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Metsina
Metronidazole
Metsina
Metronidazole
Indications
Vaginal trichomoniasis
Indication detailsView
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
- The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
- The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
- In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
- Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
- All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
- Giardiasis.
- Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
- Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
- Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
- Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
Therapeutic classView
Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
PharmacologyView
Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
DosageView
Tablet and Suspension:
Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-- 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
- 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
- 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
- 800 mg tid for 5 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
- 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
- 2 gm once daily for 3 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
- Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
- Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
- 200 mg tid for 3 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
- 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
- 400 mg bid for 7 days
- 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
- 400 mg tid for 7 days
- 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
- Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
- 400 mg tid started 24 hours before surgery for 1 days
- Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
Vaginal Gel:
The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.
Suppository:
Anaerobic Infections-- Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
- Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
- Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
IV Infusion:
Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.- Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
- Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
Side effectsView
Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
ContraindicationsView
Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
PrecautionsView
- If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
- Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
- Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
InteractionsView
- Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
- Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
- Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
- Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
- Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
- 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
- Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Overdose effectsView
Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
StorageView
Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.
Metsina
Metronidazole
Metsina
Metronidazole
Indications
Vaginal trichomoniasis
Indication detailsView
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
- The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
- The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
- In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
- Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
- All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
- Giardiasis.
- Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
- Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
- Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
- Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
Therapeutic classView
Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
PharmacologyView
Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
DosageView
Tablet and Suspension:
Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-- 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
- 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
- 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
- 800 mg tid for 5 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
- 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
- 2 gm once daily for 3 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
- Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
- Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
- 200 mg tid for 3 days
- Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
- Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
- Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
- 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
- 400 mg bid for 7 days
- 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
- 400 mg tid for 7 days
- 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
- Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
- 400 mg tid started 24 hours before surgery for 1 days
- Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
Vaginal Gel:
The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.
Suppository:
Anaerobic Infections-- Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
- Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
- Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
IV Infusion:
Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.- Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
- Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
Side effectsView
Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
ContraindicationsView
Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
PrecautionsView
- If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
- Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
- Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
InteractionsView
- Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
- Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
- Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
- Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
- Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
- 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
- Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Overdose effectsView
Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
StorageView
Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.
Mevelum
Ispaghula Husk + Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Mevelum
Ispaghula Husk + Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypercholesterolaemia
Indication detailsView
Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine Hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of all kinds of IBS such as IBS-C, IBS-D & IBS-A.
Therapeutic classView
Bulk-forming laxatives, Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
This is a combination of Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine Hydrochloride which is specially designed for IBS. Painful spasms of the gut and irregular bowel habits are the main symptoms of IBS. This product successfully relives these symptoms. Ispaghula Husk contains up to 70% of soluble and 30% of insoluble fibers. This unique feature makes it capable of absorbing up to 40 times of water of its own weight. Ispaghula Husk increases fiber in the diet, helps digestive system work more efficiently and gently relieve bowel problem in a natural way helping to restore and maintain regularity. Mebeverine is an antispasmodic drug that relieves spasms and cramps which occur in the gut causing pain without affecting normal gut motility.
DosageView
Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine Hydrochloride is intended for oral use as a suspension in a drink of water. The granules of the sachet should be stirred into a glass of water and taken as soon as the effervescence subsides.
Adults and children over 12 years: One sachet in the morning and one in the evening with 1 glass of water. This medicine should be taken before half an hour of meal. A midday dose may be taken if necessary.
Adults and children over 12 years: One sachet in the morning and one in the evening with 1 glass of water. This medicine should be taken before half an hour of meal. A midday dose may be taken if necessary.
Side effectsView
Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine Hydrochloride are generally safe. But, some people may experience mild abdominal distension or flatulence for the first few days after starting this medicine. These effects should lessen as you continue the treatment.
ContraindicationsView
The drug is contraindicated if patients are allergic to it, in cases of intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction and if the patient has phenylketonuria.
PrecautionsView
Do not take this medicine without water. It is important that each dose of granules is stirred into a glass of water before taking.
InteractionsView
Ispaghula Husk may delay gastric emptying time and reduce the absorption of Calcium, Iron and Zinc. Therefore, other agents should be taken one hour before or a few hours after taking Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Ispaghula Husk is not absorbed into the bloodstream and does not pass into breast milk but Mebeverine Hydrochloride is absorbed into the bloodstream and passes through the breast milk. Therefore, this medicine should not be used during pregnancy unless considered essential by the physician.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms of Ispaghula Husk and Mebeverine overdose may include abdominal discomfort and flatulence. In case of overdose, patient should drink plenty of water.
StorageView
This should be stored at room temperature. Protect from moisture and light. Keep it away from children.
Meverine
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Meverine
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Spastic or irritable colon
Indication detailsView
Mebeverine is indicated for the:
- Symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Chronic irritable colon
- Spastic constipation
- Mucous colitis
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Persistent non-specific diarrhoea
Therapeutic classView
Anticholinergics
DosageView
For adults, elderly and children over 10 years:
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 135 mg tablet: 1 tablet 03 times daily.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 200 mg capsule: 1 capsule 02 times daily.
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
Side effectsView
Generally Mebeverine is well tolerated. However, few side-effects like skin rash, urticaria and angioedema may appear
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the drug or any other ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in porphyria or allergic reaction to this or any other medicine of this group.
Pregnancy & lactationView
No teratogenicity has been shown in animal experiments. However, the usual precautions concerning the administration of any drug during pregnancy should be exercised. Mebeverine does not excrete in the breast milk after administering at therapeutic dose.
Overdose effectsView
On theoretical grounds it may be predicted that CNS excitability will occur in case of overdosage. No specific antidote is known: gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment is recommended
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Meverine SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Meverine SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Spastic or irritable colon
Indication detailsView
Mebeverine is indicated for the:
- Symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Chronic irritable colon
- Spastic constipation
- Mucous colitis
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Persistent non-specific diarrhoea
Therapeutic classView
Anticholinergics
DosageView
For adults, elderly and children over 10 years:
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 135 mg tablet: 1 tablet 03 times daily.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 200 mg capsule: 1 capsule 02 times daily.
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
Side effectsView
Generally Mebeverine is well tolerated. However, few side-effects like skin rash, urticaria and angioedema may appear
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the drug or any other ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in porphyria or allergic reaction to this or any other medicine of this group.
Pregnancy & lactationView
No teratogenicity has been shown in animal experiments. However, the usual precautions concerning the administration of any drug during pregnancy should be exercised. Mebeverine does not excrete in the breast milk after administering at therapeutic dose.
Overdose effectsView
On theoretical grounds it may be predicted that CNS excitability will occur in case of overdosage. No specific antidote is known: gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment is recommended
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Mevigut SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Mevigut SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Spastic or irritable colon
Indication detailsView
Mebeverine is indicated for the:
- Symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Chronic irritable colon
- Spastic constipation
- Mucous colitis
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Persistent non-specific diarrhoea
Therapeutic classView
Anticholinergics
DosageView
For adults, elderly and children over 10 years:
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 135 mg tablet: 1 tablet 03 times daily.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 200 mg capsule: 1 capsule 02 times daily.
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
Side effectsView
Generally Mebeverine is well tolerated. However, few side-effects like skin rash, urticaria and angioedema may appear
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the drug or any other ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in porphyria or allergic reaction to this or any other medicine of this group.
Pregnancy & lactationView
No teratogenicity has been shown in animal experiments. However, the usual precautions concerning the administration of any drug during pregnancy should be exercised. Mebeverine does not excrete in the breast milk after administering at therapeutic dose.
Overdose effectsView
On theoretical grounds it may be predicted that CNS excitability will occur in case of overdosage. No specific antidote is known: gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment is recommended
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Mevin
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Mevin
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Spastic or irritable colon
Indication detailsView
Mebeverine is indicated for the:
- Symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Chronic irritable colon
- Spastic constipation
- Mucous colitis
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Persistent non-specific diarrhoea
Therapeutic classView
Anticholinergics
DosageView
For adults, elderly and children over 10 years:
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 135 mg tablet: 1 tablet 03 times daily.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 200 mg capsule: 1 capsule 02 times daily.
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
Side effectsView
Generally Mebeverine is well tolerated. However, few side-effects like skin rash, urticaria and angioedema may appear
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the drug or any other ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in porphyria or allergic reaction to this or any other medicine of this group.
Pregnancy & lactationView
No teratogenicity has been shown in animal experiments. However, the usual precautions concerning the administration of any drug during pregnancy should be exercised. Mebeverine does not excrete in the breast milk after administering at therapeutic dose.
Overdose effectsView
On theoretical grounds it may be predicted that CNS excitability will occur in case of overdosage. No specific antidote is known: gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment is recommended
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Mevin SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Mevin SR
Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Indications
Spastic or irritable colon
Indication detailsView
Mebeverine is indicated for the:
- Symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Chronic irritable colon
- Spastic constipation
- Mucous colitis
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Persistent non-specific diarrhoea
Therapeutic classView
Anticholinergics
DosageView
For adults, elderly and children over 10 years:
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 135 mg tablet: 1 tablet 03 times daily.
- Mebeverine Hydrochloride 200 mg capsule: 1 capsule 02 times daily.
Missed dose: If a dose of this medicine is missed, that should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, then skip the missed dose and the regular dosing schedule should be maintained. Dose should not be doubled at the same time to compensate the missed dose.
Use in children: Mebeverine is not recommended for children under 10 years.
Side effectsView
Generally Mebeverine is well tolerated. However, few side-effects like skin rash, urticaria and angioedema may appear
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the drug or any other ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in porphyria or allergic reaction to this or any other medicine of this group.
Pregnancy & lactationView
No teratogenicity has been shown in animal experiments. However, the usual precautions concerning the administration of any drug during pregnancy should be exercised. Mebeverine does not excrete in the breast milk after administering at therapeutic dose.
Overdose effectsView
On theoretical grounds it may be predicted that CNS excitability will occur in case of overdosage. No specific antidote is known: gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment is recommended
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli.
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains) & Klebsiella spp.
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis & Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains)
- Switch therapy (Injectable to oral)
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible organisms including many beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation process.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
DosageView
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
AdministrationView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporin & in patients with Pseudomembranous Colitis.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.
InteractionsView
Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli.
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains) & Klebsiella spp.
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis & Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains)
- Switch therapy (Injectable to oral)
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible organisms including many beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation process.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
DosageView
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
AdministrationView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporin & in patients with Pseudomembranous Colitis.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.
InteractionsView
Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Mexclav
Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli.
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains) & Klebsiella spp.
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis & Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains)
- Switch therapy (Injectable to oral)
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a bactericidal second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible organisms including many beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation process.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
Clavulanic acid is a naturally derived beta lactamase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It has similar structure to beta lactam antibiotics which binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes and inactivates them. Clavulanic acid gives protection of Cefuroxime from degradation by beta lactamase enzymes and provides a solution for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by beta lactam resistant bacteria.
DosageView
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
AdministrationView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporin & in patients with Pseudomembranous Colitis.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.
InteractionsView
Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexiderm
Betamethasone Valerate
Mexiderm
Betamethasone Valerate
Indications
Psoriasis
Indication detailsView
Betamethasone Valerate cream or ointment is indicated for the treatment of-
- Eczema in children and adults including atopic
- Infantile and descoid eczema
- Prurigo nodularis
- Psoriasis (excluding wide spread plaque psoriasis)
- Neurodermatoses including lichen simplex and lichen planus
- Seborrhoic dermatitis
- Contact sensitivity reaction
- Discoid lupus erythematoses and may be used as adjunct to systemic steroid therapy in generalized erythroderma.
Therapeutic classView
Corticosteroid
PharmacologyView
Betamethasone Valerate BP is a synthetic adrenocorticosteroid, which is glucocorticoid in nature. It is an analog of prednisolone that also possesses a slight degree of mineral corticosteroid activity. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive activity, it is very effective and suitable for dermatological use. It is absorbed from the skin and inflammation and/or another disease process in the skin increase percutaneous absorption from the skin. Occlusive dressings substantially increase its percutaneous absorption.
DosageView
Apply sparingly to the affected area two or three times daily until improvement occurs, then twice daily or less. The usual maximum duration of therapy is three weeks.
Side effectsView
The following local adverse reactions are more common with the use of high doses, long term use and with the use of occlusive dressings of Cream/Ointment: dryness, itching, burning, skin thinning, local irritation, features of hypercorticolism, telagiectasia, striaea, skin atrophy. hypertrichosis, change in pigmentation, secondary infection, perioral dermatiis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, acneform eruption, exacerbation of symptoms.
ContraindicationsView
Betamethasone Valerate cream or ointment is contraindicated in the following conditions :
- Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the preparation.
- Rosaceae & acne vulgaris.
- Perioral dermatitis, perianal & genital pruritis.
- Viral infections of the skin, e.g. herpes simplex & chicken pox.
- Primary infected skin lesions caused by fungi or bacteria.
- Dermatoses in children under one year of age.
PrecautionsView
Betamethasone Cream/Ointment is usually well tolerated but if signs of hypersensitivity appear, application should be stopped. Long term continuous topical therapy should be avoided where possible, particularly in children as adrenal suppression may occur even without occlusion. When extensive areas are treated, sufficient systemic absorption may occur to produce symptoms of hypercorticolism. This effect is more likely if occlusive dressings are used, or if the treatment is prolonged. The face or other areas of the body may exhibit atrophic changes after prolonged treatment. If applied to the eyelids, care is needed to ensure that the preparation does not enter the eye, as glaucoma might result. Any spread of the infection requires withdrawal of topical corticosteroid therapy.
InteractionsView
There are no significant drug interactions reported with Betamethasone Cream/Ointment.
Pregnancy & lactationView
It should not be used extensively in pregnancy.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexiderm
Betamethasone Valerate
Mexiderm
Betamethasone Valerate
Indications
Psoriasis
Indication detailsView
Betamethasone Valerate cream or ointment is indicated for the treatment of-
- Eczema in children and adults including atopic
- Infantile and descoid eczema
- Prurigo nodularis
- Psoriasis (excluding wide spread plaque psoriasis)
- Neurodermatoses including lichen simplex and lichen planus
- Seborrhoic dermatitis
- Contact sensitivity reaction
- Discoid lupus erythematoses and may be used as adjunct to systemic steroid therapy in generalized erythroderma.
Therapeutic classView
Corticosteroid
PharmacologyView
Betamethasone Valerate BP is a synthetic adrenocorticosteroid, which is glucocorticoid in nature. It is an analog of prednisolone that also possesses a slight degree of mineral corticosteroid activity. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive activity, it is very effective and suitable for dermatological use. It is absorbed from the skin and inflammation and/or another disease process in the skin increase percutaneous absorption from the skin. Occlusive dressings substantially increase its percutaneous absorption.
DosageView
Apply sparingly to the affected area two or three times daily until improvement occurs, then twice daily or less. The usual maximum duration of therapy is three weeks.
Side effectsView
The following local adverse reactions are more common with the use of high doses, long term use and with the use of occlusive dressings of Cream/Ointment: dryness, itching, burning, skin thinning, local irritation, features of hypercorticolism, telagiectasia, striaea, skin atrophy. hypertrichosis, change in pigmentation, secondary infection, perioral dermatiis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, acneform eruption, exacerbation of symptoms.
ContraindicationsView
Betamethasone Valerate cream or ointment is contraindicated in the following conditions :
- Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the preparation.
- Rosaceae & acne vulgaris.
- Perioral dermatitis, perianal & genital pruritis.
- Viral infections of the skin, e.g. herpes simplex & chicken pox.
- Primary infected skin lesions caused by fungi or bacteria.
- Dermatoses in children under one year of age.
PrecautionsView
Betamethasone Cream/Ointment is usually well tolerated but if signs of hypersensitivity appear, application should be stopped. Long term continuous topical therapy should be avoided where possible, particularly in children as adrenal suppression may occur even without occlusion. When extensive areas are treated, sufficient systemic absorption may occur to produce symptoms of hypercorticolism. This effect is more likely if occlusive dressings are used, or if the treatment is prolonged. The face or other areas of the body may exhibit atrophic changes after prolonged treatment. If applied to the eyelids, care is needed to ensure that the preparation does not enter the eye, as glaucoma might result. Any spread of the infection requires withdrawal of topical corticosteroid therapy.
InteractionsView
There are no significant drug interactions reported with Betamethasone Cream/Ointment.
Pregnancy & lactationView
It should not be used extensively in pregnancy.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexiderm-F
Fucidic Acid + Betamethasone
Mexiderm-F
Fucidic Acid + Betamethasone
Indications
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Indication detailsView
This cream is indicated for the treatment of eczematous dermatoses including atopic eczema, discoid eczema, stasis eczema and seborrhoeic eczema when secondary bacterial infection is confirmed or suspected.
Therapeutic classView
Betamethasone & Combined preparations
PharmacologyView
Betamethasone is a topical fluorinated corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effect. Fusidic acid is a potent topical antibacterial agent which is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Neiserria and certain Clostridia and Bacteroides.
DosageView
Apply this cream or ointment to the affected area twice daily. Max duration is 2 weeks.
Side effectsView
Hypersensitivity, contact dermatitis, eczema (aggravated condition), skin burning sensation, pruritus, dry skin, application site pain or irritation. Rarely, erythema, urticaria (including rash erythematous and generalised rash), application site swelling or vesicles.
ContraindicationsView
Skin lesions of viral, fungal or bacterial origin (e.g. herpes or varicella), skin manifestations in relation to TB or syphilis, perioral dermatitis and rosacea, ulcerative condition.
PrecautionsView
May increase risk of developing antibiotic resistance. Stasis dermatitis and other skin disease w/ impaired circulation. Not to be used for >7 days if there is no clinical improvement. Avoid prolonged continuous treatment esp in infants and children. Pregnancy and lactation.
InteractionsView
Fucidic Acid: Synergistic action with antistaphylococcal penicillin. Antagonism with ciprofloxacin.
Betamethasone: Increased hyperglycaemia and hypokalaemia with thiazide diuretics. Increased incidence of peptic ulcer or Gl bleeding with concurrent NSAIDs admin. Response to anticoagulants altered. Dose of antidiabetics and antihypertensives needs to be increased. Decreases serum cone of salicylates and antimuscarinic agents.
Potentially Fatal: Reduced efficacy with concurrent use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, barbiturates and rifampicin. Enhanced effect in women taking oestrogens or oral contraceptives.
Betamethasone: Increased hyperglycaemia and hypokalaemia with thiazide diuretics. Increased incidence of peptic ulcer or Gl bleeding with concurrent NSAIDs admin. Response to anticoagulants altered. Dose of antidiabetics and antihypertensives needs to be increased. Decreases serum cone of salicylates and antimuscarinic agents.
Potentially Fatal: Reduced efficacy with concurrent use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, barbiturates and rifampicin. Enhanced effect in women taking oestrogens or oral contraceptives.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Topical administration of any corticosteroid to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to human beings has not been established; however, topical steroids should not be used extensively in pregnancy, i.e. in large amounts or for prolonged periods
StorageView
Do not store above 25º C. Store in original container.
Mexiderm-N
Betamethasone + Neomycin Sulphate (Topical)
Mexiderm-N
Betamethasone + Neomycin Sulphate (Topical)
Indications
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Indication detailsView
This cream is usually useful for the treatment of superficial infections caused by gram-positive and gramnegative microorganisms. It is also useful in burns, regeneration of new skin in wounds and ulceration, otitis externa, postoperative infections, neuro-dermatitis and eczema. It may be used as an adjunct to systemic steroid therapy in special kind of pyoderma.
Therapeutic classView
Aural steroid & antibiotic combined preparations
PharmacologyView
Betamethasone is an active topical corticosteroid, which produces a rapid response in the inflammatory dermatoses and cures psoriasis types of skin diseases. Neomycin Sulfate is a topical broad-spectrum bactericidal amino-glycoside effective against various kinds of gram-positive and gramnegative pathogens such as Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus etc. This preparation has effective penetration and uniform distribution capacity, so it is very effective in hairy and intertriginous places. This preparation is very effective for the treatment of wet ulceration of the skin.
DosageView
Use in adults: This preparation should be applied to the affected parts of the skin as a thin layer for 3 to 4 times daily. In chronic conditions, withdrawal of treatment is carried out by decreasing the frequency of application until the cream is applied as infrequently as once a week. Or as directed by the physician.
Use in children: Do not use it on children under 1 year of age. A course of treatment for a child should not normally last more than 5 days unless otherwise stated by your physician.
Use in children: Do not use it on children under 1 year of age. A course of treatment for a child should not normally last more than 5 days unless otherwise stated by your physician.
Side effectsView
This preparation is well tolerated. But prolonged and high doses may cause Cushing's syndrome, acne, thinning and dilatation of blood vessels, particularly when occlusive dressings are used.
ContraindicationsView
This preparation is contraindicated to the patients who are hypersensitive to any of its components. It should not be used for the treatment of otitis externa when the eardrum is perforated. It is contraindicated in skin lesions caused by infection with viruses and fungi.
PrecautionsView
Long term continuous topical therapy of this preparation should be avoided, which may produce many resistant micro organisms. So, accurate dose of this preparation should be used in infected areas only.
InteractionsView
There are no significant drug interactions reported with Betamethasone Valerate BP and Neomycin Sulphate BP Cream/Ointment.
Pregnancy & lactationView
This preparation should not be used extensively in pregnancy.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexiderm-N
Betamethasone + Neomycin Sulphate (Topical)
Mexiderm-N
Betamethasone + Neomycin Sulphate (Topical)
Indications
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Indication detailsView
This cream is usually useful for the treatment of superficial infections caused by gram-positive and gramnegative microorganisms. It is also useful in burns, regeneration of new skin in wounds and ulceration, otitis externa, postoperative infections, neuro-dermatitis and eczema. It may be used as an adjunct to systemic steroid therapy in special kind of pyoderma.
Therapeutic classView
Aural steroid & antibiotic combined preparations
PharmacologyView
Betamethasone is an active topical corticosteroid, which produces a rapid response in the inflammatory dermatoses and cures psoriasis types of skin diseases. Neomycin Sulfate is a topical broad-spectrum bactericidal amino-glycoside effective against various kinds of gram-positive and gramnegative pathogens such as Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus etc. This preparation has effective penetration and uniform distribution capacity, so it is very effective in hairy and intertriginous places. This preparation is very effective for the treatment of wet ulceration of the skin.
DosageView
Use in adults: This preparation should be applied to the affected parts of the skin as a thin layer for 3 to 4 times daily. In chronic conditions, withdrawal of treatment is carried out by decreasing the frequency of application until the cream is applied as infrequently as once a week. Or as directed by the physician.
Use in children: Do not use it on children under 1 year of age. A course of treatment for a child should not normally last more than 5 days unless otherwise stated by your physician.
Use in children: Do not use it on children under 1 year of age. A course of treatment for a child should not normally last more than 5 days unless otherwise stated by your physician.
Side effectsView
This preparation is well tolerated. But prolonged and high doses may cause Cushing's syndrome, acne, thinning and dilatation of blood vessels, particularly when occlusive dressings are used.
ContraindicationsView
This preparation is contraindicated to the patients who are hypersensitive to any of its components. It should not be used for the treatment of otitis externa when the eardrum is perforated. It is contraindicated in skin lesions caused by infection with viruses and fungi.
PrecautionsView
Long term continuous topical therapy of this preparation should be avoided, which may produce many resistant micro organisms. So, accurate dose of this preparation should be used in infected areas only.
InteractionsView
There are no significant drug interactions reported with Betamethasone Valerate BP and Neomycin Sulphate BP Cream/Ointment.
Pregnancy & lactationView
This preparation should not be used extensively in pregnancy.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mexilyt
Bromhexine Hydrochloride
Mexilyt
Bromhexine Hydrochloride
Indications
Bronchitis
Indication detailsView
Bromhexine is indicated in the treatment of respiratory tract disorders associated with productive cough. This include-
- Tracheobronchitis
- Bronchitis with emphysema
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchitis with bronchospasm
- Chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions and
- Pneumoconiosis.
Therapeutic classView
Cough expectorants & mucolytics
PharmacologyView
Bromhexine Hydrochloride is an oral mucolytic agent. It disrupts the structure of acid mucopolysaccharide fibres in mucoid sputum and produces less viscous mucus, which makes easier the expectoration. It is rapidly & completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely distributed into the body tissues.
DosageView
The recommended doses for adults and children are stated below:
- Adult & Children over 12 years: 10 ml (2 teaspoons) 3 times daily
- Children 6-12 years: 5 ml (1 teaspoon) 3 times daily
- Children 2-6 years: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoon) 3 times daily
- Bromhexine Hydrochloride is not recommended for children under 2 years of age without advice.
Side effectsView
Gastrointestinal side effects may occur occasionally. A transient rise in serum aminotransferase values has been reported. Other reported side effects include-headache, vertigo (dizziness) and allergic reactions.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Bromhexine Hydrochloride or any of the ingredients of this product.
PrecautionsView
Since mucolytics may disrupt the gastric mucosa bromhexine should be used with care in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease. Care is also advisable in asthmatic patients. Clearance of bromhexine and its metabolites may be reduced in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment.
InteractionsView
There are no known significant interactions with other drugs.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Use in Pregnancy: Special care is recommended during pregnancy. The benefits of bromhexine must be assessed against possible effects on children.
Use in Lactation: Bromhexine is expected to enter breast milk. Therefore it is not recommended that bromhexine be taken by lactating mothers.
Use in Lactation: Bromhexine is expected to enter breast milk. Therefore it is not recommended that bromhexine be taken by lactating mothers.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Mexlo
Lomefloxacin (Ophthalmic)
Mexlo
Lomefloxacin (Ophthalmic)
Indications
Otic infections
Indication detailsView
Lomefloxacin ophthalmic preparation is indicated in the bacterial infections, including conjunctivitis, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis which are due to Lomefloxacin susceptible germs and Staphylococcus aureus- induced corneal ulcers.
Therapeutic classView
4-Quinolone preparations, Ophthalmic antibacterial drugs
PharmacologyView
Lomefloxacin, a difluorinated quinolone derivative, is a bacterial gyrase inhibitor, effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The acute toxicity of Lomefloxacin following systemic and topical ophthalmic application is low. Lomefloxacin interferes with bacterial DNA related processes like initiation, elongation, and termination phases of replication, transcription, DNA repairing, recombination, transposition, supercoiling and relaxation of DNA. The target molecule for quinolones is the A-subunit of bacterial enzyme gyrase (topoisomerase II). The forming of a stable complex between the quinolone and the whole gyrase teramer A2B2 leads to impaired enzyme functions, resulting in a rapid killing of sensitive bacteria.
Cross-resistance has only been reported with other quinolones, but not with any other group of antibiotics. No clinical studies are available about the efficacy in cases of infections with chlamydia.
Cross-resistance has only been reported with other quinolones, but not with any other group of antibiotics. No clinical studies are available about the efficacy in cases of infections with chlamydia.
DosageView
Adults and children (above 1 year of age): Instill 2-3 times daily 1 drop into the lower conjunctival sac. At the beginning of the treatment application should be more frequent, apply 5 drops within 20 minutes or 1 drop every hour during 6-10 hours. Duration of the treatment: 7 to 9 days.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food.
Side effectsView
Slight and transient burning immediately after instillation of the eye drops has been reported in 4.7% of users. Although phototoxicity has not been reported after ophthalmic use, photosensitization is possible. Since the following allergic reactions have been reported after systemic use of Lomefloxacin, they can not be excluded after topical ophthalmic use: allergic reactions, asthma, dyspnoea, urticaria, erythema, pruritus, and hypersensitization.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient, to excipients, or to quinolones. Long term treatment with antibiotics may enhance development of secondary fungal infections or may support growth of non susceptible bacteria.
PrecautionsView
Some isolated cases of phototoxicity have been reported after systemic but not after topical ophthalmic use of Lomefloxacin. Nevertheless, during treatment with Lomefloxacin intensive exposure to sunlight or UV-radiation should be avoided
InteractionsView
In order to avoid reduction of efficacy, no ophthalmic preparations containing heavy metals, such as zinc, should be used during 15 minutes preceding and following application of Lomefloxacin. Bacteriostatic ophthalmic antibiotics should not be used concomitantly with Lomefloxacin eye drops.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Animal studies revealed that after systemic use of 20 mg/kg, Lomefloxacin passes the placenta barrier and is excreted into the maternal milk. Clinical studies on the use of Lomefloxacin eye drops during human pregnancy or lactation are not available. Therefore, the drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs the potential risk for the foetus or the infant.
Overdose effectsView
Practically there is no risk of adverse effects due to accidental oral ingestion, since a bottle of 5 ml eye drop solution contains only 15 mg Lomefloxacin. This corresponds to 3.75% of the recommended oral daily dose for adults of 400 mg Lomefloxacin.
StorageView
Store at 15-25° C
Mextil
Cefuroxime Axetil
Mextil
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Mextil
Cefuroxime Axetil
Mextil
Cefuroxime Axetil
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
- Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
- Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
- Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Therapeutic classView
Second generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
DosageView
Tablet or Suspension-
Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
- Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
- MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
- Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
- Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
- Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Parenteral-
- Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
- Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
- Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)- In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
- Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
- Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
- Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
- Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
AdministrationView
The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
Side effectsView
Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
ContraindicationsView
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
InteractionsView
No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
ReconstitutionView
For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
StorageView
Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.