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Repotyn Max
Amino Acid + Glucose + Electrolytes
Repotyn Max
Amino Acid + Glucose + Electrolytes
Indications
Prevent nitrogen loss
Indication detailsView
This is indicated as a source of amino acids, glucose and electrolytes in adult and pediatric patients needing IV nutrition. This is particularly suitable for patients with basal amino acid requirements.
Therapeutic classView
Parenteral nutritional preparations
PharmacologyView
A crystalline amino acid solution provides crystalline amino acids to promote protein synthesis and wound healing, and to reduce the rate of endogenous protein catabolism. Amino Acids given by central venous infusion in combination with concentrated dextrose, electrolytes, vitamins, trace metals, and ancillary fat supplements, constitutes total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Amino Acids can also be administered by peripheral vein with dextrose and maintenance electrolytes.
DosageView
Adults: The nitrogen requirement for maintenance of body protein mass depends on the patient's condition (nutritional state and degree of metabolic stress). The requirements are 0.10-0.15g nitrogen/kg/day (no or minor metabolic stress and normal nutritional state), 0.15-0.20g nitrogen/kg/day (moderate metabolic stress with or without malnutrition) and up to 0.20-0.25g nitrogen/kg/day (severe catabolism as in burns, sepsis and trauma). The dosage range is 0.10-0.25 g nitrogen/kg/day corresponds to 11-27 ml/kg/day. In obese patients, the dose should be based on the estimated ideal weight. Depending upon the patient’s requirements, 1000-2000 ml may be infused intravenously per 24 hours. This should be infused slowly; at a rate not exceeding 500 ml in 3 hours corresponding to approximately at rates 1.4-2.8 ml (30-60 drops) per minute.
Infants and children: In infants & children, a maximal rate of infusion of 30 ml/kg body weight/day is recommended, with a step-wise increase in the rate of administration during the first week of treatment.
Infants and children: In infants & children, a maximal rate of infusion of 30 ml/kg body weight/day is recommended, with a step-wise increase in the rate of administration during the first week of treatment.
Side effectsView
This preparation is usually well tolerated. Nausea occurs rarely. Vomiting, flushing and sweating have been observed during infusion of the solution at rates exceeding the recommended maximal rate. Transient increases in liver test during intravenous nutrition have been reported. The reasons are at present unclear. The underlying disease and the components and their amount in the intravenous feeding regimens have been suggested. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. As with all hypertonic infusion solution, thrombophlebitis may occur when peripheral veins are used. The incidence may be reduced by the simultaneous infusion of 10% fat emulsion.
ContraindicationsView
This preparation is contraindicated in patients with inborn errors of amino acids metabolism, severe liver damage & severe uremia when dialysis facilities are not available. Due to the content of the glucose, this preparation is contraindicated in patients with hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. This preparation is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Hyperphenylalaninemia has been noted in severely ill, premature infants. In these patients, monitoring of the phenylalanine level is recommended and the infusion rate to be adjusted as needed. This preparation should be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus, severe heart failure or with renal function in combination with fluid restriction or oliguria/anuria of other origin. In patient with hyperglycemia, administration of exogenous insulin might be necessary. Do not use if the solution is turbid or contains particles. Discard any unused portion.
InteractionsView
At the recommended dosage this solution has no pharmacological effect and is expected not to interact with other medicaments.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Successful and safe administration of amino acid solution during pregnancy in human has been reported. Animal reproduction studies have not been carried out with 7% amino acid IV infusion with 10% glucose & electrolytes.
StorageView
Protect from light and store between 15°C to 25°C temperature. Avoid freezing. Keep away from the reach of children.
Repres SR
Indapamide
Repres SR
Indapamide
Indications
Oedema
Indication detailsView
Indapamide is indicated in the treatment of essential hypertension . It is effective in treating hypertension in patients with renal function impairment, although its diuretic effect is reduced. Indapamide is also indicated for the treatment of salt and fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure.
Therapeutic classView
Thiazide diuretics & related drugs
PharmacologyView
Indapamide is a diuretic antihypertensive. It appears to cause vasodilation, probably by inhibiting the passage of calcium and other ions (sodium, potassium) across membranes. It has an extra-renal antihypertensive action resulting in a decrease in vascular hyperreactivity and a reduction in total peripheral and arteriolar resistance.
DosageView
One tablet daily preferably in the morning. In more sever case Indapamide can be combine with other categories of anti-hypertensive agent. The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established
Side effectsView
Side effects of Indapamide include headache, anorexia, gastric irritation,nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea etc.
ContraindicationsView
This drug must not be taken in the following conditions:
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
- Severe renal failure
- Hepatic encephalopathy or severe hepatic failure
- Hypokalaemia
PrecautionsView
Monitoring of potassium and uric acid serum levels is recommended, especially in subjects with a predisposition or sensitivity to hypokalemia and in patients with gout. Although no allergic manifestations have been reported during clinical trials, patients with a history of allergy to sulfonamide derivatives should be closely monitored.
InteractionsView
Other antihypertensive: Indapamide may add to or potentiate the action of other antihypertensive drugs.
Norepinephrine: Indapamide like thiazides, may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Lithium: In general, diuretics should not be given concomitantly with lithium because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity.
Norepinephrine: Indapamide like thiazides, may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Lithium: In general, diuretics should not be given concomitantly with lithium because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and so Indapamide is not recommended. Mothers taking Indapamide should not breast feed.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms: These could include: allergies, skin rashes, epigastric pain, nausea, photosensitivity, dizziness, weakness and paraesthesia.
Treatment: Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, directed at correcting the electrolyte abnormalities.
Treatment: Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, directed at correcting the electrolyte abnormalities.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place. Protect from light and moisture.
Repro
Naproxen Sodium
Repro
Naproxen Sodium
Indications
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Indication detailsView
Naproxen is indicated for the relief of sign and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis & acute gout. It is also indicated for the management of primary dysmenorrhea & pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Naproxen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic properties. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and achieves 95% bioavailability.
DosageView
Naproxen Tablet-
- Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: The usual dose is 500-1000 mg daily in two divided doses after meals.
- Management of pain, primary dysmenorrhea, acute tendonitis & bursitis: Recommended starting dose is 500 mg followed by 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 6-8 hours. The initial total daily dose should not exceed 1250 mg and thereafter, the total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.
- Acute gout: Recommended starting dose is 750 mg followed by 250 mg every 8 hours until the attack has subsided.
- For Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: The usual dose for children over 2 years is 10 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses at 12-hours intervals. Therapy in children under 2 years of age is not recommended.
- Is to be applied 2-6 times a day as required and is not recommended for use in children.
Side effectsView
Most frequently reported side effects include following:
- Gastrointestinal: Heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia.
- Central Nervous System: Headache, vertigo, drowsiness.
- Dermatological: Pruritus (itching), purpura.
- Cardiovascular: Edema, palpitation.
- Others: Visual disturbances, hearing disturbances.
ContraindicationsView
Naproxen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Naproxen. It should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. It is contraindicated for the treatment of perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
InteractionsView
ACE inhibitors: diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors.
Antacids & Sucralfate: delay the absorption of Naproxen.
Aspirin: increase adverse effects.
Diuretics: reduce the natriuretic effect of Furosemide and Thiazides.
Methotrexate: enhance the toxicity of Methotrexate.
Warfarin: increase the risk of GI bleeding.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): increase the risk of GI bleeding.
Antacids & Sucralfate: delay the absorption of Naproxen.
Aspirin: increase adverse effects.
Diuretics: reduce the natriuretic effect of Furosemide and Thiazides.
Methotrexate: enhance the toxicity of Methotrexate.
Warfarin: increase the risk of GI bleeding.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): increase the risk of GI bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Naproxen is C. So, Naproxen should be avoided in pregnancy & lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Reprova
Bepotastine Besilate
Reprova
Bepotastine Besilate
Indications
Conjunctivitis
Indication detailsView
Bepotastine Besilate is indicated for the treatment of itching associated with signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.
Therapeutic classView
Ophthalmic Anti-allergic preparations
PharmacologyView
Bepotastine is direct H1-receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of the release of histamine from mast cells.
DosageView
The recommended dose is 1 drop into the affected eye(s) twice a day. Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 2 years have not been established.
Side effectsView
The most common reported side effect occurring in approximately 25% of subjects was a mild taste following instillation. Other side effects occurring in 2-5% of subjects were eye irritation, headache, and nasopharyngitis.
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to Bepotastine Besilate or any of the other ingredients of this product.
PrecautionsView
To minimize the risk of contamination, do not touch dropper tip to any surface. It should not be used to treat contact lens-related irritation. Patients should be advised not to wear contact lens when using this drop.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions observed but patients who are sensitive to this product molecule should be used with caution.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Lactation: It is not known if Bepotastine Besilate is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing woman.
Lactation: It is not known if Bepotastine Besilate is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
If you use more Bepotastine Besilate eye drops than you should, rinse your eye with warm water. Do not put in any more drops until it is time for your next regular dose. Pharmaceutical Precautions
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place & protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use more than 4 weeks after opening.
Reptylin
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Reptylin
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Indications
Trichotillomania
Indication detailsView
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride is indicated in-
- Depressive Illness: particularly where sedation is required.
- Nocturnal Enuresis in children.
- Prophylaxis of Migraine.
- Tension Headache.
- Chronic Pain.
Therapeutic classView
Tricyclic Anti-depressant
PharmacologyView
The mechanism of action of this drug is not fully elucidated. It is suggested that amitriptyline inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the re-uptake of transmitter amines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain. These amines are important in regulating mood. The monoamine hypothesis in depression, one of the oldest hypotheses, postulates that deficiencies of serotonin (5-HT) and/or norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission in the brain lead to depressive effects. This drug counteracts these mechanisms, and this may be the mechanism of amitriptyline in improving depressive symptoms. Whether its analgesic effects are related to its mood-altering activities or attributable to a different, less obvious pharmacological action (or a combination of both) is unknown.
DosageView
Depression: Initially 75 mg (Elderly and Adolescents 30-75 mg) daily in divided doses or as a single dose at bedtime increased gradually as necessary to 150-200 mg; Child under 16 years not recommended for depression.
Nocturnal Enuresis: Child 7-10 years: 10-20 mg, 11-16 years: 25-50 mg at night; max. period of treatment (including gradual withdrawal) 3 months-full physical examination before the further course.
Prophylaxis of Migraine: 100 mg daily.
Tension Headache: 10-25 mg three times daily.
Nocturnal Enuresis: Child 7-10 years: 10-20 mg, 11-16 years: 25-50 mg at night; max. period of treatment (including gradual withdrawal) 3 months-full physical examination before the further course.
Prophylaxis of Migraine: 100 mg daily.
Tension Headache: 10-25 mg three times daily.
Side effectsView
- Anticholinergic: Excessive perspiration, dry mouth, blurred vision, hyperpyrexia, urinary retention and urinary tract dilatation.
- Cardiovascular reactions: Hypotension, syncope, postural hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, myocardial infarction, etc.
- CNS and Neuromuscular: Confusional states, disturbed concentration, disorientation, delusions, etc.
- Allergic: Skin rash, urticaria, photosensitization, etc.
- Haematological: Bone-marrow depression.
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, unpleasant taste, weight loss, diarrhoea, constipation, etc.
- Endocrine: Testicular swelling, gynaecomastia, breast enlargement, galactorrhoea, etc.
ContraindicationsView
Amitriptyline is contraindicated in myocardial infarction, arrythmias, particularly heart block of any degree, mania and severe liver disease. Initially, sedation may affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.
PrecautionsView
It should be used with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy, glaucoma, urinary retention, cardiac disease, diabetes, pregnancy, hepatic impairment, thyroid disease, increased intra-ocular pressure and psychoses (may aggravate mania).
InteractionsView
TCA enhances the sedative effect of alcohol and opioid analgesics. When TCA is used with Moxifloxacin or Terfenadine, it increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Disulfirum and Cimetidine inhibit the metabolism of Amitriptyline. When TCA is used with diuretics, it enhances the risk of postural hypotension.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Amitriptyline has been shown to cross the placenta. Amitriptyline should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Amitriptyline is excreted into breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Amitriptyline, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture.
Reptylin
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Reptylin
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Indications
Trichotillomania
Indication detailsView
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride is indicated in-
- Depressive Illness: particularly where sedation is required.
- Nocturnal Enuresis in children.
- Prophylaxis of Migraine.
- Tension Headache.
- Chronic Pain.
Therapeutic classView
Tricyclic Anti-depressant
PharmacologyView
The mechanism of action of this drug is not fully elucidated. It is suggested that amitriptyline inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the re-uptake of transmitter amines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain. These amines are important in regulating mood. The monoamine hypothesis in depression, one of the oldest hypotheses, postulates that deficiencies of serotonin (5-HT) and/or norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission in the brain lead to depressive effects. This drug counteracts these mechanisms, and this may be the mechanism of amitriptyline in improving depressive symptoms. Whether its analgesic effects are related to its mood-altering activities or attributable to a different, less obvious pharmacological action (or a combination of both) is unknown.
DosageView
Depression: Initially 75 mg (Elderly and Adolescents 30-75 mg) daily in divided doses or as a single dose at bedtime increased gradually as necessary to 150-200 mg; Child under 16 years not recommended for depression.
Nocturnal Enuresis: Child 7-10 years: 10-20 mg, 11-16 years: 25-50 mg at night; max. period of treatment (including gradual withdrawal) 3 months-full physical examination before the further course.
Prophylaxis of Migraine: 100 mg daily.
Tension Headache: 10-25 mg three times daily.
Nocturnal Enuresis: Child 7-10 years: 10-20 mg, 11-16 years: 25-50 mg at night; max. period of treatment (including gradual withdrawal) 3 months-full physical examination before the further course.
Prophylaxis of Migraine: 100 mg daily.
Tension Headache: 10-25 mg three times daily.
Side effectsView
- Anticholinergic: Excessive perspiration, dry mouth, blurred vision, hyperpyrexia, urinary retention and urinary tract dilatation.
- Cardiovascular reactions: Hypotension, syncope, postural hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, myocardial infarction, etc.
- CNS and Neuromuscular: Confusional states, disturbed concentration, disorientation, delusions, etc.
- Allergic: Skin rash, urticaria, photosensitization, etc.
- Haematological: Bone-marrow depression.
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, unpleasant taste, weight loss, diarrhoea, constipation, etc.
- Endocrine: Testicular swelling, gynaecomastia, breast enlargement, galactorrhoea, etc.
ContraindicationsView
Amitriptyline is contraindicated in myocardial infarction, arrythmias, particularly heart block of any degree, mania and severe liver disease. Initially, sedation may affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.
PrecautionsView
It should be used with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy, glaucoma, urinary retention, cardiac disease, diabetes, pregnancy, hepatic impairment, thyroid disease, increased intra-ocular pressure and psychoses (may aggravate mania).
InteractionsView
TCA enhances the sedative effect of alcohol and opioid analgesics. When TCA is used with Moxifloxacin or Terfenadine, it increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Disulfirum and Cimetidine inhibit the metabolism of Amitriptyline. When TCA is used with diuretics, it enhances the risk of postural hypotension.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Amitriptyline has been shown to cross the placenta. Amitriptyline should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Amitriptyline is excreted into breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Amitriptyline, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture.
Requin
Quinine Sulfate
Requin
Quinine Sulfate
Indications
Nocturnal leg cramps
Indication detailsView
Quinine Sulfate is indicated in-
- Uncomplicated, severe and complicated falciparum malaria
- Falciparum malaria resistant to other drugs
- Prevention of nocturnal muscle cramps
- Alleviation of muscle cramps in Thomsen's disease.
Therapeutic classView
Anti-malarial drugs
PharmacologyView
Quinine is believed to interfere with protein metabolism and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in malarial parasites. Quinine is a highly active blood schizonticide and suppresses the asexual cycle of development of malaria parasites in the erythrocytes. It is effective both as a suppressive drug and in the over clinical attack of malaria.
DosageView
Adult:
- Oral: 600 mg (of quinine salt) every 8 hours for 7 days.
- Parenteral: lf the patient is seriously ill quinine should be given by intravenous infusion. The adult dosage regimen for quinine by infusion is loading dose of 20 mg/kg (up to maximum 1.4 g) of quinine salt infused over 4 hours then after 8-12 hours maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg (up to maximum 700 mg) of quinine salt infused over 4 hours every 8-12 hours (until patient can swallow tablets to complete the 7 days course).
- Oral: Quinine is well tolerated by children. The dosage regimen for quinine by mouth for children is 10 mg/kg (of quinine salt) every 8 hours for 7 days.
- Parenteral: The dosage regimen for quinine by intravenous infusion for children is calculated on a mg/kg basis as for adult.
Side effectsView
Cinchonism which includes tinnitus, headache, nausea and visual disturbances. Hematological disorders and skin reaction may occur.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity reaction, optic neuritis, in case of black water fever etc.
PrecautionsView
Severe heart disease, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, IV injection should be given slowly. Use of Mefloquine with Quinine sulphate may increase the chance of side effects.
Pregnancy & lactationView
In pregnancy, the quinine is not necessarily contraindicated. It is considered to be safe when used in therapeutic dosage in pregnancy. It is excreted in breast milk in insignificant amount which does not discard the use in lactation.
StorageView
Use of Mefloquine with Quinine sulphate may increase the chance of side effects.
Requin
Quinine Sulfate
Requin
Quinine Sulfate
Indications
Nocturnal leg cramps
Indication detailsView
Quinine Sulfate is indicated in-
- Uncomplicated, severe and complicated falciparum malaria
- Falciparum malaria resistant to other drugs
- Prevention of nocturnal muscle cramps
- Alleviation of muscle cramps in Thomsen's disease.
Therapeutic classView
Anti-malarial drugs
PharmacologyView
Quinine is believed to interfere with protein metabolism and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in malarial parasites. Quinine is a highly active blood schizonticide and suppresses the asexual cycle of development of malaria parasites in the erythrocytes. It is effective both as a suppressive drug and in the over clinical attack of malaria.
DosageView
Adult:
- Oral: 600 mg (of quinine salt) every 8 hours for 7 days.
- Parenteral: lf the patient is seriously ill quinine should be given by intravenous infusion. The adult dosage regimen for quinine by infusion is loading dose of 20 mg/kg (up to maximum 1.4 g) of quinine salt infused over 4 hours then after 8-12 hours maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg (up to maximum 700 mg) of quinine salt infused over 4 hours every 8-12 hours (until patient can swallow tablets to complete the 7 days course).
- Oral: Quinine is well tolerated by children. The dosage regimen for quinine by mouth for children is 10 mg/kg (of quinine salt) every 8 hours for 7 days.
- Parenteral: The dosage regimen for quinine by intravenous infusion for children is calculated on a mg/kg basis as for adult.
Side effectsView
Cinchonism which includes tinnitus, headache, nausea and visual disturbances. Hematological disorders and skin reaction may occur.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity reaction, optic neuritis, in case of black water fever etc.
PrecautionsView
Severe heart disease, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, IV injection should be given slowly. Use of Mefloquine with Quinine sulphate may increase the chance of side effects.
Pregnancy & lactationView
In pregnancy, the quinine is not necessarily contraindicated. It is considered to be safe when used in therapeutic dosage in pregnancy. It is excreted in breast milk in insignificant amount which does not discard the use in lactation.
StorageView
Use of Mefloquine with Quinine sulphate may increase the chance of side effects.
ResQ
Coenzyme Q10 [Ubidecarenone]
ResQ
Coenzyme Q10 [Ubidecarenone]
Indications
Skin moisturization
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for Co-enzyme Q10 deficiency and mitochondrial disorders. It is also used in congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, high blood pressure (hypertension) in combination with other medications, preventing migraine headache, parkinson's disease, improving the immune system, infertility in men and muscular dystrophy.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals, Supplements & adjuvant therapy
PharmacologyView
Co-enzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance found throughout the body especially in the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas. It is required for the proper function of many organs and chemical reactions in the body. It helps to provide energy to cells. It has antioxidant activity.
DosageView
For Co-enzyme Q10 deficiency: 150 mg daily.
For mitochondrial disorders: 150-160 mg, or 2 mg/kg/day.
For heart failure in adults: 100 mg per day divided into 2 or 3 doses.
For recent myocardial infarction: 120 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
For high blood pressure: 120-200 mg per day divided into 2 doses.
For isolated systolic hypertension: 60 mg twice daily.
For preventing migraine headache: 100 mg three times daily.
For Parkinson's disease: 300 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg and 2400 mg per day in 3-4 divided doses.
For infertility in men: 200-300 mg per day.
For muscular dystrophy: 100 mg per day.
Dividing the total daily dose by taking smaller amounts two or three times a day instead of a large amount all at once can help to reduce side effects.
For mitochondrial disorders: 150-160 mg, or 2 mg/kg/day.
For heart failure in adults: 100 mg per day divided into 2 or 3 doses.
For recent myocardial infarction: 120 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
For high blood pressure: 120-200 mg per day divided into 2 doses.
For isolated systolic hypertension: 60 mg twice daily.
For preventing migraine headache: 100 mg three times daily.
For Parkinson's disease: 300 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg and 2400 mg per day in 3-4 divided doses.
For infertility in men: 200-300 mg per day.
For muscular dystrophy: 100 mg per day.
Dividing the total daily dose by taking smaller amounts two or three times a day instead of a large amount all at once can help to reduce side effects.
Side effectsView
Co-enzyme Q10 is safe for most adults. It can cause some mild side effects including stomach upset, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can cause allergic skin rashes in some people.
ContraindicationsView
Co-enzyme Q10 is contraindicated in patients who have hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. It is also contraindicated in patients scheduled for surgery in the next two weeks.
PrecautionsView
Co-enzyme Q10 may lower blood sugar levels, so caution should be taken in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia. Co-enzyme Q10 may decrease blood pressure so caution is advised in patients with low blood pressure or taking blood pressure medications.
InteractionsView
Antihypertensive drugs: May cause blood pressure to go too low.
Anticancer drugs: May decrease the effectiveness of some anticancer drugs.
Warfarin: May decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Anticancer drugs: May decrease the effectiveness of some anticancer drugs.
Warfarin: May decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Co-enzyme Q10 should not be used in pregnancy and breast-feeding.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
ResQ
Coenzyme Q10 [Ubidecarenone]
ResQ
Coenzyme Q10 [Ubidecarenone]
Indications
Skin moisturization
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for Co-enzyme Q10 deficiency and mitochondrial disorders. It is also used in congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, high blood pressure (hypertension) in combination with other medications, preventing migraine headache, parkinson's disease, improving the immune system, infertility in men and muscular dystrophy.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals, Supplements & adjuvant therapy
PharmacologyView
Co-enzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance found throughout the body especially in the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas. It is required for the proper function of many organs and chemical reactions in the body. It helps to provide energy to cells. It has antioxidant activity.
DosageView
For Co-enzyme Q10 deficiency: 150 mg daily.
For mitochondrial disorders: 150-160 mg, or 2 mg/kg/day.
For heart failure in adults: 100 mg per day divided into 2 or 3 doses.
For recent myocardial infarction: 120 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
For high blood pressure: 120-200 mg per day divided into 2 doses.
For isolated systolic hypertension: 60 mg twice daily.
For preventing migraine headache: 100 mg three times daily.
For Parkinson's disease: 300 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg and 2400 mg per day in 3-4 divided doses.
For infertility in men: 200-300 mg per day.
For muscular dystrophy: 100 mg per day.
Dividing the total daily dose by taking smaller amounts two or three times a day instead of a large amount all at once can help to reduce side effects.
For mitochondrial disorders: 150-160 mg, or 2 mg/kg/day.
For heart failure in adults: 100 mg per day divided into 2 or 3 doses.
For recent myocardial infarction: 120 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
For high blood pressure: 120-200 mg per day divided into 2 doses.
For isolated systolic hypertension: 60 mg twice daily.
For preventing migraine headache: 100 mg three times daily.
For Parkinson's disease: 300 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg and 2400 mg per day in 3-4 divided doses.
For infertility in men: 200-300 mg per day.
For muscular dystrophy: 100 mg per day.
Dividing the total daily dose by taking smaller amounts two or three times a day instead of a large amount all at once can help to reduce side effects.
Side effectsView
Co-enzyme Q10 is safe for most adults. It can cause some mild side effects including stomach upset, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can cause allergic skin rashes in some people.
ContraindicationsView
Co-enzyme Q10 is contraindicated in patients who have hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. It is also contraindicated in patients scheduled for surgery in the next two weeks.
PrecautionsView
Co-enzyme Q10 may lower blood sugar levels, so caution should be taken in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia. Co-enzyme Q10 may decrease blood pressure so caution is advised in patients with low blood pressure or taking blood pressure medications.
InteractionsView
Antihypertensive drugs: May cause blood pressure to go too low.
Anticancer drugs: May decrease the effectiveness of some anticancer drugs.
Warfarin: May decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Anticancer drugs: May decrease the effectiveness of some anticancer drugs.
Warfarin: May decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Co-enzyme Q10 should not be used in pregnancy and breast-feeding.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Resadol
Paracetamol + Tramadol Hydrochloride
Resadol
Paracetamol + Tramadol Hydrochloride
Indications
Renal colic
Indication detailsView
This tablet is indicated for-
- The management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults.
- The short-term (five days or less) management of acute pain.
Therapeutic classView
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic. Although its mode of action is not completely understood, from animal tests, at least two complementary mechanisms appear applicable: binding of parent and M1 metabolite to μ-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Opioid activity is due to both low affinity binding of the parent compound and higher affinity binding of the O-demethylated metabolite M1 to μ-opioid receptors. Tramadol has been shown to inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in vitro, as have some other opioid analgesics.These mechanisms may contribute independently to the overall analgesic profile of tramadol.
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic. Although its mode of action is not completely understood, from animal tests, at least two complementary mechanisms appear applicable: binding of parent and M1 metabolite to μ-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Opioid activity is due to both low affinity binding of the parent compound and higher affinity binding of the O-demethylated metabolite M1 to μ-opioid receptors. Tramadol has been shown to inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in vitro, as have some other opioid analgesics.These mechanisms may contribute independently to the overall analgesic profile of tramadol.
DosageView
For the management of moderate to moderately severe pain: The recommended dose is 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day.
In case of short-term (five days or less) management of acute pain: The recommended dose is 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day.
This tablet can be administered without regard to food.
In case of short-term (five days or less) management of acute pain: The recommended dose is 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day.
This tablet can be administered without regard to food.
Side effectsView
The following adverse reactions may happen to this therapy: asthenia, fatigue, hot flushes, dizziness, headache, tremor, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anxiety, confusion, euphoria, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence pruritus, rash, increased sweating etc.
ContraindicationsView
Tramadol & Paracetamol combination tablets should not be administered to patients who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to tramadol, paracetamol, any other component of this product, or opioids. This is contraindicated in any situation where opioids are contraindicated.
PrecautionsView
- This combination preparation may impair mental or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery.
- This combination preparation should not be taken with alcohol containing beverages.
- The patient should be instructed not to take this combination preparation in combination with other tramadol or paracetamol-containing products, including over-the-counter preparations.
- This combination preparation should be used with caution when taking medications such as tranquilizers, hypnotics or other opiate containing analgesics.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This combination
preparation should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. This combination preparation is not recommended for obstetrical preoperative medication or for post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers because its safety in infants and newborns has not been studied.
preparation should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. This combination preparation is not recommended for obstetrical preoperative medication or for post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers because its safety in infants and newborns has not been studied.
Pediatric usageView
pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of this combination preparation have not been studied in the pediatric population.
Geriatric use: In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; of concomitant disease and multiple drug therapy.
Use in Renal Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired renal
function. In patients with creatinine clearances of less than 30 ml/min, it is recommended that the dosing interval of this combination preparation be increased but not to exceed 2 tablets every 12 hours.
Use in Hepatic Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired hepatic function. The use of this combination preparation in patients with hepatic impairment is not recommended.
Geriatric use: In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; of concomitant disease and multiple drug therapy.
Use in Renal Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired renal
function. In patients with creatinine clearances of less than 30 ml/min, it is recommended that the dosing interval of this combination preparation be increased but not to exceed 2 tablets every 12 hours.
Use in Hepatic Disease: This combination preparation has not been studied in patients with impaired hepatic function. The use of this combination preparation in patients with hepatic impairment is not recommended.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place. Do not freeze. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
Resant
Mirtazapine
Resant
Mirtazapine
Indications
Major depressive disorder
Indication detailsView
Mirtazapine Tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).
Therapeutic classView
Atypical anti-depressant drugs
PharmacologyView
Pharmacodynamics: The mechanism of action of Mirtazapine as with other drugs effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder is unknown. Evidence gathered in preclinical studies suggests that Mirtazapine enhances central noradrenergic and serotonergic activity. These studies have shown that Mirtazapine acts as an antagonist at central presynaptic α2-adrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, an action that is postulated to result in an increase in central noradrenergic and serotonergic activity. Mirtazapine is a potent antagonist of 5- HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. Mirtazapine has no significant affinity for the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors. Mirtazapine is a potent antagonist of histamine (H1) receptors, a property that may explain its prominent sedative effects. Mirtazapine is a moderate peripheral α1-adrenergic antagonist, a property that may explain the occasional orthostatic hypotension reported in association with its use. Mirtazapine is a moderate antagonist at muscarinic receptors, a property that may explain the relatively low incidence of anticholinergic side effects associated with its use.
Pharmacokinetics: After oral administration of Mirtazapine tablets, the active constituent mirtazapine is rapidly and well-absorbed, reaching peak plasma levels after about 2 hours. Binding of mirtazapine to plasma proteins is approximately 85%. The mean half-life of elimination is 20-40 hours; (26 hours in males, 37 hours in females). The half-life of elimination is sufficient to justify once-a-day dosing. Mirtazapine displays linear pharmacokinetics within the recommended dose range. Mirtazapine is extensively metabolized and eliminated via the urine and faeces four days. Major pathways of biotransformation are demethylation and oxidation followed by conjugation.
Pharmacokinetics: After oral administration of Mirtazapine tablets, the active constituent mirtazapine is rapidly and well-absorbed, reaching peak plasma levels after about 2 hours. Binding of mirtazapine to plasma proteins is approximately 85%. The mean half-life of elimination is 20-40 hours; (26 hours in males, 37 hours in females). The half-life of elimination is sufficient to justify once-a-day dosing. Mirtazapine displays linear pharmacokinetics within the recommended dose range. Mirtazapine is extensively metabolized and eliminated via the urine and faeces four days. Major pathways of biotransformation are demethylation and oxidation followed by conjugation.
DosageView
Adult dose: The recommended starting dose for Mirtazapine tablets is 15 mg/day, administered in a single dose, preferably in the evening or prior to sleep. The effective dose range was generally 15 to 45 mg/day and the patients not responding to the initial 15 mg dose may benefit from dose increases up to a 30 mg to maximum of 45 mg/day. Mirtazapine has an elimination half-life of approximately 20 to 40 hours; therefore, dose changes should be made at intervals of less than 1 to 2 weeks in order to allow sufficient time for the therapeutic response to a given dose.
Use in children: Use in children are not recommended to Mirtazapine.
Missed Dose: If anyone misses a dose of mirtazapine, take it as soon as remember unless it is close to when the next dose is due. If anyone missed a dose of medication and it is close to the time of next dose, skip the missed dose and should take next dose at the regularly scheduled time. One should not take double or more than prescribed dose.
Use in children: Use in children are not recommended to Mirtazapine.
Missed Dose: If anyone misses a dose of mirtazapine, take it as soon as remember unless it is close to when the next dose is due. If anyone missed a dose of medication and it is close to the time of next dose, skip the missed dose and should take next dose at the regularly scheduled time. One should not take double or more than prescribed dose.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Mirtazapine are dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, increased appetite, weight gain etc.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity: Mirtazapine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Mirtazapine or to any of the excipients.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: The concomitant use of Mirtazapine and a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor is contraindicated. Mirtazapine should not be used within 14 days of initiating or discontinuing therapy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: The concomitant use of Mirtazapine and a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor is contraindicated. Mirtazapine should not be used within 14 days of initiating or discontinuing therapy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
PrecautionsView
Patients, their families, and their caregivers should be encouraged to be alert to the emergence of anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, mania, other unusual changes in behavior, worsening of depression, and suicidal ideation, especially early during antidepressant treatment and when the dose is adjusted up or down. Patients who are to receive Mirtazapine should be warned about the risk of developing agranulocytosis. Mirtazapine may impair judgment, thinking, and particularly, motor skills, because of its prominent sedative effect. Clinically significant ALT (SGPT) elevations (≥3 times the upper limit of the normal range) may occur.
InteractionsView
Mirtazapine has clinically significant drug-drug interactions with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) & other serotonergic drugs such as tryptophan, triptans, linezolid, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, lithium, tramadol, or St. John's wort. Mirtazapine may interrupt the metabolism or activity of Carbamazepine, Phenytoin or Cimetidine. Patient should avoid Alcohol & Diazepam while taking Mirtazapine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category-C. Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during Mirtazapine therapy. Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they are breastfeeding an infant.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture. Store below 30º C. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children.
Resco
Risperidone (Oral)
Resco
Risperidone (Oral)
Indications
Unipolar and bipolar depression
Indication detailsView
Risperidone tablet is indicated for the treatment of-
- Acute and chronic psychoses
- Mania
- Schizophrenia
Therapeutic classView
Atypical neuroleptic drugs
PharmacologyView
Risperidone is a selective monoaminergic antagonist having a high affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT2 and dopaminergic D2 receptors. Risperidone binds also to alpha1 adrenergic receptors and with lower affinity, to H1 histamine and alpha2 adrenergic receptors. Risperidone has no affinity for 8 cholinergic receptors. Risperidone, as a potent D2 antagonist, improves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but causes less depression of motor activity. Balanced central serotonin and dopamine antagonism may reduce extrapyramidal side effect liability and extend the therapeutic activity to the negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia.
DosageView
Psychoses:
- 2 mg in 1-2 divided doses on 1st day then 4 mg in 1-2 divided doses on second day (Slower titration appropriate in some patients);
- Usual dose range 4-6 mg daily; doses above 10 mg daily only if benefit considered to outweigh risk (max. 16 mg daily).
- Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment) initially 1 mg daily in two divided doses increased in steps of 1-2 mg twice daily.
- Child under 15 years not recommended.
- Initially, 2 mg once daily increased if necessary in step of 1 mg daily; usual dose range 1-6 mg daily;
- Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment) initially 1 mg daily in two divided doses increased in steps of 1-2 mg twice daily.
- Risperidone should be generally administered at 1 mg BID initially, with increases in increments of 1 mg BID on the second and third day, as tolerated, to a target dose of 3 mg BID by the third day.
- Further dosage adjustments, if indicated, should generally occur at intervals of not less than 1 week. When dosage adjustments are necessary, small dose increments/decrements of 1-2 mg are recommended.
Side effectsView
Insomnia, agitation, anxiety, headache, less commonly drowsiness, impaired concentration, fatigue, blurred vision, constipation, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, hyperprolactinaemia, urine incontinence, tachycardia, hypertension, edema, rash, rhinitis, cerebrovascular accident, neurtropenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported.
ContraindicationsView
Risperidone is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the product.
PrecautionsView
Special precaution should be taken in case of preexisting cardiovascular diseases, discontinue use if signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia occur, renal and hepatic impairment, elderly epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and in pregnancy.
InteractionsView
Risperidone May antagonize the effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists. Chronic administration with Carbamazepine reduces plasma clearance of Risperidone. Chronic administration with Clozapine may decrease the clearance of Risperidone. Risperidone may enhance the effects of certain antihypertensives.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although, in experimental animals, Risperidone did not show direct reproductive toxicity, some indirect, prolactin- and CNS-mediated effects were observed, No teratogenicity effect of Risperidone was noted in any study. The safety of Risperidone for use during human pregnancy has not been established. In animal studies, Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are excreted in the milk. It has been demonstrated that Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are also excreted in human breast milk. Therefore, women receiving Risperidone should not breastfeed.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Resco
Risperidone (Oral)
Resco
Risperidone (Oral)
Indications
Unipolar and bipolar depression
Indication detailsView
Risperidone tablet is indicated for the treatment of-
- Acute and chronic psychoses
- Mania
- Schizophrenia
Therapeutic classView
Atypical neuroleptic drugs
PharmacologyView
Risperidone is a selective monoaminergic antagonist having a high affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT2 and dopaminergic D2 receptors. Risperidone binds also to alpha1 adrenergic receptors and with lower affinity, to H1 histamine and alpha2 adrenergic receptors. Risperidone has no affinity for 8 cholinergic receptors. Risperidone, as a potent D2 antagonist, improves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but causes less depression of motor activity. Balanced central serotonin and dopamine antagonism may reduce extrapyramidal side effect liability and extend the therapeutic activity to the negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia.
DosageView
Psychoses:
- 2 mg in 1-2 divided doses on 1st day then 4 mg in 1-2 divided doses on second day (Slower titration appropriate in some patients);
- Usual dose range 4-6 mg daily; doses above 10 mg daily only if benefit considered to outweigh risk (max. 16 mg daily).
- Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment) initially 1 mg daily in two divided doses increased in steps of 1-2 mg twice daily.
- Child under 15 years not recommended.
- Initially, 2 mg once daily increased if necessary in step of 1 mg daily; usual dose range 1-6 mg daily;
- Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment) initially 1 mg daily in two divided doses increased in steps of 1-2 mg twice daily.
- Risperidone should be generally administered at 1 mg BID initially, with increases in increments of 1 mg BID on the second and third day, as tolerated, to a target dose of 3 mg BID by the third day.
- Further dosage adjustments, if indicated, should generally occur at intervals of not less than 1 week. When dosage adjustments are necessary, small dose increments/decrements of 1-2 mg are recommended.
Side effectsView
Insomnia, agitation, anxiety, headache, less commonly drowsiness, impaired concentration, fatigue, blurred vision, constipation, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, hyperprolactinaemia, urine incontinence, tachycardia, hypertension, edema, rash, rhinitis, cerebrovascular accident, neurtropenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported.
ContraindicationsView
Risperidone is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the product.
PrecautionsView
Special precaution should be taken in case of preexisting cardiovascular diseases, discontinue use if signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia occur, renal and hepatic impairment, elderly epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and in pregnancy.
InteractionsView
Risperidone May antagonize the effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists. Chronic administration with Carbamazepine reduces plasma clearance of Risperidone. Chronic administration with Clozapine may decrease the clearance of Risperidone. Risperidone may enhance the effects of certain antihypertensives.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although, in experimental animals, Risperidone did not show direct reproductive toxicity, some indirect, prolactin- and CNS-mediated effects were observed, No teratogenicity effect of Risperidone was noted in any study. The safety of Risperidone for use during human pregnancy has not been established. In animal studies, Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are excreted in the milk. It has been demonstrated that Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are also excreted in human breast milk. Therefore, women receiving Risperidone should not breastfeed.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Rescure
Cefixime Trihydrate
Rescure
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Rescure
Cefixime Trihydrate
Rescure
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Rescuvolin
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Rescuvolin
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Indications
Methotrexate toxicity
Indication detailsView
Calcium Folinate is indicated in:
- To diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of impaired Methotrexate elimination.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, as in sprue, nutritional deficiency.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and infancy.
Therapeutic classView
Supportive Care Therapy
PharmacologyView
Calcium Folinate is a Calcium salt of Folinic acid (citrovorum factor), is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of Tetrahydrofolic acid. It is a metabolite of Folic acid and an essential co-enzyme for nucleic acid synthesis used in cytotoxic therapy.
DosageView
Oral-
- Reduction of harmful effects of folic acid antagonists: The dose is usually one 5-15 mg tablet every 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
- Megaloblastic anemia: In the treatment of Megaloblastic anemia, the dose is one 5-15 mg tablet daily.
- Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Folinic Acid is administered at 200 mg/m2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 370 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Or 20 mg/m 2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 425 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Treatment is repeated daily for 5 days. This 5 day treatment course may be repeated at 4 weeks interval, for 2 courses and then may repeated at 4-5 weekly intervals if the patient has recovered completely from the toxic effects of the prior treatment course.
- Folinic acid rescue after high dose Methotrexate Therapy: Calcium Folinate starts 24 hours after the beginning of the methotrexate infusion at dose of 15mg (10 mg/m2 ) every 6 hours for 10 doses.
- Folate deficient megaloboastic anaemia: Up to 1 mg/day. Or, as directed by the registered physician.
Side effectsView
- Allergic reaction: one may experience a sudden itchy rash (hives), swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth or throat (which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing).
- Fits and fainting.
ContraindicationsView
Calcium Folinate therapy is contraindicated for the following:
- Known hypersensitivity to Calcium Folinate, or to any components of the product formulation.
- Pernicious anemia or other Megaloblastic anemia where Vitamin B12 is deficient.
PrecautionsView
Calcium Folinate treatment may mask pernicious anemia and other Megaloblastic anemia resulting from Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Calcium Folinate is administered to a nursing mother.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reported sequelae in patients who have received significantly more Calcium Folinate than the recommended dosage. However, excessive amounts of Calcium Folinate may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of folic acid antagonists.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Rescuvolin
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Rescuvolin
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Indications
Methotrexate toxicity
Indication detailsView
Calcium Folinate is indicated in:
- To diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of impaired Methotrexate elimination.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, as in sprue, nutritional deficiency.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and infancy.
Therapeutic classView
Supportive Care Therapy
PharmacologyView
Calcium Folinate is a Calcium salt of Folinic acid (citrovorum factor), is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of Tetrahydrofolic acid. It is a metabolite of Folic acid and an essential co-enzyme for nucleic acid synthesis used in cytotoxic therapy.
DosageView
Oral-
- Reduction of harmful effects of folic acid antagonists: The dose is usually one 5-15 mg tablet every 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
- Megaloblastic anemia: In the treatment of Megaloblastic anemia, the dose is one 5-15 mg tablet daily.
- Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Folinic Acid is administered at 200 mg/m2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 370 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Or 20 mg/m 2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 425 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Treatment is repeated daily for 5 days. This 5 day treatment course may be repeated at 4 weeks interval, for 2 courses and then may repeated at 4-5 weekly intervals if the patient has recovered completely from the toxic effects of the prior treatment course.
- Folinic acid rescue after high dose Methotrexate Therapy: Calcium Folinate starts 24 hours after the beginning of the methotrexate infusion at dose of 15mg (10 mg/m2 ) every 6 hours for 10 doses.
- Folate deficient megaloboastic anaemia: Up to 1 mg/day. Or, as directed by the registered physician.
Side effectsView
- Allergic reaction: one may experience a sudden itchy rash (hives), swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth or throat (which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing).
- Fits and fainting.
ContraindicationsView
Calcium Folinate therapy is contraindicated for the following:
- Known hypersensitivity to Calcium Folinate, or to any components of the product formulation.
- Pernicious anemia or other Megaloblastic anemia where Vitamin B12 is deficient.
PrecautionsView
Calcium Folinate treatment may mask pernicious anemia and other Megaloblastic anemia resulting from Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Calcium Folinate is administered to a nursing mother.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reported sequelae in patients who have received significantly more Calcium Folinate than the recommended dosage. However, excessive amounts of Calcium Folinate may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of folic acid antagonists.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Resdil
Salbutamol
Resdil
Salbutamol
Indications
Emphysema
Indication detailsView
Salbutamol is indicated as a bronchodilator for use in-
- Asthma
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema and
- Other conditions associated with airways obstruction.
Therapeutic classView
Short-acting selective & β2-adrenoceptor stimulants
PharmacologyView
Salbutamol is a synthetic sympathomimetic agent with predominant beta-2 adrenergic activity. Salbutamol produces bronchodilatation through stimulation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscles, thereby causing relaxation of bronchial muscle fibers. This action is manifested by an improvement in pulmonary function as demonstrated by spirometric measurements.
DosageView
Salbutamol tablet or syrup-
Children:
Salbutamol Respirator Solution: To be used with a suitable nebulizer device under the direction of a physician. The solution must not be injected or ingested.
Method-1 (Intermittent Administration):
Salbutamol nebulizer solution: To be used with a suitable nebulizer device under the direction of a physician. The solution must not be injected or ingested.
Adults:
Salbutamol Inhalation Capsule:
Children:
- 2-6 years: 2.5 ml syrup, 3-4 times daily
- 6-12 years: 5 ml syrup, 3-4 times daily
- Over 12 years: 5-10 ml syrup, 3-4 times daily (2-4 mg tablet, 3-4 times daily)
Salbutamol Respirator Solution: To be used with a suitable nebulizer device under the direction of a physician. The solution must not be injected or ingested.
Method-1 (Intermittent Administration):
- Adults (and the elderly): 0.5 ml-1.0 ml salbutamol up to four times a day. Up to 40mg per day can be given under strict medical direction in the hospital. 0.5-1 ml solution should be diluted to final volume of 2-4 ml with sterile normal saline solution. It will take time about 10 minutes.
- Salbutamol respiratory solution may be used undiluted for intermittent administration. For this 2.0 ml of the solution is placed in the nebulizer and the patient allowed to inhale until bronchodilation is achieved. This usually takes 3-5 minutes.
- Children under 12 years of age: 0.5 ml of the solution diluted to 2.0-4.0 ml with normal saline. Some children may however require higher doses of up to 1.0 ml of the solution. Intermittent treatment may be repeated four times a day.
Salbutamol nebulizer solution: To be used with a suitable nebulizer device under the direction of a physician. The solution must not be injected or ingested.
- Adults & Elderly: 2.5 mg to 5 mg Salbutamol up to 4 times a day. Up to 40 mg/day may be given under strict medical direction in the hospital.
- Children under 12 years: 2.5 mg up to 4 times a day. A higher dose up to 5 mg four times a day may be used if required.
Adults:
- Salbutamol I.V. infusion solution is used to prepare a solution for continuous intravenous infusion. It should not be injected undiluted. A suitable solution for infusion may be prepared by diluting 5 mL of Salbutamol I.V. infusion solution (1000 mcg/mL) in 500 mL of a chosen i.v. solution to provide a salbutamol concentration of 10 mcg/mL.
- The only recommended diluents are Sodium Chloride Injection, or Sodium Chloride and Dextrose Injection.
- Infusion rates providing 3 to 20 micrograms salbutamol/minute (0.3 to 2ml/minute of the above infusion solution) are usually adequate. Infusion rates can be started at 5 mcg of salbutamol/min., and can be increased to 10 mcg/min., and 20 mcg/min. at 15 - 30 minute intervals, if necessary.
- As with all parenteral drug products, intravenous admixtures should be inspected visually for clarity, particulate matter, precipitate, discoloration and leakage prior to administration.
- All unused admixtures of Salbutamol infusion solution with infusion fluids should be discarded 24 hours after preparation.
Salbutamol Inhalation Capsule:
- Adults: For the relief of bronchospasm and for managing intermittent episodes of asthma, one or two inhalation capsule may be administered as a single dose. The usual recommended dosage of Salbutamol inhalation capsule for inhalation for adults for maintenance or prophylactic therapy is the contents of one 200 microgram capsule every 4 to 6 hours using a device. In some patients, the contents of two 200 microgram capsules inhaled every 4 to 6 hours may be required. Large doses or more frequent administration is not recommended. The use of salbutamol powder for inhalation can be continued as medically indicated to control recurring/intermittent episodes of bronchospasm.
- Children: One Salbutamol inhalation capsule is the recommended dose for relief of acute bronchospasm in the maintenance of episodic asthma or before exercise of children 4 years of age and older. One inhalation should be administered for three or four times a day for routine maintenance or prophylactic therapy. This dosage may be increased to inhalation of two inhalation capsule, if necessary. The bronchodilator effect of each administration of inhaled Salbutamol inhalation capsule lasts for at least four hours. Such patients should be warned not to increase the dose of inhaler, but should seek medical advice immediately.
- Adults: 400 microgram
- Child: 200 microgram, 15-30 minutes prior to any physical exertion.
Side effectsView
Salbutamol may cause fine tremor of skeletal muscles (particularly the hands), palpitations and muscle cramps. Tachycardia, tenseness, headaches and peripheral vasodilatation have been reported after large doses.
PrecautionsView
Salbutamol should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, occlusive vascular disorders, hypertension and aneurysms. Hypokalaemia associated with high doses of Salbutamol may result in increased susceptibility to digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmia. Tachyphylaxis with resistance may occur with prolonged use of high dosage. Care is necessary when treating patients with diabetes mellitus or closed angle glaucoma, and in those receiving antihypertensive therapy.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk of the fetus. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential of tumorigenecity shown for Salbutamol in some animal studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms with overdosage are angina, headache, nausea, vomiting, tremor etc. The preferred antidote for overdosage with Salbutamol is a cardio-selective beta-blocking agent but beta-blocking drugs should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospasm.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Resectin
Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Resectin
Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Indications
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Indication detailsView
Ranitidine is indicated in:
- Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
- Benign gastric ulcer
- Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
- Post operative stress ulcer.
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
- Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
- Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.
Therapeutic classView
H2 receptor antagonist
PharmacologyView
Ranitidine competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.
DosageView
Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:
Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.
Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.
Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.
Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.
Child (peptic ulcer): 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.
Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:
Ranitidine injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Ranitidine injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.
Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine injection have not been established in case of children.
Side effectsView
Ranitidine is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.
ContraindicationsView
Patients hypersensitive to Ranitidine
PrecautionsView
Ranitidine should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.
InteractionsView
Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy: Ranitidine crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Ranitidine. Like other drugs, Ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.
Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.
Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.
Pediatric usageView
Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.
Overdose effectsView
Ranitidine is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.
ReconstitutionView
Slow IV inj: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Continuous IV infusion: Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Continuous IV infusion: Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.