptom: Overdosage may cause excessive peripheral vasodilatation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal failure.

Management: Primary detoxifcation by, for example, gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, sodium sulfate; (if possible during the frst 30 minutes). In the event of hypotension administration of α1-adrenergic agonists (e.g. norepinephrine, dopamine) or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide), which is usually available only in scattered research laboratories, must be considered in addition to volume and salt substitution.

StorageView

Store at 30° or below, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Aceclof

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Aceclofen

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Aceclora

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acecol

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acedol

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acedol SR

Aceclofenac

Tablet (Sustained Release) 200 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acedone-Z

Aluminium Hydroxide + Magnesium Hydroxide

Chewable Tablet 250 mg+400 mg Allopathic Antacids

Indications

Upper Gl bloating

Indication detailsView

Aluminium Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide is indicated for Hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, gastritis, heartburn, sour stomach & dyspepsia.

Therapeutic classView

Antacids

PharmacologyView

This drug is well-balanced combination of essential non-systemic antacids which excel in efficacy and palatability. These are dependable antacid preparations without acid rebound, constipating or cathertic effects. Both the preparations provide symptomatic relief of hyperacidity associated with heartburn, acid ingestion or sour stomach.

Aluminium hydroxide gel, a slow acting antacid and an adsorbent with prolonged effect, has high neutralizing power. Magnesium Hydroxide possesses a slow but sustained acid neutralizing property. Antacids of both tablet and suspension possess adsorbent property. They form a protecting coating over the ulcer surface facilitating its healing; thus protecting the sensitive mucosa of stomach and duodenum from further irritation.

DosageView

Tablet: Two tablets 1-3 hours after meal and at bed time or as directed by the physician.

Suspension: 2 tea spoonful 1-3 hours after meal and at bed time or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Long term use of any antacid results in alkaluria, which may predispose to nephrolithiasis by forming precipitation of calcium phosphate.

ContraindicationsView

This is contraindicated in hypophosphataemia. It is also contraindicated in alkalosis and hypermagnesaemia where abdominal distention may be due to partial or complete intestinal obstruction.

PrecautionsView

Antacids reduce the absorption of tetracycline when given concomitantly. These should not be used concomitantly

InteractionsView

This drug inhibits the absorption of following drugs: Azithromycin, cefpodoxime, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, rifampicin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pivampicillin, tetracyclines, Gabapentin and phenytoin, Itraconazole, ketoconazole, Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and Phenothiazines.

Pregnancy & lactationView

It is advised to avoid antacid preparations in the first trimester of pregnancy.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acedone-Z Plus

Aluminium Hydroxide + Magnesium Hydroxide + Simethicone

Chewable Tablet 400 mg+400 mg+30 mg Allopathic Antacids

Indications

Upper Gl bloating

Indication detailsView

This is indicated for symptomatic relief of hyperacidity associated with the peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic oesophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, heartburn, sour stomach or hiatus hernia. It is effective in the prevention of stress ulceration and GI bleeding. It acts as an antiflatulent to alleviate the symptoms of gas including post operative gas pain. This rapidly relieves acid pain, disperses gastric foam and facilitates eructation of gas and air.

Therapeutic classView

Antacids

PharmacologyView

This is the mixture of non-systemic acid neutralizing substances and antiflatulent. This preparation offers reliability as well as long action. Aluminium Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide induce the relief of ulcer by neutralizing gastric acid secreted from parietal cells of the stomach. The clinical use of simethicone is based on its antifoam properties. Simethicone spreads on the surface of aqueous liquids, forming a film of low surface tension and causing collapse of foam bubbles. Simethicone repeatedly allows mucous surrounded gas bubbles in the GI tract to coalesce and be expelled.

This is used in the treatment of flatulence and meteorism for the elimination of gas, air or foam from the gastro-intestinal tract prior to radiography and for the relief of abdominal distension and dyspepsia.

Simethicone is physiologically inert; it does not appeared to be absorbed from the GI tract to interfere with gastric secretion or absorption of nutrients. Following oral administration, the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.

DosageView

Tablet: 1-2 tablets 1-3 hours after meal and at bed time or as directed by the physician.

Suspension: 1-2 teaspoonful 1-3 hours after meal and at bedtime or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Gastrointestinal side effects are uncommon. Occasionally, if excessive amount is consumed, diarrhea, constipation or regurgitation may occur.

ContraindicationsView

This should not be administered in patients with renal failure or hypophosphataemia or in those who are severely debilitated. It is also contraindicated in alkalosis and hypermagnesaemia, where abdominal distention may be due to partial or complete intestinal obstruction.

PrecautionsView

This should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease.

InteractionsView

All antacids may increase or decrease the rate and/or extent of absorption of concomitantly administered oral drugs. Antacids decrease the bioavailability of theophyline, tetracycline, quinolone antibiotics, isoniazide, ketoconazole, ethambutol, some antimuscarinic drugs, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, ranitidine, indomethacine, nitrofurantoin, fluoride, phosphate, propanolol, atenolol, digoxins, vitamins etc. Antacids increase the bioavailability of some drugs; e.g. sulphonamides, levodopa, valproic acid, enteric coated aspirin etc.

Pregnancy & lactationView

It is advised to avoid antacid preparations in the first trimester of pregnancy.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acedone-Z Plus

Aluminium Hydroxide + Magnesium Hydroxide + Simethicone

Oral Suspension (400 mg+400 mg+30 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Antacids

Indications

Upper Gl bloating

Indication detailsView

This is indicated for symptomatic relief of hyperacidity associated with the peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic oesophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, heartburn, sour stomach or hiatus hernia. It is effective in the prevention of stress ulceration and GI bleeding. It acts as an antiflatulent to alleviate the symptoms of gas including post operative gas pain. This rapidly relieves acid pain, disperses gastric foam and facilitates eructation of gas and air.

Therapeutic classView

Antacids

PharmacologyView

This is the mixture of non-systemic acid neutralizing substances and antiflatulent. This preparation offers reliability as well as long action. Aluminium Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide induce the relief of ulcer by neutralizing gastric acid secreted from parietal cells of the stomach. The clinical use of simethicone is based on its antifoam properties. Simethicone spreads on the surface of aqueous liquids, forming a film of low surface tension and causing collapse of foam bubbles. Simethicone repeatedly allows mucous surrounded gas bubbles in the GI tract to coalesce and be expelled.

This is used in the treatment of flatulence and meteorism for the elimination of gas, air or foam from the gastro-intestinal tract prior to radiography and for the relief of abdominal distension and dyspepsia.

Simethicone is physiologically inert; it does not appeared to be absorbed from the GI tract to interfere with gastric secretion or absorption of nutrients. Following oral administration, the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.

DosageView

Tablet: 1-2 tablets 1-3 hours after meal and at bed time or as directed by the physician.

Suspension: 1-2 teaspoonful 1-3 hours after meal and at bedtime or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Gastrointestinal side effects are uncommon. Occasionally, if excessive amount is consumed, diarrhea, constipation or regurgitation may occur.

ContraindicationsView

This should not be administered in patients with renal failure or hypophosphataemia or in those who are severely debilitated. It is also contraindicated in alkalosis and hypermagnesaemia, where abdominal distention may be due to partial or complete intestinal obstruction.

PrecautionsView

This should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease.

InteractionsView

All antacids may increase or decrease the rate and/or extent of absorption of concomitantly administered oral drugs. Antacids decrease the bioavailability of theophyline, tetracycline, quinolone antibiotics, isoniazide, ketoconazole, ethambutol, some antimuscarinic drugs, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, ranitidine, indomethacine, nitrofurantoin, fluoride, phosphate, propanolol, atenolol, digoxins, vitamins etc. Antacids increase the bioavailability of some drugs; e.g. sulphonamides, levodopa, valproic acid, enteric coated aspirin etc.

Pregnancy & lactationView

It is advised to avoid antacid preparations in the first trimester of pregnancy.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acefenac

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acefra

Cephradine

Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-

Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.

The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:

Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.

DosageView

For oral administration-
Adults:

Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.

Children:

Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm

Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

For injectable administration-

Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.

Side effectsView

Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.

ContraindicationsView

Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.

PrecautionsView

Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

InteractionsView

The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.

Pediatric usageView

Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:

CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.

Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:

250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.

Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.

Overdose effectsView

The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.

StorageView

Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

Acefra

Cephradine

Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-

Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.

The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:

Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.

DosageView

For oral administration-
Adults:

Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.

Children:

Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm

Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

For injectable administration-

Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.

Side effectsView

Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.

ContraindicationsView

Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.

PrecautionsView

Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

InteractionsView

The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.

Pediatric usageView

Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:

CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.

Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:

250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.

Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.

Overdose effectsView

The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.

StorageView

Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

Acegic

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acelex

Cephalexin

Pediatric Drops 125 mg/1.25 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.

Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.

DosageView

Adult:

The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.

Children: The dosage range is 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses to a maximum of 4 g daily

Children's Weight Recommended Dose:

10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid

For streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections and in patients over 1 year of age the total daily dose may be divided and administered every 12 hour. In the therapy of otitis media 75-100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses may be required. In the treatment of β haemolytic streptococcal infections a therapeutic dosage of the drug should be given at least for 10 days.

Side effectsView

Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.

ContraindicationsView

Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

StorageView

Should be stored in cool and dry place.

Acelex

Cephalexin

Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.

Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.

DosageView

Adult:

The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.

Children: The dosage range is 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses to a maximum of 4 g daily

Children's Weight Recommended Dose:

10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid

For streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections and in patients over 1 year of age the total daily dose may be divided and administered every 12 hour. In the therapy of otitis media 75-100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses may be required. In the treatment of β haemolytic streptococcal infections a therapeutic dosage of the drug should be given at least for 10 days.

Side effectsView

Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.

ContraindicationsView

Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

StorageView

Should be stored in cool and dry place.