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Oscal-M

Calcium Carbonate + Vitamin D3 + Multimineral

Tablet Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

Indications

Vitamin deficiency

Indication detailsView

This preparation is indicated in-

Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
To maintain strong bone growth
For proper functioning of heart, muscle and nerves
As nutritional supplement
For bone development and regeneration of bone
Pregnancy & lactation
Deficiency state of Calcium, Vitamin D3, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese & Boron

Therapeutic classView

Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

PharmacologyView

Nutrition is the most important to prevent osteoporosis and other bone related diseases. Calcium, Magnesium & Vitamin D3 are the macronutrients for bone. Without Vitamin D3 very little Calcium is absorbed. Like Calcium, Magnesium increases bone strength and rigidity. Recent epidemiological studies showed that some micronutrients like Copper, Manganese, Zinc & Boron play an important role in bone health. Deficiency of the micronutrients is noticed in patients with osteoporosis.

DosageView

2 tablets per day, preferably 1 tablet in the morning and 1 tablet in the evening.

Side effectsView

It is generally well tolerated. If there is experience like nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, dry mouth, increased thirst, increased urination while taking, noticed to physicians. Side effects from micronutrient are rare.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in case of hypercalcaemia, hyperthyroidism, renal calculi & nephrolithiasis and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

PrecautionsView

If there is any pre-existing heart disease or kidney disease, precautions should be taken.

InteractionsView

It has possible interaction with Calcium, Aluminium or Magnesium containing Antacids & other Calcium supplements, Calcitriol & other Vitamin D3 supplements; Digoxin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline or Oxytetracycline.

Pregnancy & lactationView

This combination should be used as directed by physician during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of overdosage may include nausea and vomiting, severe drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, metallic taste, stomach cramps, diarrhea, headache & constipation.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Oscard

Losartan Potassium + Hydrochlorothiazide

Tablet 50 mg+12.5 mg Allopathic Combined antihypertensive preparations

Indications

Stroke

Indication detailsView

This is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It is also indicated to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Therapeutic classView

Combined antihypertensive preparations

PharmacologyView

Angiotensin II formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), is a potent vasoconstrictor, the primary vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system and an important component in the pathophysiology of hypertension. It also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Losartan and its principal active metabolite block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT₁receptor found in many tissues, (e.g. vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland). In vitro binding studies indicate that losartan is a reversible, competitive inhibitor of the AT₁receptor. Neither Losartan nor its active metabolite inhibits ACE (kinase II, the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin); nor do they bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Thiazides affect the renal tubular mechanisms of electrolyte reabsorption, directly increasing excretion of Sodium and Chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Indirectly, the diuretic action of Hydrochlorothiazide reduces plasma volume, with consequent increases in plasma renin activity, increases in Aldosterone secretion, increases in urinary Potassium loss, and decreases in serum Potassium. The renin-aldosterone link is mediated by angiotensin II, so co-administration of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist tends to reverse the Potassium loss associated with these diuretics.

DosageView

Hypertension-

The usual starting dose of 50/12.5 is one tablet once daily.
For patients who do not respond adequately to one tablet the dosage may be increased to 100/25 once daily.
A patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with Losartan 100 mg monotherapy may be switched to this combination 100/12.5 once daily.
In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy initial dose is 50/12.5, if additional blood pressure reduction is needed, 100/12.5 may be given, followed by 100/25 if required. The maximum dose is 100/25 once daily.
In general, the antihypertensive effect is attained within three weeks after initiation of therapy.
No initial dosage adjustment of 50/12.5 is necessary for elderly patients. But maximum dose of 100/25 once daily dose should not be used as initial therapy in elderly patients.

Severe Hypertension:

The starting dose for initial treatment of severe hypertension is one tablet of 50/12.5 once daily.
For patients who do not respond adequately to this dose after 2 to 4 weeks of therapy, the dosage may be increased to 100/25 once daily. The maximum dose is one tablet of 100/25 once daily.

AdministrationView

This preparation may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. This may be administered with or without food.

Side effectsView

Side-effects are usually mild. Symptomatic hypotension including dizziness may occur, particularly in patients with intravascular volume depletion (e.g. those taking high-dose diuretics). Hyperkalaemia occurs occasionally; angioedema has also been reported with some angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. Vertigo; less commonly gastro-intestinal disturbances, angina, palpitation, oedema, dyspnoea, headache, sleep disorders, malaise, urticaria, pruritus, rash; rarely hepatitis, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, syncope, paraesthesia; also reported pancreatitis, anaphylaxis, cough, depression, erectile dysfunction, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia, arthralgia, myalgia, renal impairment, rhabdomyolysis, tinnitus, photosensitivity, and vasculitis (including Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

ContraindicationsView

The combination of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product. Because of the Hydrochlorothiazide component, this product is contraindicated in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to other sulfonamide-derived drugs.

PrecautionsView

Hypersensitivity: Angiooedema
Periodic determination of serum electrolytes to detect possible electrolyte imbalance should be performed at appropriate intervals
Hypokalemia may rarely develop, especially with brisk diuresis, when severe cirrhosis is present, or after prolonged therapy
Impaired renal function and
Symptomatic hypotension

InteractionsView

Losartan Potassium: No significant drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions have been found in interaction studies with Hydrochlorothiazide, Digoxin, Warfarin, Cimetidine and Phenobarbital. As with other drugs that block angiotensin II or its effects, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride), potassium supplements, or salt substitutes containing potassium may lead to increase in serum potassium. As with other antihypertensive agents, the antihypertensive effect of Losartan may be blunted by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Indomethacin.

Hydrochlorothiazide: When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with Thiazide diuretics: alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics-potentiation of orthostatic hypotension may occur.

Antidiabetic drugs (oral agents and Insulin): dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required.

Other antihypertensive drugs: additive effect or potentiation.

Cholestyramine and colestipol resins: absorption of Hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins

Pregnancy & lactationView

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists should be avoided in pregnancy unless essential. They may adversely affect fetal and neonatal blood pressure control and renal function; skull defects and oligohy dramnios have also been reported. Information on the use of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists in breastfeeding is limited. They are not recommended in breastfeeding and alternative treatment options, with better-established safety information during breastfeeding, are available.

Pediatric usageView

Use in Patients with Renal Impairment: The usual regimens of therapy with 50/12.5 may be followed as long as the patient's creatinine clearance is >30 ml/min. In patients with more severe renal impairment, loop diuretics are preferred to thiazides. In that case, hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended.

Use in Patients with Hepatic Impairment: The combination of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended for titration in patients with hepatic impairment because the appropriate 25 mg starting dose of Losartan cannot be given.

Use in pediatric patients: The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Overdose effectsView

Losartan Potassium: Limited data are available in regard to overdosage in humans. The most likely manifestation of overdosage would be hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia could occur from parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation. If symptomatic hypotension should occur, supportive treatment should be instituted. Neither losartan nor its metabolite can be removed by hemodialysis.

Hydrochlorothiazide: The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia, may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. The degree to which Hydrochlorothiazide is removed by hemodialysis has not been established.

StorageView

Do not store above 30°C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osecton

Omeprazole

Capsule (Delayed Release) 20 mg Allopathic Proton Pump Inhibitor

Indications

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Indication detailsView

Omeprazole is indicated for the treatment of-

Gastric and duodenal ulcer
NSAID-associated duodenal and gastric ulcer
As prophylaxis in patients with a history of NSAID-associated duodenal and gastric ulcer
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Long-term management of acid reflux disease
Acid-related dyspepsia
Severe ulcerating reflux esophagitis
Prophylaxis of acid aspiration during general anesthesia
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcer.

Therapeutic classView

Proton Pump Inhibitor

PharmacologyView

Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking hydrogen-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (H⁺/K⁺ ATPase) enzyme system in the gastric parietal cell. After oral administration, the onset of the antisecretory effect occurs within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring within two hours and inhibition of secretion lasts up to 72 hours. When the drug is discontinued, secretory activity returns gradually, over 3 to 5 days.

DosageView

Oral-

Benign gastric and duodenal ulcer: 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks in duodenal ulceration, 8 weeks in gastric ulceration; in severe or recurrent cases, dose to be increased to 40 mg daily; maintenance dose for recurrent duodenal ulcer, 20 mg once daily; in prevention of relapse in duodenal ulcer, 10-20 mg daily.
NSAID-associated duodenal or gastric ulcer: 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks, continued for further 4 weeks, if not fully healed. 20 mg once daily is used as prophylaxis in patients with a history of NSAID-associated duodenal or gastric ulcers.
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease: 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks, continued for further 4-8 weeks, if not fully healed; 40 mg once daily has been given for 8 weeks in gastro-esophageal reflux disease, refractory to other treatment; maintenance dose is 20 mg once daily.
Long-term management of acid reflux disease: 10-20 mg daily.
Acid-related dyspepsia: 10-20 mg once daily for 2-4 weeks.
Prophylaxis of acid aspiration: 40 mg on the preceding evening, then 40 mg 2-6 hours before surgery.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Initially 60 mg once daily; usual range 20-120 mg daily (If daily dose is more than 80 mg, 2 divided dose should be used).
Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen in peptic ulcer disease: Omeprazole is recommended at a dose of 20 mg twice daily in association with antimicrobial agents as detailed below: Amoxicillin 500 mg and Metronidazole 400 mg both three times a day for one week, or Clarithromycin 250 mg and Metronidazole 400 mg both twice a day for one week, or Amoxicillin 1 g and Clarithromycin 500 mg both twice a day for one week.
Paeditaric use in severe ulcerating reflux esophagitis (Child>1 year): If body-weight 10-20 kg, 10-20 -mg once daily for 4-12 weeks; if body-weight over 20 kg, 20-40 mg once daily for 4-12 weeks.

IV Injection-

Prophylaxis of acid aspiration: Omeprazole 40 mg to be given slowly (over a period of 5 minutes) as an intravenous injection, one hour before surgery.
Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer or reflux oesophagitis: In patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer or reflux oesophagitis where oral medication is inappropriate, Omeprazole IV 40 mg once daily is recommended.
Zollinger- Ellison syndrome (ZES): In patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome the recommended initial dose of Omeprazole given intravenously is 60 mg daily. Higher daily doses may be required and the dose should be adjusted individually. When doses exceed 60 mg daily, the dose should be divided & given twice daily.

AdministrationView

Direction for use of IV Injection: Omeprazole lyophilized powder and water for injection is for intravenous administration only and must not be given by any other route. Omeprazole IV injection should be given as a slow intravenous injection. The solution for IV injection is obtained by adding 10 ml water for injection to the vial containing powder. After reconstitution the injection should be given slowly over a period of at least 2 to 5 minutes at a maximum rate of 4 ml/minute. Use only freshly prepared solution. The solution should be used within 4 hours of reconstitution.

Direction for use of IV Infusion: Omeprazole IV infusion should be given as an intravenous infusion over a period of 20-30 minutes or more. The contents of one vial must be dissolved in 100 ml saline for infusion or 100 ml 5% Dextrose for infusion. The solution should be used within 12 hours when Omeprazole is dissolved in saline and within 6 hours when dissolved in 5% Dextrose. The reconstituted solution should not be mixed or co-administered in the same infusion set with any other drug.

Side effectsView

Omeprazole is generally well tolerated. Nausea, abdominal colic, paresthesia, dizziness and headache have been stated to be generally mild and transient and not requiring a reduction in dosage.

ContraindicationsView

Omeprazole is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the components of the formulation.

PrecautionsView

When gastric ulcer is suspected, the possibility of gastric malignancy should be excluded before treatment with Omeprazole is instituted, as treatment may alleviate the symptoms and delay diagnosis.

InteractionsView

Omeprazole can prolong the elimination of diazepam, warfarin and phenytoin. So, reduction of warfarin or phenytoin dose may be necessary when Omeprazole is added to the treatment. There is no evidence of an interaction of Omeprazole with theophylline, propranolol or antacids.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA pregnancy category of Omeprazole is C. However, results from three prospective epidemiological studies indicate no adverse effects of Omeprazole on pregnancy or on the health of the fetus/newborn child. There is no information available on the passage of Omeprazole into breast milk or its effects on the neonate. Breast-feeding should, therefore, be discontinued, if the use of Omeprazole is considered essential.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osedan

Ondansetron

Tablet 8 mg Allopathic Anti-emetic drugs

Indications

Post-operative nausea and vomiting

Indication detailsView

Ondansetron is a serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist indicated:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.
Prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Therapeutic classView

Anti-emetic drugs

PharmacologyView

Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5HT₃ receptor-antagonist. Its precise mode of action in the control of nausea and vomiting is not known. Chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause release of 5HT in the small intestine initiating a vomiting reflex by activating vagal afferents via 5HT₃ receptors. Ondansetron blocks the initiation of this reflex. Activation of vagal afferents may also cause a release of 5HT in the area postrema, located on the floor of the fourth ventricle, and this may also promote emesis through a central mechanism. Thus, the effect of ondansetron in the management of the nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is probably due to antagonism of 5HT₃ receptors on neurons located both in the peripheral and central nervous system. The mechanisms of action in post-operative nausea and vomiting are not known but there may be common pathways with cytotoxic induced nausea and vomiting.

DosageView

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults, Pediatric patients (6 months to 18 years):

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Initial Dose: 8 mg orally 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy. Post Radiotherapy: 8 mg orally every 8 hours for up to 5 days after a course of treatment.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: 16 mg given as two 8 mg tablets
4 mg orodispersible tablet: 16 mg
Injection: 4 mg

Pediatrics (>40 kg): Injection: 4 mg
Pediatrics (40 kg): Injection: 0.1 mg/kg

Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over:

Highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 30 ml (24 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy.
Moderate emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy. A further 10 ml dose should be administered after 8 hours of the first dose. One 10 ml dose should be administered twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Pediatric (4-11 years): 5 ml (4 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be taken 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The other 2 doses should be taken 4 and 8 hours after the first dose. Then 5 ml oral solution should be administered 3 times a day (every 8 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Oral solution:

Radiotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

The recommended oral dosage: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 3 times daily.
For total body irradiation: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before each fraction of radiotherapy administered each day.
For single high-dose fraction radiotherapy to the abdomen: one 10 ml Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for 1 to 2 days after completion of radiotherapy.
For daily fractionated radiotherapy to the abdomen: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for each day radiotherapy is given.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

20 ml (16 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 1 hour before induction of anesthesia

Oral Soluble Film:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adult oral dose: 24 mg given successively as three 8 mg films 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: One 8 mg film 30 minutes before chemotherapy followed by an 8 mg dose 8 hours later. Administer one 8 mg film twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Pediatric patients 4 through 11 years of age: One 4 mg film three times a day. Administer the first dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy, with subsequent doses 4 and 8 hours later. Administer one 4 mg film three times a day (every 8 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy: The adult dosage is one 8 mg film three times a day.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: The adult dose is 16 mg given successively as two 8 mg films 1 hour before anesthesia.

AdministrationView

Administration of Oral Soluble Film:

Step 1: Tear the pouch carefully along with the edge tear mark.
Step 2: Put the Ondansetron film on top of your tongue. It will dissolve within 20 seconds
Step 3: Do not chew or swallow the film whole.
Step 4: Swallow after the Onsaf oral soluble film dissolves. You may swallow the dissolved film with or without liquid.
Step 5: Wash your hands after taking Onsaf oral soluble film

Side effectsView

Frequently reported adverse events were headache, constipation and diarrhea, but the majority have been mild or moderate in nature. In chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, rash has occurred in approximately 1% of patients receiving Ondansetron. There also have been reports to a sensation of flushing or warmth, hiccups and liver enzyme abnormalities. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, brochospasm, tachycardia, angina (chest pain), hypokalemia, shortness of breath have also been reported, except for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis, the relationship to Ondansetron is unclear. There have been no evidence to extrapyramidal reactions, in rare case oculogyric crisis appearing alone, as well as with other dystonic reactions without definitive clinical evidence. In case of PONV, with the exception of headache, rates of these events were not significantly different in the Ondansetron and placebo groups.

ContraindicationsView

Contraindicated in patients known to have hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Concomitant use of apomorphine.

PrecautionsView

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Ondansetron is not a drug that stimulates gastric or intestinal peristalsis. It should not be used instead of nasogastric suction. The use of Ondansetron in patients following abdominal surgery or in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may mask a progressive ileus and/or gastric distension.

InteractionsView

Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because Ondansetron is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance and hence, the half-life of Ondansetron. On the basis of available data, no dosage adjustment of Ondasetron is recommended for patients on these drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Carcinogenic effects were not seen in 2-year studies in rats and mice with oral Ondansetron doses up to 10 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively. Ondansetron was not mutagenic in standard tests for mutagenicity. Oral administration of Ondansetron up to 15 mg/kg per day did not affect fertility or general reproduction performance of male and female rats.

Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats and rabbits at daily oral doses up to 15 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Ondansetron. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ondansetron is excreted in the breast milk of rats. So caution should be exercised when Ondansetron is administered to a nursing women.

Pediatric usageView

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function: The dosage recommendation is the same as for the general population.

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: In patients with severe hepatic impairment, a single maximal daily dose of 8 mg to be infused over 15 minutes beginning 30 minutes before the start of the emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended.

4 years of age or younger: Little information is available about dosage in pediatric patients 4 years of age or younger.

Over the age of 65: Dosage adjustment is not needed in patients over the age of 65.

StorageView

Store at temperature not exceeding 30ºC in a dry place. Protect from light and moisture.

Oseflu

Oseltamivir

Capsule 75 mg Allopathic Respiratory viral infections (Influenza)

Indications

Swine flu

Indication detailsView

Oseltamivir is indicated for prevention of flu (influenza) in adults and adolescents aged 13 years and over who have been in contact with someone diagnosed with flu; treatment of flu (influenza) in adults and in children over one year of age when the influenza virus is circulating in the community

Therapeutic classView

Respiratory viral infections (Influenza)

PharmacologyView

Oseltamivir is a prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir carboxylate inhibits neuraminidase (sialidase), a viral surface enzyme which is responsible for the replication and infectivity of influenza virus A and B, thereby preventing the release of viruses from infected cells.

DosageView

Oseltamivir Phosphate may be taken with or without food. However, when taken with food, tolerability may be enhanced in some patients.

Standard oral dose for the treatment of influenza:

Adults and Adolescents: The recommended oral dose of Oseltamivir for treatment of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older is 75 mg twice daily for 5 days. Treatment should begin within 2 days of onset of symptoms of influenza.
Pediatric patients: The safety and efficacy of Oseltamivir for prophylaxis of influenza in pediatric patients younger than 13 years of age have not been established.

Recommended oral dose for the treatment of influenza:

For prophylaxis of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older following close contact with an infected individual: 75 mg once daily for at least 7 days. Therapy should begin within 2 days of exposure.
For prophylaxis during a community outbreak of influenza: 75 mg once daily. Safety and efficacy have been demonstrated for up to 6 weeks. The duration of protection lasts for as long as dosing is continued.

AdministrationView

May be taken with or without food. May be taken with meals to reduce GI discomfort. Cap may be opened & mixed with sweetened food products eg chocolate syr, sweetened condensed milk, apple sauce or yogurt. Swallow mixture immediately after preparation.

Side effectsView

The most frequently reported adverse events are nausea and vomiting. These events generally of mild to moderate degree and usually are occurred on the first 2 days of administration. Additional adverse events occurring in <1% of patients receiving Oseltamivir for treatment include unstable angina, anemia, pseudomembranous colitis, humerus fracture, pneumonia, pyrexia, and peritonsillar abscess.

ContraindicationsView

Oseltamivir is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the components of the product.

PrecautionsView

There is no evidence for efficacy of Oseltamivir Phosphate in any illness caused by agents other than influenza viruses Types A and B. Efficacy of Oseltamivir Phosphate in patients who begin treatment after 40 hours of symptoms has not been established.

InteractionsView

Information derived from pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of Oseltamivir suggests that clinically significant drug interactions are unlikely. Co-administration with amoxicillin does not alter plasma levels of either compound.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category C: There are insufficient human data upon which to base an evaluation of risk of Oseltamivir Phosphate to the pregnant woman or developing fetus.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether oseltamivir or oseltamivir carboxylate is excreted in human milk. Oseltamivir Phosphate should, therefore, be used only if the potential benefit for the lactating mother justifies the potential risk to the breast-fed infant.

Pediatric usageView

Hepatic Impairment: The safety and pharmacokinetics in patients with hepatic impairment have not been evaluated.

Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment is recommended for patients with a serum creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.

Geriatric Use: The safety of Oseltamivir Phosphate has been established in clinical studies.

Pediatric Use: The safety and efficacy of Oseltamivir Phosphate in pediatric patients younger than 1 year of age have not been studied. Oseltamivir Phosphate is not indicated for either treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in pediatric patients younger than 1 year of age.

Overdose effectsView

At present there has been no experience of over dose. Single dose of up to 1000 mg of Oseltamivir have been associated with nausea and/or vomiting.

StorageView

Store at 25°C. Reconstituted susp: Store between 2-8°C for up to 17 days or at 25°C for up to 10 days. Do not freeze.

Osetron

Ondansetron

IM/IV Injection 8 mg/4 ml Allopathic Anti-emetic drugs

Indications

Post-operative nausea and vomiting

Indication detailsView

Ondansetron is a serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist indicated:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.
Prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Therapeutic classView

Anti-emetic drugs

PharmacologyView

Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5HT₃ receptor-antagonist. Its precise mode of action in the control of nausea and vomiting is not known. Chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause release of 5HT in the small intestine initiating a vomiting reflex by activating vagal afferents via 5HT₃ receptors. Ondansetron blocks the initiation of this reflex. Activation of vagal afferents may also cause a release of 5HT in the area postrema, located on the floor of the fourth ventricle, and this may also promote emesis through a central mechanism. Thus, the effect of ondansetron in the management of the nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is probably due to antagonism of 5HT₃ receptors on neurons located both in the peripheral and central nervous system. The mechanisms of action in post-operative nausea and vomiting are not known but there may be common pathways with cytotoxic induced nausea and vomiting.

DosageView

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults, Pediatric patients (6 months to 18 years):

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Initial Dose: 8 mg orally 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy. Post Radiotherapy: 8 mg orally every 8 hours for up to 5 days after a course of treatment.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: 16 mg given as two 8 mg tablets
4 mg orodispersible tablet: 16 mg
Injection: 4 mg

Pediatrics (>40 kg): Injection: 4 mg
Pediatrics (40 kg): Injection: 0.1 mg/kg

Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over:

Highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 30 ml (24 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy.
Moderate emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy. A further 10 ml dose should be administered after 8 hours of the first dose. One 10 ml dose should be administered twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Pediatric (4-11 years): 5 ml (4 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be taken 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The other 2 doses should be taken 4 and 8 hours after the first dose. Then 5 ml oral solution should be administered 3 times a day (every 8 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Oral solution:

Radiotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

The recommended oral dosage: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 3 times daily.
For total body irradiation: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before each fraction of radiotherapy administered each day.
For single high-dose fraction radiotherapy to the abdomen: one 10 ml Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for 1 to 2 days after completion of radiotherapy.
For daily fractionated radiotherapy to the abdomen: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for each day radiotherapy is given.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

20 ml (16 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 1 hour before induction of anesthesia

Oral Soluble Film:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adult oral dose: 24 mg given successively as three 8 mg films 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: One 8 mg film 30 minutes before chemotherapy followed by an 8 mg dose 8 hours later. Administer one 8 mg film twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Pediatric patients 4 through 11 years of age: One 4 mg film three times a day. Administer the first dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy, with subsequent doses 4 and 8 hours later. Administer one 4 mg film three times a day (every 8 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy: The adult dosage is one 8 mg film three times a day.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: The adult dose is 16 mg given successively as two 8 mg films 1 hour before anesthesia.

AdministrationView

Administration of Oral Soluble Film:

Step 1: Tear the pouch carefully along with the edge tear mark.
Step 2: Put the Ondansetron film on top of your tongue. It will dissolve within 20 seconds
Step 3: Do not chew or swallow the film whole.
Step 4: Swallow after the Onsaf oral soluble film dissolves. You may swallow the dissolved film with or without liquid.
Step 5: Wash your hands after taking Onsaf oral soluble film

Side effectsView

Frequently reported adverse events were headache, constipation and diarrhea, but the majority have been mild or moderate in nature. In chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, rash has occurred in approximately 1% of patients receiving Ondansetron. There also have been reports to a sensation of flushing or warmth, hiccups and liver enzyme abnormalities. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, brochospasm, tachycardia, angina (chest pain), hypokalemia, shortness of breath have also been reported, except for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis, the relationship to Ondansetron is unclear. There have been no evidence to extrapyramidal reactions, in rare case oculogyric crisis appearing alone, as well as with other dystonic reactions without definitive clinical evidence. In case of PONV, with the exception of headache, rates of these events were not significantly different in the Ondansetron and placebo groups.

ContraindicationsView

Contraindicated in patients known to have hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Concomitant use of apomorphine.

PrecautionsView

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Ondansetron is not a drug that stimulates gastric or intestinal peristalsis. It should not be used instead of nasogastric suction. The use of Ondansetron in patients following abdominal surgery or in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may mask a progressive ileus and/or gastric distension.

InteractionsView

Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because Ondansetron is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance and hence, the half-life of Ondansetron. On the basis of available data, no dosage adjustment of Ondasetron is recommended for patients on these drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Carcinogenic effects were not seen in 2-year studies in rats and mice with oral Ondansetron doses up to 10 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively. Ondansetron was not mutagenic in standard tests for mutagenicity. Oral administration of Ondansetron up to 15 mg/kg per day did not affect fertility or general reproduction performance of male and female rats.

Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats and rabbits at daily oral doses up to 15 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Ondansetron. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ondansetron is excreted in the breast milk of rats. So caution should be exercised when Ondansetron is administered to a nursing women.

Pediatric usageView

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function: The dosage recommendation is the same as for the general population.

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: In patients with severe hepatic impairment, a single maximal daily dose of 8 mg to be infused over 15 minutes beginning 30 minutes before the start of the emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended.

4 years of age or younger: Little information is available about dosage in pediatric patients 4 years of age or younger.

Over the age of 65: Dosage adjustment is not needed in patients over the age of 65.

StorageView

Store at temperature not exceeding 30ºC in a dry place. Protect from light and moisture.

Osetron

Ondansetron

Oral Solution 4 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anti-emetic drugs

Indications

Post-operative nausea and vomiting

Indication detailsView

Ondansetron is a serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist indicated:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.
Prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Therapeutic classView

Anti-emetic drugs

PharmacologyView

Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5HT₃ receptor-antagonist. Its precise mode of action in the control of nausea and vomiting is not known. Chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause release of 5HT in the small intestine initiating a vomiting reflex by activating vagal afferents via 5HT₃ receptors. Ondansetron blocks the initiation of this reflex. Activation of vagal afferents may also cause a release of 5HT in the area postrema, located on the floor of the fourth ventricle, and this may also promote emesis through a central mechanism. Thus, the effect of ondansetron in the management of the nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is probably due to antagonism of 5HT₃ receptors on neurons located both in the peripheral and central nervous system. The mechanisms of action in post-operative nausea and vomiting are not known but there may be common pathways with cytotoxic induced nausea and vomiting.

DosageView

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults, Pediatric patients (6 months to 18 years):

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Initial Dose: 8 mg orally 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy. Post Radiotherapy: 8 mg orally every 8 hours for up to 5 days after a course of treatment.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: 16 mg given as two 8 mg tablets
4 mg orodispersible tablet: 16 mg
Injection: 4 mg

Pediatrics (>40 kg): Injection: 4 mg
Pediatrics (40 kg): Injection: 0.1 mg/kg

Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over:

Highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 30 ml (24 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy.
Moderate emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy. A further 10 ml dose should be administered after 8 hours of the first dose. One 10 ml dose should be administered twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Pediatric (4-11 years): 5 ml (4 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be taken 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The other 2 doses should be taken 4 and 8 hours after the first dose. Then 5 ml oral solution should be administered 3 times a day (every 8 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Oral solution:

Radiotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

The recommended oral dosage: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 3 times daily.
For total body irradiation: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before each fraction of radiotherapy administered each day.
For single high-dose fraction radiotherapy to the abdomen: one 10 ml Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for 1 to 2 days after completion of radiotherapy.
For daily fractionated radiotherapy to the abdomen: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for each day radiotherapy is given.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

20 ml (16 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 1 hour before induction of anesthesia

Oral Soluble Film:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adult oral dose: 24 mg given successively as three 8 mg films 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: One 8 mg film 30 minutes before chemotherapy followed by an 8 mg dose 8 hours later. Administer one 8 mg film twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Pediatric patients 4 through 11 years of age: One 4 mg film three times a day. Administer the first dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy, with subsequent doses 4 and 8 hours later. Administer one 4 mg film three times a day (every 8 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy: The adult dosage is one 8 mg film three times a day.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: The adult dose is 16 mg given successively as two 8 mg films 1 hour before anesthesia.

AdministrationView

Administration of Oral Soluble Film:

Step 1: Tear the pouch carefully along with the edge tear mark.
Step 2: Put the Ondansetron film on top of your tongue. It will dissolve within 20 seconds
Step 3: Do not chew or swallow the film whole.
Step 4: Swallow after the Onsaf oral soluble film dissolves. You may swallow the dissolved film with or without liquid.
Step 5: Wash your hands after taking Onsaf oral soluble film

Side effectsView

Frequently reported adverse events were headache, constipation and diarrhea, but the majority have been mild or moderate in nature. In chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, rash has occurred in approximately 1% of patients receiving Ondansetron. There also have been reports to a sensation of flushing or warmth, hiccups and liver enzyme abnormalities. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, brochospasm, tachycardia, angina (chest pain), hypokalemia, shortness of breath have also been reported, except for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis, the relationship to Ondansetron is unclear. There have been no evidence to extrapyramidal reactions, in rare case oculogyric crisis appearing alone, as well as with other dystonic reactions without definitive clinical evidence. In case of PONV, with the exception of headache, rates of these events were not significantly different in the Ondansetron and placebo groups.

ContraindicationsView

Contraindicated in patients known to have hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Concomitant use of apomorphine.

PrecautionsView

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Ondansetron is not a drug that stimulates gastric or intestinal peristalsis. It should not be used instead of nasogastric suction. The use of Ondansetron in patients following abdominal surgery or in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may mask a progressive ileus and/or gastric distension.

InteractionsView

Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because Ondansetron is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance and hence, the half-life of Ondansetron. On the basis of available data, no dosage adjustment of Ondasetron is recommended for patients on these drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Carcinogenic effects were not seen in 2-year studies in rats and mice with oral Ondansetron doses up to 10 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively. Ondansetron was not mutagenic in standard tests for mutagenicity. Oral administration of Ondansetron up to 15 mg/kg per day did not affect fertility or general reproduction performance of male and female rats.

Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats and rabbits at daily oral doses up to 15 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Ondansetron. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ondansetron is excreted in the breast milk of rats. So caution should be exercised when Ondansetron is administered to a nursing women.

Pediatric usageView

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function: The dosage recommendation is the same as for the general population.

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: In patients with severe hepatic impairment, a single maximal daily dose of 8 mg to be infused over 15 minutes beginning 30 minutes before the start of the emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended.

4 years of age or younger: Little information is available about dosage in pediatric patients 4 years of age or younger.

Over the age of 65: Dosage adjustment is not needed in patients over the age of 65.

StorageView

Store at temperature not exceeding 30ºC in a dry place. Protect from light and moisture.

Osetron

Ondansetron

Tablet 8 mg Allopathic Anti-emetic drugs

Indications

Post-operative nausea and vomiting

Indication detailsView

Ondansetron is a serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist indicated:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.
Prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Therapeutic classView

Anti-emetic drugs

PharmacologyView

Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5HT₃ receptor-antagonist. Its precise mode of action in the control of nausea and vomiting is not known. Chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause release of 5HT in the small intestine initiating a vomiting reflex by activating vagal afferents via 5HT₃ receptors. Ondansetron blocks the initiation of this reflex. Activation of vagal afferents may also cause a release of 5HT in the area postrema, located on the floor of the fourth ventricle, and this may also promote emesis through a central mechanism. Thus, the effect of ondansetron in the management of the nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is probably due to antagonism of 5HT₃ receptors on neurons located both in the peripheral and central nervous system. The mechanisms of action in post-operative nausea and vomiting are not known but there may be common pathways with cytotoxic induced nausea and vomiting.

DosageView

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults, Pediatric patients (6 months to 18 years):

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: Initial Dose: 8 mg orally 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy. Post Radiotherapy: 8 mg orally every 8 hours for up to 5 days after a course of treatment.
4 mg orodispersible tablet: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose.
Injection: Three 0.15 mg/kg doses, up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose, infused intravenously over 15 minutes.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults:

8 mg tablet/orodispersible tablet: 16 mg given as two 8 mg tablets
4 mg orodispersible tablet: 16 mg
Injection: 4 mg

Pediatrics (>40 kg): Injection: 4 mg
Pediatrics (40 kg): Injection: 0.1 mg/kg

Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting-
Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over:

Highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 30 ml (24 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy.
Moderate emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution administered 30 minutes before start of emetogenic chemotherapy. A further 10 ml dose should be administered after 8 hours of the first dose. One 10 ml dose should be administered twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Pediatric (4-11 years): 5 ml (4 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be taken 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The other 2 doses should be taken 4 and 8 hours after the first dose. Then 5 ml oral solution should be administered 3 times a day (every 8 hours) for 1-2 days after completion of chemotherapy.

Oral solution:

Radiotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

The recommended oral dosage: 10 ml (8 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 3 times daily.
For total body irradiation: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before each fraction of radiotherapy administered each day.
For single high-dose fraction radiotherapy to the abdomen: one 10 ml Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for 1 to 2 days after completion of radiotherapy.
For daily fractionated radiotherapy to the abdomen: 10 ml (8-mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution should be administered 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, with subsequent doses every 8 hours after the first dose for each day radiotherapy is given.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Adults/Geriatric/Child of 12 years or over):

20 ml (16 mg) Ondansetron Oral Solution 1 hour before induction of anesthesia

Oral Soluble Film:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adult oral dose: 24 mg given successively as three 8 mg films 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy:

Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: One 8 mg film 30 minutes before chemotherapy followed by an 8 mg dose 8 hours later. Administer one 8 mg film twice a day (every 12 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Pediatric patients 4 through 11 years of age: One 4 mg film three times a day. Administer the first dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy, with subsequent doses 4 and 8 hours later. Administer one 4 mg film three times a day (every 8 hours) for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy: The adult dosage is one 8 mg film three times a day.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: The adult dose is 16 mg given successively as two 8 mg films 1 hour before anesthesia.

AdministrationView

Administration of Oral Soluble Film:

Step 1: Tear the pouch carefully along with the edge tear mark.
Step 2: Put the Ondansetron film on top of your tongue. It will dissolve within 20 seconds
Step 3: Do not chew or swallow the film whole.
Step 4: Swallow after the Onsaf oral soluble film dissolves. You may swallow the dissolved film with or without liquid.
Step 5: Wash your hands after taking Onsaf oral soluble film

Side effectsView

Frequently reported adverse events were headache, constipation and diarrhea, but the majority have been mild or moderate in nature. In chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, rash has occurred in approximately 1% of patients receiving Ondansetron. There also have been reports to a sensation of flushing or warmth, hiccups and liver enzyme abnormalities. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, brochospasm, tachycardia, angina (chest pain), hypokalemia, shortness of breath have also been reported, except for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis, the relationship to Ondansetron is unclear. There have been no evidence to extrapyramidal reactions, in rare case oculogyric crisis appearing alone, as well as with other dystonic reactions without definitive clinical evidence. In case of PONV, with the exception of headache, rates of these events were not significantly different in the Ondansetron and placebo groups.

ContraindicationsView

Contraindicated in patients known to have hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Concomitant use of apomorphine.

PrecautionsView

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Ondansetron is not a drug that stimulates gastric or intestinal peristalsis. It should not be used instead of nasogastric suction. The use of Ondansetron in patients following abdominal surgery or in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may mask a progressive ileus and/or gastric distension.

InteractionsView

Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because Ondansetron is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance and hence, the half-life of Ondansetron. On the basis of available data, no dosage adjustment of Ondasetron is recommended for patients on these drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Carcinogenic effects were not seen in 2-year studies in rats and mice with oral Ondansetron doses up to 10 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively. Ondansetron was not mutagenic in standard tests for mutagenicity. Oral administration of Ondansetron up to 15 mg/kg per day did not affect fertility or general reproduction performance of male and female rats.

Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats and rabbits at daily oral doses up to 15 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Ondansetron. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ondansetron is excreted in the breast milk of rats. So caution should be exercised when Ondansetron is administered to a nursing women.

Pediatric usageView

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function: The dosage recommendation is the same as for the general population.

Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: In patients with severe hepatic impairment, a single maximal daily dose of 8 mg to be infused over 15 minutes beginning 30 minutes before the start of the emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended.

4 years of age or younger: Little information is available about dosage in pediatric patients 4 years of age or younger.

Over the age of 65: Dosage adjustment is not needed in patients over the age of 65.

StorageView

Store at temperature not exceeding 30ºC in a dry place. Protect from light and moisture.

Osicent

Osimertinib

Tablet 80 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Indications

Non-small cell lung cancer

Indication detailsView

Osimertinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Therapeutic classView

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

PharmacologyView

Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that binds to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) that predominate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours following treatment with first-line EGFR-TKIs. As a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib is specific for the gate-keeper T790M mutation which increases ATP binding activity to EGFR and results in poor prognosis for late-stage disease. Furthermore, osimertinib has been shown to spare wild-type EGFR during therapy, thereby reducing non-specific binding and limiting toxicity.

DosageView

The recommended dose of Osimertinib is 80 mg once a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Osimertinib can be taken with or without food. If a dose of Osimertinib is missed, do not make up the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled.

AdministrationView

Administration To Patients Who Have Difficulty Swallowing Solids: Disperse tablet in 60 ml (2 ounces) of non-carbonated water only. Stir until tablet is dispersed into small pieces (the tablet will not completely dissolve) and swallow immediately. Do not crush, heat, or ultrasonicate during preparation. Rinse the container with 120 ml to 240 ml (4 to 8 ounces of) water and immediately drink.

If administration via nasogastric tube is required, disperse the tablet as above in 15 ml of non-carbonated water, and then use an additional 15 ml of water to transfer any residues to the syringe. The resulting 30 ml liquid should be administered as per the nasogastric tube instructions with appropriate water flushes (approximately 30 ml).

Side effectsView

Common side effects are Interstitial Lung Disease or Pneumonitis, QTc Interval Prolongation, Cardiomyopathy, Keratitis

InteractionsView

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: If concurrent use is unavoidable, increase Osimertinib dosage to 160 mg daily when coadministering with a strong CYP3A inducer. Resume Osimertinib at 80 mg 3 weeks after discontinuation of the strong CYP3A4 inducer

Pregnancy & lactationView

Use in Pregnancy: There are no or limited amount of data from the use of Osimertinib in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity. Based on its mechanism of action and preclinical data, Osimertinib may cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of osimertinib to pregnant rats was associated with embryolethality, reduced foetal growth and neonatal death at exposures similar to what is expected in humans. Osimertinib is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.

Use in Lactation: It is not known whether osimertinib or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Administration to rats during gestation and early lactation was associated with adverse effects, including reduced growth rates and neonatal death. There is insufficient information on the excretion of osimertinib or its metabolites in animal milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should discontinue during treatment with Osimertinib.

Fertility: There are no data on the effect of Osimertinib on human fertility. Results from animal studies have shown that Osimertinib has effects on male and female reproductive organs and could impair fertility

StorageView

Store Osimertinib at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C. Safely throw away medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need. Keep Osimertinib and all medicines out of the reach of children.

Osimert

Osimertinib

Tablet 80 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Indications

Non-small cell lung cancer

Indication detailsView

Osimertinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Therapeutic classView

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

PharmacologyView

Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that binds to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) that predominate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours following treatment with first-line EGFR-TKIs. As a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib is specific for the gate-keeper T790M mutation which increases ATP binding activity to EGFR and results in poor prognosis for late-stage disease. Furthermore, osimertinib has been shown to spare wild-type EGFR during therapy, thereby reducing non-specific binding and limiting toxicity.

DosageView

The recommended dose of Osimertinib is 80 mg once a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Osimertinib can be taken with or without food. If a dose of Osimertinib is missed, do not make up the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled.

AdministrationView

Administration To Patients Who Have Difficulty Swallowing Solids: Disperse tablet in 60 ml (2 ounces) of non-carbonated water only. Stir until tablet is dispersed into small pieces (the tablet will not completely dissolve) and swallow immediately. Do not crush, heat, or ultrasonicate during preparation. Rinse the container with 120 ml to 240 ml (4 to 8 ounces of) water and immediately drink.

If administration via nasogastric tube is required, disperse the tablet as above in 15 ml of non-carbonated water, and then use an additional 15 ml of water to transfer any residues to the syringe. The resulting 30 ml liquid should be administered as per the nasogastric tube instructions with appropriate water flushes (approximately 30 ml).

Side effectsView

Common side effects are Interstitial Lung Disease or Pneumonitis, QTc Interval Prolongation, Cardiomyopathy, Keratitis

InteractionsView

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: If concurrent use is unavoidable, increase Osimertinib dosage to 160 mg daily when coadministering with a strong CYP3A inducer. Resume Osimertinib at 80 mg 3 weeks after discontinuation of the strong CYP3A4 inducer

Pregnancy & lactationView

Use in Pregnancy: There are no or limited amount of data from the use of Osimertinib in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity. Based on its mechanism of action and preclinical data, Osimertinib may cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of osimertinib to pregnant rats was associated with embryolethality, reduced foetal growth and neonatal death at exposures similar to what is expected in humans. Osimertinib is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.

Use in Lactation: It is not known whether osimertinib or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Administration to rats during gestation and early lactation was associated with adverse effects, including reduced growth rates and neonatal death. There is insufficient information on the excretion of osimertinib or its metabolites in animal milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should discontinue during treatment with Osimertinib.

Fertility: There are no data on the effect of Osimertinib on human fertility. Results from animal studies have shown that Osimertinib has effects on male and female reproductive organs and could impair fertility

StorageView

Store Osimertinib at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C. Safely throw away medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need. Keep Osimertinib and all medicines out of the reach of children.

Osinib

Osimertinib

Tablet 80 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Indications

Non-small cell lung cancer

Indication detailsView

Osimertinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Therapeutic classView

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

PharmacologyView

Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that binds to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) that predominate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours following treatment with first-line EGFR-TKIs. As a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib is specific for the gate-keeper T790M mutation which increases ATP binding activity to EGFR and results in poor prognosis for late-stage disease. Furthermore, osimertinib has been shown to spare wild-type EGFR during therapy, thereby reducing non-specific binding and limiting toxicity.

DosageView

The recommended dose of Osimertinib is 80 mg once a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Osimertinib can be taken with or without food. If a dose of Osimertinib is missed, do not make up the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled.

AdministrationView

Administration To Patients Who Have Difficulty Swallowing Solids: Disperse tablet in 60 ml (2 ounces) of non-carbonated water only. Stir until tablet is dispersed into small pieces (the tablet will not completely dissolve) and swallow immediately. Do not crush, heat, or ultrasonicate during preparation. Rinse the container with 120 ml to 240 ml (4 to 8 ounces of) water and immediately drink.

If administration via nasogastric tube is required, disperse the tablet as above in 15 ml of non-carbonated water, and then use an additional 15 ml of water to transfer any residues to the syringe. The resulting 30 ml liquid should be administered as per the nasogastric tube instructions with appropriate water flushes (approximately 30 ml).

Side effectsView

Common side effects are Interstitial Lung Disease or Pneumonitis, QTc Interval Prolongation, Cardiomyopathy, Keratitis

InteractionsView

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: If concurrent use is unavoidable, increase Osimertinib dosage to 160 mg daily when coadministering with a strong CYP3A inducer. Resume Osimertinib at 80 mg 3 weeks after discontinuation of the strong CYP3A4 inducer

Pregnancy & lactationView

Use in Pregnancy: There are no or limited amount of data from the use of Osimertinib in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity. Based on its mechanism of action and preclinical data, Osimertinib may cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of osimertinib to pregnant rats was associated with embryolethality, reduced foetal growth and neonatal death at exposures similar to what is expected in humans. Osimertinib is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.

Use in Lactation: It is not known whether osimertinib or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Administration to rats during gestation and early lactation was associated with adverse effects, including reduced growth rates and neonatal death. There is insufficient information on the excretion of osimertinib or its metabolites in animal milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should discontinue during treatment with Osimertinib.

Fertility: There are no data on the effect of Osimertinib on human fertility. Results from animal studies have shown that Osimertinib has effects on male and female reproductive organs and could impair fertility

StorageView

Store Osimertinib at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C. Safely throw away medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need. Keep Osimertinib and all medicines out of the reach of children.

Osmifen

Ospemifene

Tablet 60 mg Allopathic Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition

Indications

Vaginal dryness

Indication detailsView

Ospemifene is indicated for:

The Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dyspareunia, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause.
The Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vaginal Dryness, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition

PharmacologyView

Ospemifene is an estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue selective effects. Its biological actions are mediated through binding to estrogen receptors. This binding results in activation of estrogenic pathways in some tissues (agonism) and blockade of estrogenic pathways in others (antagonism).

DosageView

Ospemifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist which has agonistic effects on the endometrium. Use of Ospemifene should be for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Postmenopausal women should be re-evaluated periodically as clinically appropriate to determine if treatment is still necessary.

Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dyspareunia, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause: Take one 60 mg tablet with food once daily.
Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vaginal Dryness, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause: Take one 60 mg tablet with food once daily.

Side effectsView

Adverse reactions (≥1 percent) include hot flush, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, headache, hyperhidrosis, vaginal hemorrhage, night sweats.

ContraindicationsView

Ospemifene is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions:

Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia
Active DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), or a history of these conditions
Active arterial thromboembolic disease [for example, stroke and myocardial infarction (MI)], or a history of these conditions
Hypersensitivity (for example, angioedema, urticaria, rash, pruritus) to Ospemifene or any ingredients
Ospemifene is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Ospemifene may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Ospemifene was embryo-fetal lethal with labor difficulties and increased pup deaths in rats at doses below clinical exposures, and embryo-fetal lethal in rabbits at 10 times the clinical exposure based on mg/m 2 . If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if a woman becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus.

PrecautionsView

Venous Thromboembolism: Risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism
Known, suspected, or history of breast cancer
Severe Hepatic Impairment

InteractionsView

Do not use estrogens or estrogen agonist/antagonist concomitantly with Ospemifene.
Do not use fluconazole concomitantly with Ospemifene. Fluconazole increases serum concentrations of Ospemifene.
Do not use rifampin concomitantly with Ospemifene. Rifampin decreases serum concentration of Ospemifene.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Ospemifene is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if a woman becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus. Based on animal data, Ospemifene is likely to increase the risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and labor. Adverse findings at maternally toxic doses included embryofetal lethality in rats and rabbits, and neonatal mortality and difficult labor in rats. The reproductive effects observed are consistent with and are considered to be related to the estrogen receptor activity of Ospemifene.

Lactation: It is not known whether Ospemifene is excreted in human breast milk. There are no data on the effects of Ospemifene on the breastfed child or the effects on milk production. Do not breastfeed while taking Ospemifene. Ospemifene was excreted in rat milk

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric Use: Ospemifene is not indicated in children. Clinical studies have not been conducted in the pediatric population.

Geriatric Use: Of the 2209 Ospemifene-treated women enrolled in the ten phase 2/3 trials of Ospemifene, >19 percent were 65 years of age or older. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these women and younger women less than 65 years of age.

Renal Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene in women with severe renal impairment (CrCL <30 mL/min) was similar to those in women with normal renal function. No dose adjustment of Ospemifene is required in women with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene has not been studied in women with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C); therefore, do not use Ospemifene in women with severe hepatic impairment

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osmigen

Osimertinib

Tablet 80 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Indications

Non-small cell lung cancer

Indication detailsView

Osimertinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Therapeutic classView

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

PharmacologyView

Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that binds to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) that predominate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours following treatment with first-line EGFR-TKIs. As a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib is specific for the gate-keeper T790M mutation which increases ATP binding activity to EGFR and results in poor prognosis for late-stage disease. Furthermore, osimertinib has been shown to spare wild-type EGFR during therapy, thereby reducing non-specific binding and limiting toxicity.

DosageView

The recommended dose of Osimertinib is 80 mg once a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Osimertinib can be taken with or without food. If a dose of Osimertinib is missed, do not make up the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled.

AdministrationView

Administration To Patients Who Have Difficulty Swallowing Solids: Disperse tablet in 60 ml (2 ounces) of non-carbonated water only. Stir until tablet is dispersed into small pieces (the tablet will not completely dissolve) and swallow immediately. Do not crush, heat, or ultrasonicate during preparation. Rinse the container with 120 ml to 240 ml (4 to 8 ounces of) water and immediately drink.

If administration via nasogastric tube is required, disperse the tablet as above in 15 ml of non-carbonated water, and then use an additional 15 ml of water to transfer any residues to the syringe. The resulting 30 ml liquid should be administered as per the nasogastric tube instructions with appropriate water flushes (approximately 30 ml).

Side effectsView

Common side effects are Interstitial Lung Disease or Pneumonitis, QTc Interval Prolongation, Cardiomyopathy, Keratitis

InteractionsView

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: If concurrent use is unavoidable, increase Osimertinib dosage to 160 mg daily when coadministering with a strong CYP3A inducer. Resume Osimertinib at 80 mg 3 weeks after discontinuation of the strong CYP3A4 inducer

Pregnancy & lactationView

Use in Pregnancy: There are no or limited amount of data from the use of Osimertinib in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity. Based on its mechanism of action and preclinical data, Osimertinib may cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of osimertinib to pregnant rats was associated with embryolethality, reduced foetal growth and neonatal death at exposures similar to what is expected in humans. Osimertinib is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.

Use in Lactation: It is not known whether osimertinib or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Administration to rats during gestation and early lactation was associated with adverse effects, including reduced growth rates and neonatal death. There is insufficient information on the excretion of osimertinib or its metabolites in animal milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should discontinue during treatment with Osimertinib.

Fertility: There are no data on the effect of Osimertinib on human fertility. Results from animal studies have shown that Osimertinib has effects on male and female reproductive organs and could impair fertility

StorageView

Store Osimertinib at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C. Safely throw away medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need. Keep Osimertinib and all medicines out of the reach of children.

Osmin-D

Calcium Carbonate [Elemental source] + Vitamin D3

Tablet 500 mg+200 IU Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

Indications

Rickets

Indication detailsView

This combination is used for treatment of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, tetany and in parathyroid disease. Calcium supplements are often used to ensure adequate dietary intake in conditions such as pregnancy & lactation, osteogenesis and tooth formation (adjunct with definite treatment) and therapy with anti-seizure medications. It is also used as routine supplement and phosphate binder in chronic renal failure.

Therapeutic classView

Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

PharmacologyView

This is the preparation of Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). Calcium is necessary for many normal functions of our body, especially bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D3 helps for the absorption & reabsorption of Calcium. Vitamin D3 also stimulates bone formation. Clinical studies showed that Calcium and Vitamin D3 all together helps in bone growth, and in prevention of osteoporosis & bone fracture.

DosageView

Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 200 IU Tablet: 2 tablets daily or 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.

Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 400 IU Tablet: 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.

Side effectsView

It is generally well tolerated. If there is experience like nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, dry mouth, increased thirst, increased urination while taking, noticed to physicians. Constipation may occur.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in case of hypercalcaemia, hyperthyroidism, renal calculi & nephrolithiasis and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

PrecautionsView

If there is any pre-existing heart disease or kidney disease, precautions should be taken.

InteractionsView

It has possible interaction with calcium, aluminium or magnesium containing antacids & other calcium supplements, calcitriol & other vitamin D3 supplements; digoxin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline or oxytetracycline.

Pregnancy & lactationView

This combination should be used as directed by physician during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of overdosage may include nausea and vomiting, severe drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, metallic taste, stomach cramps, diarrhea, headache, constipation.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osmina

Ospemifene

Tablet 60 mg Allopathic Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition

Indications

Vaginal dryness

Indication detailsView

Ospemifene is indicated for:

The Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dyspareunia, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause.
The Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vaginal Dryness, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition

PharmacologyView

Ospemifene is an estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue selective effects. Its biological actions are mediated through binding to estrogen receptors. This binding results in activation of estrogenic pathways in some tissues (agonism) and blockade of estrogenic pathways in others (antagonism).

DosageView

Ospemifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist which has agonistic effects on the endometrium. Use of Ospemifene should be for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Postmenopausal women should be re-evaluated periodically as clinically appropriate to determine if treatment is still necessary.

Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dyspareunia, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause: Take one 60 mg tablet with food once daily.
Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vaginal Dryness, a Symptom of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Due to Menopause: Take one 60 mg tablet with food once daily.

Side effectsView

Adverse reactions (≥1 percent) include hot flush, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, headache, hyperhidrosis, vaginal hemorrhage, night sweats.

ContraindicationsView

Ospemifene is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions:

Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia
Active DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), or a history of these conditions
Active arterial thromboembolic disease [for example, stroke and myocardial infarction (MI)], or a history of these conditions
Hypersensitivity (for example, angioedema, urticaria, rash, pruritus) to Ospemifene or any ingredients
Ospemifene is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Ospemifene may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Ospemifene was embryo-fetal lethal with labor difficulties and increased pup deaths in rats at doses below clinical exposures, and embryo-fetal lethal in rabbits at 10 times the clinical exposure based on mg/m 2 . If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if a woman becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus.

PrecautionsView

Venous Thromboembolism: Risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism
Known, suspected, or history of breast cancer
Severe Hepatic Impairment

InteractionsView

Do not use estrogens or estrogen agonist/antagonist concomitantly with Ospemifene.
Do not use fluconazole concomitantly with Ospemifene. Fluconazole increases serum concentrations of Ospemifene.
Do not use rifampin concomitantly with Ospemifene. Rifampin decreases serum concentration of Ospemifene.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Ospemifene is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if a woman becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus. Based on animal data, Ospemifene is likely to increase the risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and labor. Adverse findings at maternally toxic doses included embryofetal lethality in rats and rabbits, and neonatal mortality and difficult labor in rats. The reproductive effects observed are consistent with and are considered to be related to the estrogen receptor activity of Ospemifene.

Lactation: It is not known whether Ospemifene is excreted in human breast milk. There are no data on the effects of Ospemifene on the breastfed child or the effects on milk production. Do not breastfeed while taking Ospemifene. Ospemifene was excreted in rat milk

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric Use: Ospemifene is not indicated in children. Clinical studies have not been conducted in the pediatric population.

Geriatric Use: Of the 2209 Ospemifene-treated women enrolled in the ten phase 2/3 trials of Ospemifene, >19 percent were 65 years of age or older. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these women and younger women less than 65 years of age.

Renal Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene in women with severe renal impairment (CrCL <30 mL/min) was similar to those in women with normal renal function. No dose adjustment of Ospemifene is required in women with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene has not been studied in women with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C); therefore, do not use Ospemifene in women with severe hepatic impairment

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osmolax

Lactulose

Oral Solution 3.35 gm/5 ml Allopathic Osmotic purgatives

Indications

Osmotic laxative

Indication detailsView

Constipation (Chronic Constipation): In every case of chronic constipation, initial treatment should consist of a diet rich in fiber (vegetables, salads, fruits etc.) a generous amount of liquids and much physical exercise. Lactulose is only to be taken when these measures prove insufficient.

Intestinal flora disturbances:

In damaged to intestinal flora (e.g. following long-term antibiotic treatment)
gall bladder diseases
intestinal diseases ( Colitis, Diverticulosis, Megacolon)

Increased blood ammonia levels (hyper ammoniemia in hepatopathy, portal-systemic encephalopathy)

Therapeutic classView

Osmotic purgatives

PharmacologyView

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide. Lactulose is metabolized in the colon by the saccharolytic bacteria, producing low molecular weight organic acids (mainly lactic acid), which lowers the pH of the colon contents, promote the retention of water by an osmotic effect; thus increasing peristaltic activity. Lactulose is minimally absorbed; therefore, the pharmacokinetics of the absorbed material are not relevant to the principal therapeutic action.

DosageView

In constipation ( chronic constipation):

Adults: Initially 3-6 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1½-6 tea-spoons daily
Children up to 14 years: Initially 3 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1-2 tea-spoons daily
Infants and toddlers: Initially 1-2 tea-spoons daily, In long-term therapy 1 tea-spoon daily

In damaged intestinal flora:

Adults: 1-2 tea-spoons daily
Children: 1 tea-spoon daily

For reduction of blood ammonia level:

Hyper-ammoniemia in hepatopathy: a maximum of 18-30 tea-spoons daily.
In portal systemic encephalopathy: hourly doses of 6-9 tea-spoons of Lactulose solution may be used to induce the rapid laxation. When the laxative effect has been achieved, the dose may then be reduced.

Side effectsView

Occasionally flatulence, cramp and abdominal discomfort can occur at the beginning of treatment; this is rapidly eliminated by reducing the dose. Overdose can result in diarrhoea. In abuse, loss of electrolytes (primarily potassium).

ContraindicationsView

Hypersensitivity to either galactose and or lactose; galactose-free diet, gastro-cardial symptom complex, suspected intestinal obstruction.

PrecautionsView

Lactulose should be administered with care to patients who are intolerant to lactulose. The dose used in the treatment of (pre) coma hepaticum is usually much higher and may need to be taken into consideration for diabetics.

InteractionsView

There is no significant drug interactions with lactulose. The glycosidic effect of cardiac glycosides can be intensified by potassium deficiency in abuse.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA Pregnancy Category of Lactulose is B. Studies show that Lactulose has no adverse effects. Decisions regarding use during pregnancy and lactation must be made by registered physician.

Overdose effectsView

There have been no reports of accidental overdosage. In the event of acute overdosage it is expected that diarrhoea and abdominal cramps would be the major symptoms.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Osmosol

Mannitol

IV Infusion 20% Allopathic Osmotic diuretics

Indications

Elevated intraocular pressure

Indication detailsView

Mannitol is principally used by IV infusion as an osmotic diuretic to preserve renal function in acute renal failure and to reduce raised intracranial and intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also used as an irrigating solution to prevent hemolysis and hemoglobin buildup during transurethral prostatic resection. It is useful in the management of acute drug poisoning where a route of elimination is through kidney. Besides these, it is also used in symptomatic relief of edema, reperfusion injury, termination of pregnancy, and bowel preparation. So, Mannitol is indicated in-

Renal insufficiency
Reperfusion injury
Raised intracranial pressure
Bladder irrigation
Raised intraocular pressure
Bowel preparation
Edematous status
As a prophylactic in renal failure
Management of poisoning
Termination of Pregnancy

Therapeutic classView

Osmotic diuretics

DosageView

The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated

Renal insufficiency-

Adults: 50 to 100 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr.
Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m² of body surface area administered over a period of 2 to 6 hrs.

Cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, elevated intraocular pressure, Glaucoma-

Adults: 1.5 to 2 gm/kg administered over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
Children: 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m² of body surface area administered over a period of 30 to 60 mins.

Adjunctive therapy for removal of toxic substances-

Adults: 50 to 200 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjust to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr.
Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m² of body surface area

For termination of pregnancy 50 gm of Mannitol (250 ml of Mannitol) is instilled into the amniotic cavity which induces abortion in a high proportion of pregnancies.

Side effectsView

The most common side effects associated with Mannitol intravenous infusion is fluid and electrolytes imbalance including circulatory overload and acidosis at high doses. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, fever, tachycardia, chest pain, hyponatraemia, dehydration, blurred vision, urticaria, and hypertension or hypotension.

ContraindicationsView

Mannitol intravenous infusion is contraindicated in patients with pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It is also contraindicated during inadequate urine flow, dehydration or acidosis, intracranial bleeding and in patients with renal failure unless a test dose has produced a diuretic response.

PrecautionsView

Careful monitoring of rate of administration of Mannitol is necessary to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading. The infusion should be discontinued if the patient develops signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure or pulmonary congestion. Mannitol should not be administered with whole blood. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises from any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles or after expiry date.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Safety of Mannitol intravenous infusion in pregnancy has not been established yet. No information is available on the excretion of mannitol in breast milk and should be administered after careful consideration of risk-benefit ratio.

StorageView

Mannitol should be stored at a temperature of 20° to 30°. Exposure to lower temperatures may cause deposition of crystals, which should be dissolved by warming the bottle in hot water for about 30 minutes. Cool to body temperature before using. If all crystals can not be dissolved, the solution should not be used. The content of open containers should be used promptly. Unused contents should be discarded.

Osmotic

Mannitol

IV Infusion 20% Allopathic Osmotic diuretics

Indications

Elevated intraocular pressure

Indication detailsView

Mannitol is principally used by IV infusion as an osmotic diuretic to preserve renal function in acute renal failure and to reduce raised intracranial and intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also used as an irrigating solution to prevent hemolysis and hemoglobin buildup during transurethral prostatic resection. It is useful in the management of acute drug poisoning where a route of elimination is through kidney. Besides these, it is also used in symptomatic relief of edema, reperfusion injury, termination of pregnancy, and bowel preparation. So, Mannitol is indicated in-

Renal insufficiency
Reperfusion injury
Raised intracranial pressure
Bladder irrigation
Raised intraocular pressure
Bowel preparation
Edematous status
As a prophylactic in renal failure
Management of poisoning
Termination of Pregnancy

Therapeutic classView

Osmotic diuretics

DosageView

The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated

Renal insufficiency-

Adults: 50 to 100 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr.
Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m² of body surface area administered over a period of 2 to 6 hrs.

Cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, elevated intraocular pressure, Glaucoma-

Adults: 1.5 to 2 gm/kg administered over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
Children: 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m² of body surface area administered over a period of 30 to 60 mins.

Adjunctive therapy for removal of toxic substances-

Adults: 50 to 200 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjust to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr.
Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m² of body surface area

For termination of pregnancy 50 gm of Mannitol (250 ml of Mannitol) is instilled into the amniotic cavity which induces abortion in a high proportion of pregnancies.

Side effectsView

The most common side effects associated with Mannitol intravenous infusion is fluid and electrolytes imbalance including circulatory overload and acidosis at high doses. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, fever, tachycardia, chest pain, hyponatraemia, dehydration, blurred vision, urticaria, and hypertension or hypotension.

ContraindicationsView

Mannitol intravenous infusion is contraindicated in patients with pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It is also contraindicated during inadequate urine flow, dehydration or acidosis, intracranial bleeding and in patients with renal failure unless a test dose has produced a diuretic response.

PrecautionsView

Careful monitoring of rate of administration of Mannitol is necessary to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading. The infusion should be discontinued if the patient develops signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure or pulmonary congestion. Mannitol should not be administered with whole blood. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises from any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles or after expiry date.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Safety of Mannitol intravenous infusion in pregnancy has not been established yet. No information is available on the excretion of mannitol in breast milk and should be administered after careful consideration of risk-benefit ratio.

StorageView

Mannitol should be stored at a temperature of 20° to 30°. Exposure to lower temperatures may cause deposition of crystals, which should be dissolved by warming the bottle in hot water for about 30 minutes. Cool to body temperature before using. If all crystals can not be dissolved, the solution should not be used. The content of open containers should be used promptly. Unused contents should be discarded.

Osovast

Rosuvastatin

Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs

Indications

Stroke

Indication detailsView

Rosuvastatin is indicated in-

Heterozygous Hypercholesterolemia (Familial and Non familial)
Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia (Familial)
Mixed Dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Type IIa and IIb)
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Therapeutic classView

Other Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs, Statins

PharmacologyView

Rosuvastatin is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme that converts 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A to mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol. Rosuvastatin produces its lipid-modifying effects in two ways. First, it increases the number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface to enhance uptake and catabolism of LDL. Second, Rosuvastatin inhibits hepatic synthesis of VLDL, which reduces the total number of VLDL and LDL particles.

DosageView

Dose range: 5-40 mg once daily. Use 40 mg dose only for patients not reaching LDL-C goal with 20 mg

HoFH: Starting dose 20 mg/day.

Pediatric patients with HeFH: 5-10 mg/day for patients 8 to less than 10 years age, and 5-20 mg/day for patients 10 to 17 years of age.

Pediatric patients with HoFH: 20 mg/day for patients 7 to 17 years of age.

AdministrationView

Rosuvastatin can be taken with or without food, at any time of day.

Side effectsView

Rosuvastatin is generally well tolerated. The most frequent adverse events thought to be related to Rosuvastatin were headache, myalgia, constipation, asthenia, abdominal pain and nausea.

ContraindicationsView

Rosuvastatin is contraindicated if-

Known hypersensitivity to product components
Liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels
Pregnant women and women who may become pregnant
Nursing mothers

PrecautionsView

Skeletal muscle effects (e.g., myopathy and rhabdomyolysis): Risks increase with use of 40 mg dose, advanced age (>65 year), hypothyroidism, renal impairment and combination use with cyclosporine, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir or certain other lipid-lowering drugs. Patients should be advised to promptly report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness. Rosuvastatin can be discontinued if signs or symptoms appear.

Liver enzyme abnormalities and monitoring: Persistent elevations in hepatic transaminases can occur.

Liver enzymes should be monitored before and during treatment

InteractionsView

Remarkable drug interactions of Rosuvastatin are-

Cyclosporine: Combination increases Rosuvastatin exposure. Rosuvastatin dose should be limited to 5 mg once daily.
Gemfibrosil: Combination should be avoided. If used together, Rosuvastatin dose should be limited to 10 mg once daily.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir: Combination increases Rosuvastatin exposure. Rosuvastatin dose should be to 10 mg once daily.
Coumarin anticoagulants: Combination prolongs international normalized ratio (INR). Stable INR should be achieved prior to starting Rosuvastatin. INR should be monitored frequently until stable upon initiation or alteration of Rosuvastatin therapy.
Concomitant lipid-lowering therapies: Use with fibrates and niacin products may increase the risk of skeletal muscle effects.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The safety in pregnant women has not been established. It is not known whether Rosuvastatin is excreted in human milk or not.

Pediatric usageView

Use in children: The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

StorageView

Keep below 30^oC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Ossi

Calcium Carbonate

Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Minerals in bone formation

Indication detailsView

250 mg or 500 mg tablet: This is used for the treatment or prevention of calcium depletion in patients in whom dietary measures are inadequate. Conditions that may be associated with calcium deficiency include hypoparathyroidism, achlorhydria, chronic diarrhea, vitamin D deficiency, steatorrhea, sprue, pregnancy and lactation, menopause, pancreatitis, renal failure, alkalosis, and hyperphosphataemia. Calcium Carbonate is being used increasingly often to treat hyperphosphataemia in chronic renal failure as well as those on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and haemodialysis. Many patients are unable to tolerate sufficient doses for complete phosphate control and require additional measures such as stringent dietary phosphate restriction or relatively small doses of aluminium hydroxide. Calcium Carbonate containing preparations can provide short-term relief of dyspeptic systems but are no longer recommended for long-term treatment of peptic ulceration.

1000 mg tablet: This is indicated for the management of conditions associated with hyperidity and for fast relief of acid indigestion, heartburn, sour stomach and upset stomach.

Therapeutic classView

Minerals in bone formation, Specific mineral preparations

PharmacologyView

Calcium carbonate reacts with gastric acid to produce a salt and water. For calcium carbonate the postulated chemical reaction is: CaCO₃+2HCl = CaCl₂+H₂O+CO₂. Two grams of calcium carbonate will readily bring 100 ml of hydrochloric acid to a pH above 6. The increase in gastric pH diminishes the activity of pepsin in the gastric secretion. Up to 30% of the oral calcium load may be absorbed.

DosageView

250 mg or 500 mg tablet: Calcium Carbonate is always used orally and when used as an antacid the recommended doses for adults are equivalent to 540-2000 mg Calcium Carbonate per day, doses for children being half of those for adults. As a dietary supplement, such as for the prevention of osteoporosis, 1250-3750 mg Calcium Carbonate (500-1500 mg calcium) daily is recommended in general, but again this will need to be tailored to the individual patient depending on any specific disease such as Calcium deficiency, malabsorption or parathyroid function. In pregnancy and lactation the recommended daily dose of calcium is 1200-1500 mg. In chronic renal failure the doses used vary from 2.5-9.0 gm Calcium Carbonate per day and need to be adjusted according to the individual patient. To maximize effective phosphate binding in this context the Calcium Carbonate should be given with meals.

1000 mg tablet: 2000-3000 mg tablet when symptoms occur; may be repeated hourly if needed or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Orally administered Calcium Carbonate may be irritating to the GI tract. It may also cause constipation. Hypercalcaemia is rarely produced by administration of calcium alone, but may occur when large doses are given to patients with chronic renal failure.

ContraindicationsView

Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Concomitant digoxin therapy (requires careful monitoring of serum calcium level)

When hypercalcaemia occurs, discontinuation of the drug is usually sufficient to return serum calcium concentrations to normal. Calcium salts should be used cautiously in patients with sarcoidosis, renal or cardiac disease, and in patients receiving cardiac glycosides.

InteractionsView

Calcium Carbonate may enhance the cardiac effects of digoxin and other cardiac glycosides, if systemic hypercalcaemia occurs. Calcium Carbonate may interfere with the absorption of concomitantly administered tetracycline preparations and in chronic renal failure modification of vitamin D therapy may be required to avoid hypercalcaemia when Calcium Carbonate is used as the primary phosphate binder.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Calcium containing drugs have been widely used in pregnancy by way of oral calcium supplementation or antacid therapy. Calcium Carbonate can be used in lactating women too.

Pediatric usageView

Use in children: Calcium carbonate has been extensively studied in children and infants with chronic renal failure and is both safe and effective.

Use in elderly: In case of elderly patients with renal failure when calcium carbonate is taken constipation may be troublesome one for this group. For this reason, monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate is of course indicated for elderly patients.

StorageView

Store in a cool, dry place in controlled room temperature.