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    Medibion

    Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
    Tablet 100 mg+200 mg+200 mcg Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin B1, B6 & B12 is indicated for the treatment of vitamin B1, B6 & B12 deficiency syndrome. It is also indicated for the supportive treatment of neuritis & non-inflammatory diseases of the nerves, e.g.- Diabetic neuropathy, Peripheral neuralgin, Lumbago, Myalgia, Optic neuritis, Sciatica, Facial neuralgia, Intercostal neuralgia, Spinal pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin B1 converts carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids into energy, promotes healthy nerves, improves mood, strengthens the heart. Vitamin B6 forms RBCs, helps cells to make proteins, manufactures neurotransmitters e.g. serotonin and releases stored forms of energy, helps to prevent CVS diseases and stroke, helps to lift depression and eases insomnia. Vitamin B12 is essential for cell replication and important for RBC production, prevents anemia, helps to prevent depression, reduces nerve pain, numbness, tingling and lowers the risk of heart diseases.

    The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
    DosageView
    Tablet: 1-3 Tablets per day or as advised by the physician.

    Injection:
    • In severe (acute) cases: 1 injection daily until the acute symptoms subside or taken as advised by the physician.
    • In mild cases: 1 injection 2-3 times per week. Ampoules are preferably injected intramuscularly.
    Use in children: There is no information on the use of this drug in children.
    Side effectsView
    Generally well tolerated but allergic reactions may be observed in few cases.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 is contraindicated in patients on levodopa therapy, and in patients with hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Cyanocobalamin should not be given in patients with subacute degeneration of the spinal cord. Cyanocobalamin is not suitable form of vitamin B12 for the treatment of optic neuropathies associated with raised plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interaction has been reported yet.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Oral tablet form is recommended but due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, injection is not recommended during pregnancy & lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    No overdosage symptoms are to be expected in the recommended dosage. If there is known overdose then treatment is symptomatic & supportive.
    StorageView
    Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool (below 25°C temperature) and dry place, protected from light.

    Medicef

    Cephradine
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Medicef

    Cephradine
    Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Medicon Oralsaline

    Oral Rehydration Salt [Powder]
    Oral Powder 19.95 gm Allopathic Oral electrolytes preparations
    Indication detailsView
    Oral Rehydration Salt replacement of fluid and electrolyte loss due to-
    • Acute diarrhea
    • Vomiting
    • Dehydration
    Other conditions of fluid loss or lack of intake in patients of all age groups.
    Therapeutic classView
    Oral electrolytes preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This is the preparation of oral rehydration salt. It is composed of anhydrous glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium citrate (as dihydrate). This is a single formulation of glucose based oral rehydration salt to treat or prevent dehydration from diarrhea of any etiology, including cholera and in individuals of any age. This also prevents acidosis due to electrolyte imbalance.
    DosageView
    Daily dose should be equivalent to patients' fluid requirement for maintenance and replenishment of losses. During this therapy, mother should not stop breastfeeding to their child and normal food should be continued in case of adults.

    Children less than 2 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 50-100 mL (10 to 20 teaspoonful) of prepared this.

    Children 2 to 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 100-200 mL (1/2 to 1 glass) of prepared oral saline.

    Adult and children above 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 200-400 mL (1 to 2 glass) of prepared this.
    AdministrationView
    • Disperse the full contents of the sachet in 500 mL (1/2 liter) of pure drinking water.
    • Do not mix the oral saline with hot water or heat the prepared solution.
    • Discard the unused prepared oral saline after 12 hours of preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Depressed renal function, severe continuing diarrhea or other critical fluid losses may need supplementation with parenteral fluids along with oral saline.
    InteractionsView
    There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C temperature. Keep away from light and wet places. Keep out of reach of children.

    Medifen

    Diclofenac Sodium
    Gel 1% w/w Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Tendonitis

    Indication detailsView
    Rheumatology: Inflammatory and degenerative forms of rheumatism, chronic involutive, polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylarthroses, acute gout, peri-articular rheumatic disorders.

    Surgery and Traumatology: Sprain, bruises, dislocations, fractures, softtissue injuries, surgical interventions.

    Obstetrics and Gynecology: Primary dysmenorrhoea, episiotomy, adnexitis, endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, and mastitis.

    Otorhinolaryngology: As pre-operative medication for the prevention of pain, inflammation, and swelling.

    Dentistry: Post-operative and post-traumatic pain, inflammation, and swelling.

    Other indications: For the prevention of pain and treatment of inflammation and swelling of patients operated in the urogenital tract, renal and biliary colic.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Dilofenac Sodium is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pronounced anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has also some uricosuric effect. Diclofenac exerts its effect by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis which plays a major role in causing inflammation, pain and fever. Diclofenac is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract when taken with or after meal. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within an average of 2 hours after ingestion of it. At therapeutic concentrations, it is 99.7% bound to plasma proteins. Diclofenac is metabolized in the liver and undergoes first pass metabolism.
    DosageView
    Diclofenac FC Tablet: Adults: 75-150 mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses, preferably after food. Dose should be reduced in long term use.

    Diclofenac SR Tablet:
    • Adult: 1 tablet daily, taken whole with liquid, preferably at meal times. If necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 150 mg by supplementation with conventional tablets.
    • Children: 1-3 mg of diclofenac/kg body wt. daily in divided doses.
    • Elderly patients: In elderly or debilitated patients, the lowest effective dosage is recommended, although the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium is not impaired to any clinically relevant extent in elderly patients.
    Diclofenac Dispersible Tablet:
    • Adults: The recommended daily dosage is 2-3 tablets and the maximum daily dose is 150 mg. In milder cases, 2 tablets of Diclofenac DT per day are sufficient. Diclofenac DT should preferably be taken before meals.
    • Children: Diclofenac is not recommended in children for other indications except juvenile rheumatoid arthritis where the recommended dose is 1-3 mg/kg body weight. Diclofenac DT is to be dropped into a half-glass of water and the liquid is to be stirred to aid dispersion before swallowing. There is no information on the use of Diclofenac DT for more than 03 months.
    Diclofenac TR Capsule: One capsule daily. Diclofenac TR should be taken preferably after mealtimes.

    Diclofenac Suppository: For adults: 50 mg suppository 2-3 times daily. Maximum daily dose is 150 mg.

    Diclofenac injection: For adults the usual dose is 1 ampoule daily. In serious cases this dose may be increased up to 2 ampoules daily.

    Diclofenac Gel: For external use only. Depending on the size of area to be treated, 2-4 g of Diclofenac gel should be applied to the skin 3-4 times daily. To the affected area gel should be rubbed in lightly. This gel may also be given in addition to further treatment with other dosage forms of Diclofenac.
    Side effectsView
    Diclofenac Sodium is generally well tolerated. Adverse effects are mild, rare and transient. At the starting of the treatment, however, patients may be sometimes complaining of epigastric pain, eructation, nausea and diarrhea or dizziness or headache. These effects are usually mild in nature. Peripheral edema and skin reactions, such as rash and eczema have also been encountered. Diclofenac Sodium Gel may cause local irritation and reddening of the skin and skin rash.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated to the patients hypersensitive to any ingredient of the products. Peptic ulcer, hypersensitivity to Diclofenac like other non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, Diclofenac is also contra-indicated in asthmatic patient in whom attack with asthma, urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by acetylsalicylic acid or by other drugs with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. This Gel should not be used under occlusive airtight dressings.
    PrecautionsView
    In rare instances where peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in patients under treatment with Diclofenac. In patients with advanced age should be kept under close observation. Diclofenac Sodium Gel should not be allowed to come in contact with the eyes or mucus membranes, after application the hands should be washed properly and not to be taken by mouth.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    During pregnancy, Diclofenac should be employed only for compelling reasons. The lowest effective dose should be used. These types of drugs are not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy. In view of insufficient clinical data, Diclofenac Sodium Gel is not recommended during pregnancy. A very insignificant quantity of Diclofenac may be detected in breast milk but no undesirable effects on the infant to be expected.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Store below 30°C. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medifen TR

    Diclofenac Sodium
    Capsule (Timed Release) 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Tendonitis

    Indication detailsView
    Rheumatology: Inflammatory and degenerative forms of rheumatism, chronic involutive, polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylarthroses, acute gout, peri-articular rheumatic disorders.

    Surgery and Traumatology: Sprain, bruises, dislocations, fractures, softtissue injuries, surgical interventions.

    Obstetrics and Gynecology: Primary dysmenorrhoea, episiotomy, adnexitis, endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, and mastitis.

    Otorhinolaryngology: As pre-operative medication for the prevention of pain, inflammation, and swelling.

    Dentistry: Post-operative and post-traumatic pain, inflammation, and swelling.

    Other indications: For the prevention of pain and treatment of inflammation and swelling of patients operated in the urogenital tract, renal and biliary colic.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Dilofenac Sodium is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pronounced anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has also some uricosuric effect. Diclofenac exerts its effect by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis which plays a major role in causing inflammation, pain and fever. Diclofenac is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract when taken with or after meal. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within an average of 2 hours after ingestion of it. At therapeutic concentrations, it is 99.7% bound to plasma proteins. Diclofenac is metabolized in the liver and undergoes first pass metabolism.
    DosageView
    Diclofenac FC Tablet: Adults: 75-150 mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses, preferably after food. Dose should be reduced in long term use.

    Diclofenac SR Tablet:
    • Adult: 1 tablet daily, taken whole with liquid, preferably at meal times. If necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 150 mg by supplementation with conventional tablets.
    • Children: 1-3 mg of diclofenac/kg body wt. daily in divided doses.
    • Elderly patients: In elderly or debilitated patients, the lowest effective dosage is recommended, although the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium is not impaired to any clinically relevant extent in elderly patients.
    Diclofenac Dispersible Tablet:
    • Adults: The recommended daily dosage is 2-3 tablets and the maximum daily dose is 150 mg. In milder cases, 2 tablets of Diclofenac DT per day are sufficient. Diclofenac DT should preferably be taken before meals.
    • Children: Diclofenac is not recommended in children for other indications except juvenile rheumatoid arthritis where the recommended dose is 1-3 mg/kg body weight. Diclofenac DT is to be dropped into a half-glass of water and the liquid is to be stirred to aid dispersion before swallowing. There is no information on the use of Diclofenac DT for more than 03 months.
    Diclofenac TR Capsule: One capsule daily. Diclofenac TR should be taken preferably after mealtimes.

    Diclofenac Suppository: For adults: 50 mg suppository 2-3 times daily. Maximum daily dose is 150 mg.

    Diclofenac injection: For adults the usual dose is 1 ampoule daily. In serious cases this dose may be increased up to 2 ampoules daily.

    Diclofenac Gel: For external use only. Depending on the size of area to be treated, 2-4 g of Diclofenac gel should be applied to the skin 3-4 times daily. To the affected area gel should be rubbed in lightly. This gel may also be given in addition to further treatment with other dosage forms of Diclofenac.
    Side effectsView
    Diclofenac Sodium is generally well tolerated. Adverse effects are mild, rare and transient. At the starting of the treatment, however, patients may be sometimes complaining of epigastric pain, eructation, nausea and diarrhea or dizziness or headache. These effects are usually mild in nature. Peripheral edema and skin reactions, such as rash and eczema have also been encountered. Diclofenac Sodium Gel may cause local irritation and reddening of the skin and skin rash.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated to the patients hypersensitive to any ingredient of the products. Peptic ulcer, hypersensitivity to Diclofenac like other non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, Diclofenac is also contra-indicated in asthmatic patient in whom attack with asthma, urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by acetylsalicylic acid or by other drugs with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. This Gel should not be used under occlusive airtight dressings.
    PrecautionsView
    In rare instances where peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in patients under treatment with Diclofenac. In patients with advanced age should be kept under close observation. Diclofenac Sodium Gel should not be allowed to come in contact with the eyes or mucus membranes, after application the hands should be washed properly and not to be taken by mouth.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    During pregnancy, Diclofenac should be employed only for compelling reasons. The lowest effective dose should be used. These types of drugs are not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy. In view of insufficient clinical data, Diclofenac Sodium Gel is not recommended during pregnancy. A very insignificant quantity of Diclofenac may be detected in breast milk but no undesirable effects on the infant to be expected.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Store below 30°C. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medigra

    Sildenafil Citrate
    Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction

    Indications

    Pulmonary arterial hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Sildenafil is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction
    PharmacologyView
    Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) used for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Danafil (Sildenafil) enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum that results in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
    DosageView
    The recommended dose of Sildenafil is 50 mg taken approximately 1 hour before sexual activity. However, Sildenafil may be taken anywhere from half an hour to 4 hours before sexual activity. Based on effectiveness and toleration, the dose may be increased to a maximum 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day.
    AdministrationView
    Sildenafil may takes longer time to work if you take it with a heavy meal.
    Side effectsView
    The adverse effects treated with Sildenafil are headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, urinary tract infection, abnormal vision, diarrhea, dizziness and rash.
    ContraindicationsView
    Sildenafil is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. Sildenafil potentiates the hypotensive effects of nitrates, so it is contraindicated in patients who are using organic nitrates, either regularly or intermittently.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised if patients have any allergies to any other medicines or any other substances such as foods, preservatives or dyes, heart or blood vessel problems, sudden loss of eyesight in one or both eyes. Caution should be taken if patients have any of the following medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney or liver problems, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, any disease or deformity of penis, any bleeding disorder such as haemophilia, stomach ulcer, sickle cell anaemia, color vision problems, sudden decrease or loss of hearing or receiving any other treatment for impotence.
    InteractionsView
    Concomitant use of Sildenafil with organic nitrates for angina may cause hypotension. Cimetidine, a medicine used to treat gastric ulcers, some antibiotics including Erythromycin and Rifampicin, some protease inhibitors such as Ritonavir and Saquinavir for the treatment of HIV infection may increase the plasma concentration of Sildenafil. Some medicines used to treat fungal infections including Ketoconazole and Itraconazole may reduce the clearance of Sildenafil.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Sildenafil in pregnant women. Sildenafil is not indicated for use by women. In animal study shows that Sildenafil has no evidence of teratogenicity or embryotoxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medigra

    Sildenafil Citrate
    Tablet 50 mg Allopathic Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction

    Indications

    Pulmonary arterial hypertension

    Indication detailsView
    Sildenafil is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction
    PharmacologyView
    Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) used for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Danafil (Sildenafil) enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum that results in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
    DosageView
    The recommended dose of Sildenafil is 50 mg taken approximately 1 hour before sexual activity. However, Sildenafil may be taken anywhere from half an hour to 4 hours before sexual activity. Based on effectiveness and toleration, the dose may be increased to a maximum 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day.
    AdministrationView
    Sildenafil may takes longer time to work if you take it with a heavy meal.
    Side effectsView
    The adverse effects treated with Sildenafil are headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, urinary tract infection, abnormal vision, diarrhea, dizziness and rash.
    ContraindicationsView
    Sildenafil is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. Sildenafil potentiates the hypotensive effects of nitrates, so it is contraindicated in patients who are using organic nitrates, either regularly or intermittently.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised if patients have any allergies to any other medicines or any other substances such as foods, preservatives or dyes, heart or blood vessel problems, sudden loss of eyesight in one or both eyes. Caution should be taken if patients have any of the following medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney or liver problems, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, any disease or deformity of penis, any bleeding disorder such as haemophilia, stomach ulcer, sickle cell anaemia, color vision problems, sudden decrease or loss of hearing or receiving any other treatment for impotence.
    InteractionsView
    Concomitant use of Sildenafil with organic nitrates for angina may cause hypotension. Cimetidine, a medicine used to treat gastric ulcers, some antibiotics including Erythromycin and Rifampicin, some protease inhibitors such as Ritonavir and Saquinavir for the treatment of HIV infection may increase the plasma concentration of Sildenafil. Some medicines used to treat fungal infections including Ketoconazole and Itraconazole may reduce the clearance of Sildenafil.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Sildenafil in pregnant women. Sildenafil is not indicated for use by women. In animal study shows that Sildenafil has no evidence of teratogenicity or embryotoxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medikast

    Montelukast Sodium
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Leukotriene receptor antagonists

    Indications

    Rhinitis

    Indication detailsView
    Montelukast Sodium is indicated for:
    • Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
    • Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)
    • Relief of symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis (AR): Seasonal & Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
    Therapeutic classView
    Leukotriene receptor antagonists
    PharmacologyView
    Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1). The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) are products of arachidonic acid metabolism and are released from various cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma & allergic rhinitis, including airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults & adolescents (15 years & older)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 10 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 10 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 to 14 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 5 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 5 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 months to 5 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Not recommended
    Patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis should take only one dose daily in the evening. For prevention of Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction, a single dose should be taken at least 2 hours before exercise.
    AdministrationView
    Route of administration: Oral. Montelukast may be taken with or without food or as directed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Common: Diarrhoea, fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions, upper respiratory tract infection.

    Uncommon: Akathisia, anxiety, arthralgia, asthenia, abnormal behavior, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, haemorrhage, irritability, malaise, muscle complaints, oedema, seizure, abnormal sensation, sleep disorders.

    Rare: Angioedema, concentration impaired, disorientation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, erythema nodosum, hallucination, hepatic disorders, memory loss, palpitations, pulmonary eosinophilia, suicidal tendencies, tremor.
    ContraindicationsView
    Montelukast is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    Montelukast is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmatic. Neuropsychiatric events including agitation, hostility, anxiousness, depression, disorientation, disturbance in attention, dream abnormalities, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, memory impairment, restlessness, somnambulism, suicidal thinking and behavior (including suicide) and tremor.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine: No dose adjustment is needed when montelukast is co-administered with theophylline, prednisone, prednisolone, terfenadine, digoxin, warfarin, gemfibrozil, itraconazole, thyroid hormones, sedative-hypnotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, benzodiazepines, decongestants, oral contraceptives, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducers.

    With food and others: Bioavailability and other conditions were not significantly observed with food & other conditions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Montelukast should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Montelukast is excreted in breast milk. So caution should be exercised when Montelukast is given to a nursing mother.
    Overdose effectsView
    There were no adverse experiences in the majority of overdosage reports. The most frequently occurring adverse experiences were consistent with the safety profile of Montelukast and included abdominal pain, somnolence, thirst, headache, vomiting and psychomotor hyperactivity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures; e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store in cool & dry place below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Medikast

    Montelukast Sodium
    Chewable Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Leukotriene receptor antagonists

    Indications

    Rhinitis

    Indication detailsView
    Montelukast Sodium is indicated for:
    • Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
    • Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)
    • Relief of symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis (AR): Seasonal & Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
    Therapeutic classView
    Leukotriene receptor antagonists
    PharmacologyView
    Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1). The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) are products of arachidonic acid metabolism and are released from various cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma & allergic rhinitis, including airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults & adolescents (15 years & older)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 10 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 10 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 to 14 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 5 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 5 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 months to 5 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Not recommended
    Patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis should take only one dose daily in the evening. For prevention of Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction, a single dose should be taken at least 2 hours before exercise.
    AdministrationView
    Route of administration: Oral. Montelukast may be taken with or without food or as directed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Common: Diarrhoea, fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions, upper respiratory tract infection.

    Uncommon: Akathisia, anxiety, arthralgia, asthenia, abnormal behavior, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, haemorrhage, irritability, malaise, muscle complaints, oedema, seizure, abnormal sensation, sleep disorders.

    Rare: Angioedema, concentration impaired, disorientation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, erythema nodosum, hallucination, hepatic disorders, memory loss, palpitations, pulmonary eosinophilia, suicidal tendencies, tremor.
    ContraindicationsView
    Montelukast is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    Montelukast is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmatic. Neuropsychiatric events including agitation, hostility, anxiousness, depression, disorientation, disturbance in attention, dream abnormalities, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, memory impairment, restlessness, somnambulism, suicidal thinking and behavior (including suicide) and tremor.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine: No dose adjustment is needed when montelukast is co-administered with theophylline, prednisone, prednisolone, terfenadine, digoxin, warfarin, gemfibrozil, itraconazole, thyroid hormones, sedative-hypnotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, benzodiazepines, decongestants, oral contraceptives, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducers.

    With food and others: Bioavailability and other conditions were not significantly observed with food & other conditions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Montelukast should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Montelukast is excreted in breast milk. So caution should be exercised when Montelukast is given to a nursing mother.
    Overdose effectsView
    There were no adverse experiences in the majority of overdosage reports. The most frequently occurring adverse experiences were consistent with the safety profile of Montelukast and included abdominal pain, somnolence, thirst, headache, vomiting and psychomotor hyperactivity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures; e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store in cool & dry place below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Medikast

    Montelukast Sodium
    Chewable Tablet 4 mg Allopathic Leukotriene receptor antagonists

    Indications

    Rhinitis

    Indication detailsView
    Montelukast Sodium is indicated for:
    • Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
    • Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)
    • Relief of symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis (AR): Seasonal & Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
    Therapeutic classView
    Leukotriene receptor antagonists
    PharmacologyView
    Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1). The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) are products of arachidonic acid metabolism and are released from various cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma & allergic rhinitis, including airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma.
    DosageView
    Adults & adolescents (15 years & older)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 10 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 10 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 to 14 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 5 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 5 mg/day
    Pediatric patients (6 months to 5 years)-
    • Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg/day 
    • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Not recommended
    Patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis should take only one dose daily in the evening. For prevention of Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction, a single dose should be taken at least 2 hours before exercise.
    AdministrationView
    Route of administration: Oral. Montelukast may be taken with or without food or as directed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    Common: Diarrhoea, fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions, upper respiratory tract infection.

    Uncommon: Akathisia, anxiety, arthralgia, asthenia, abnormal behavior, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, haemorrhage, irritability, malaise, muscle complaints, oedema, seizure, abnormal sensation, sleep disorders.

    Rare: Angioedema, concentration impaired, disorientation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, erythema nodosum, hallucination, hepatic disorders, memory loss, palpitations, pulmonary eosinophilia, suicidal tendencies, tremor.
    ContraindicationsView
    Montelukast is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    Montelukast is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmatic. Neuropsychiatric events including agitation, hostility, anxiousness, depression, disorientation, disturbance in attention, dream abnormalities, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, memory impairment, restlessness, somnambulism, suicidal thinking and behavior (including suicide) and tremor.
    InteractionsView
    With medicine: No dose adjustment is needed when montelukast is co-administered with theophylline, prednisone, prednisolone, terfenadine, digoxin, warfarin, gemfibrozil, itraconazole, thyroid hormones, sedative-hypnotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, benzodiazepines, decongestants, oral contraceptives, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducers.

    With food and others: Bioavailability and other conditions were not significantly observed with food & other conditions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Montelukast should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Montelukast is excreted in breast milk. So caution should be exercised when Montelukast is given to a nursing mother.
    Overdose effectsView
    There were no adverse experiences in the majority of overdosage reports. The most frequently occurring adverse experiences were consistent with the safety profile of Montelukast and included abdominal pain, somnolence, thirst, headache, vomiting and psychomotor hyperactivity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures; e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
    StorageView
    Store in cool & dry place below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

    Medimet's ORS

    Oral Rehydration Salt [Powder]
    Oral Powder 13.95 gm Allopathic Oral electrolytes preparations
    Indication detailsView
    Oral Rehydration Salt replacement of fluid and electrolyte loss due to-
    • Acute diarrhea
    • Vomiting
    • Dehydration
    Other conditions of fluid loss or lack of intake in patients of all age groups.
    Therapeutic classView
    Oral electrolytes preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This is the preparation of oral rehydration salt. It is composed of anhydrous glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium citrate (as dihydrate). This is a single formulation of glucose based oral rehydration salt to treat or prevent dehydration from diarrhea of any etiology, including cholera and in individuals of any age. This also prevents acidosis due to electrolyte imbalance.
    DosageView
    Daily dose should be equivalent to patients' fluid requirement for maintenance and replenishment of losses. During this therapy, mother should not stop breastfeeding to their child and normal food should be continued in case of adults.

    Children less than 2 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 50-100 mL (10 to 20 teaspoonful) of prepared this.

    Children 2 to 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 100-200 mL (1/2 to 1 glass) of prepared oral saline.

    Adult and children above 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 200-400 mL (1 to 2 glass) of prepared this.
    AdministrationView
    • Disperse the full contents of the sachet in 500 mL (1/2 liter) of pure drinking water.
    • Do not mix the oral saline with hot water or heat the prepared solution.
    • Discard the unused prepared oral saline after 12 hours of preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Depressed renal function, severe continuing diarrhea or other critical fluid losses may need supplementation with parenteral fluids along with oral saline.
    InteractionsView
    There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C temperature. Keep away from light and wet places. Keep out of reach of children.

    Meditrim

    Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
    Oral Suspension (200 mg+40 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cotrimoxazole is bactericidal in vitro to a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, B. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus spp., Haemophilus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Brucella, Pneumocystis carinii, Nocardia and Bordetella. A particularly high degree of activity is exhibited against Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli and Proteus spp., making Cotrimoxazole particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and urinary tract infections. Cotrimoxazole exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of Folinic acid in the micro-organisms. The synergy thus produced accounts for the high degree of bactericidal activity.

    Indications are :
    • Respiratory tract infections, including acute and chronic bronchitis (treatment and prophylaxis), bronchiectasis, lung abscess, lobar and broncho-pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
    • Genito-urinary tract infections, including urethritis, acute and chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis and gonorrhoea.
    • Gastro-intestinal tract infections, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, including the chronic carrier state.
    • Other infections, caused by a wide range of organisms confirmed to be susceptible to Cotrimoxazole and where the therapeutic benefits are considered to outweigh the possible occurrence of adverse events.
    • Such infections include acute and chronic osteomyelitis, acute brucellosis, skin infections including pyoderma, abscesses and wound infections, septicaemia, bacillary dysentery and cholera (as an adjuvant to fluid and electrolyte replacement), nocardiosis and mycetoma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs, Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim
    PharmacologyView
    Cotrimoxazole having broad spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Co-trimoxazole containing Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in a 1:5 combination exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of folinic acid in the microorganism.
    DosageView
    Cotrimoxazole double strength tablet: Over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 1 tablet twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 1.5 tablets twice daily.
    • Long term therapy (>14 days): 0.5 tablet twice daily.
    • Gonorrhoea: 2 tablets every 12 hours for two days or 2.5 tablets followed by a further dose of 2.5 tablets after 8 hours.
    Cotrimoxazole tablet: over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 2 tablets twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 2 tablets thrice daily.
    • Long term therapy: (>14 days): 1 tablet twice daily.
    Cotrimoxazole suspension: Under 12 years
    • 6-12 years: 2 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 month-5 years: 1 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 weeks-6 months: 0.5 teaspoonful twice daily.
    Side effectsView
    The side effects like crystalluria, allergic reactions, haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis etc. have been reported rarely with Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim combination. Other side effects are less serious in nature such as malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting. These are normally transient and do not require withdrawal of treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulphonamides.
    • Patients with documented megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency.
    • Patients showing marked liver parenchymal damage, blood dyscrasia, severe renal insufficiency, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
    PrecautionsView
    Prolonged full dose treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination is associated with the risk of macrocytic anaemia due to the drug’s interference in the conversion of Folic acid into Folinic acid. If this occurs, it can be reversed by giving Folinic acid. Care should be taken when giving this combination to diabetic patients receiving sulphonylurea drug for possible potentiation of action of sulphonylurea.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy and during the nursing period, because sulphonamides pass the placenta and are excreted in the breast milk and may cause kernicterus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Meditrim

    Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
    Tablet 800 mg+160 mg Allopathic Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cotrimoxazole is bactericidal in vitro to a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, B. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus spp., Haemophilus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Brucella, Pneumocystis carinii, Nocardia and Bordetella. A particularly high degree of activity is exhibited against Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli and Proteus spp., making Cotrimoxazole particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and urinary tract infections. Cotrimoxazole exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of Folinic acid in the micro-organisms. The synergy thus produced accounts for the high degree of bactericidal activity.

    Indications are :
    • Respiratory tract infections, including acute and chronic bronchitis (treatment and prophylaxis), bronchiectasis, lung abscess, lobar and broncho-pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
    • Genito-urinary tract infections, including urethritis, acute and chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis and gonorrhoea.
    • Gastro-intestinal tract infections, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, including the chronic carrier state.
    • Other infections, caused by a wide range of organisms confirmed to be susceptible to Cotrimoxazole and where the therapeutic benefits are considered to outweigh the possible occurrence of adverse events.
    • Such infections include acute and chronic osteomyelitis, acute brucellosis, skin infections including pyoderma, abscesses and wound infections, septicaemia, bacillary dysentery and cholera (as an adjuvant to fluid and electrolyte replacement), nocardiosis and mycetoma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs, Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim
    PharmacologyView
    Cotrimoxazole having broad spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Co-trimoxazole containing Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in a 1:5 combination exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of folinic acid in the microorganism.
    DosageView
    Cotrimoxazole double strength tablet: Over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 1 tablet twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 1.5 tablets twice daily.
    • Long term therapy (>14 days): 0.5 tablet twice daily.
    • Gonorrhoea: 2 tablets every 12 hours for two days or 2.5 tablets followed by a further dose of 2.5 tablets after 8 hours.
    Cotrimoxazole tablet: over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 2 tablets twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 2 tablets thrice daily.
    • Long term therapy: (>14 days): 1 tablet twice daily.
    Cotrimoxazole suspension: Under 12 years
    • 6-12 years: 2 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 month-5 years: 1 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 weeks-6 months: 0.5 teaspoonful twice daily.
    Side effectsView
    The side effects like crystalluria, allergic reactions, haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis etc. have been reported rarely with Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim combination. Other side effects are less serious in nature such as malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting. These are normally transient and do not require withdrawal of treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulphonamides.
    • Patients with documented megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency.
    • Patients showing marked liver parenchymal damage, blood dyscrasia, severe renal insufficiency, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
    PrecautionsView
    Prolonged full dose treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination is associated with the risk of macrocytic anaemia due to the drug’s interference in the conversion of Folic acid into Folinic acid. If this occurs, it can be reversed by giving Folinic acid. Care should be taken when giving this combination to diabetic patients receiving sulphonylurea drug for possible potentiation of action of sulphonylurea.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy and during the nursing period, because sulphonamides pass the placenta and are excreted in the breast milk and may cause kernicterus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Meditrim

    Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
    Tablet 400 mg+80 mg Allopathic Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cotrimoxazole is bactericidal in vitro to a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, B. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus spp., Haemophilus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Brucella, Pneumocystis carinii, Nocardia and Bordetella. A particularly high degree of activity is exhibited against Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli and Proteus spp., making Cotrimoxazole particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and urinary tract infections. Cotrimoxazole exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of Folinic acid in the micro-organisms. The synergy thus produced accounts for the high degree of bactericidal activity.

    Indications are :
    • Respiratory tract infections, including acute and chronic bronchitis (treatment and prophylaxis), bronchiectasis, lung abscess, lobar and broncho-pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
    • Genito-urinary tract infections, including urethritis, acute and chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis and gonorrhoea.
    • Gastro-intestinal tract infections, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, including the chronic carrier state.
    • Other infections, caused by a wide range of organisms confirmed to be susceptible to Cotrimoxazole and where the therapeutic benefits are considered to outweigh the possible occurrence of adverse events.
    • Such infections include acute and chronic osteomyelitis, acute brucellosis, skin infections including pyoderma, abscesses and wound infections, septicaemia, bacillary dysentery and cholera (as an adjuvant to fluid and electrolyte replacement), nocardiosis and mycetoma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs, Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim
    PharmacologyView
    Cotrimoxazole having broad spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Co-trimoxazole containing Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in a 1:5 combination exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of folinic acid in the microorganism.
    DosageView
    Cotrimoxazole double strength tablet: Over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 1 tablet twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 1.5 tablets twice daily.
    • Long term therapy (>14 days): 0.5 tablet twice daily.
    • Gonorrhoea: 2 tablets every 12 hours for two days or 2.5 tablets followed by a further dose of 2.5 tablets after 8 hours.
    Cotrimoxazole tablet: over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 2 tablets twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 2 tablets thrice daily.
    • Long term therapy: (>14 days): 1 tablet twice daily.
    Cotrimoxazole suspension: Under 12 years
    • 6-12 years: 2 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 month-5 years: 1 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 weeks-6 months: 0.5 teaspoonful twice daily.
    Side effectsView
    The side effects like crystalluria, allergic reactions, haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis etc. have been reported rarely with Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim combination. Other side effects are less serious in nature such as malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting. These are normally transient and do not require withdrawal of treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulphonamides.
    • Patients with documented megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency.
    • Patients showing marked liver parenchymal damage, blood dyscrasia, severe renal insufficiency, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
    PrecautionsView
    Prolonged full dose treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination is associated with the risk of macrocytic anaemia due to the drug’s interference in the conversion of Folic acid into Folinic acid. If this occurs, it can be reversed by giving Folinic acid. Care should be taken when giving this combination to diabetic patients receiving sulphonylurea drug for possible potentiation of action of sulphonylurea.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy and during the nursing period, because sulphonamides pass the placenta and are excreted in the breast milk and may cause kernicterus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medivit

    Vitamin B complex
    Tablet Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin-B complex contains the most important members of the vitamin B group in pure form and in therapeutically balanced proportions. The members of the vitamin B group contained in Vitamin-B complex are components of enzyme systems that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Deficiency of B vitamin causes glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, polyneuritis, beriberi, pellagra and vascularisation of cornea.
    DosageView
    Tablet/ capsule: usual recommended dose is 1-2 tablet/capsule 3 times daily or as directed by the physician.

    Syrup: 2-3 teaspoonful daily or as directed by the physician.

    Injection: It is for intramuscular and intravenous administration. Usual recommended dose is 2 ml daily or as directed by the physician. In addition with Thiamine, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide, Pyridoxine; injectable dosage from contains D-Panthenol 5 mg.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions have been reported with specific vitamins and minerals, but generally at levels substantially higher than those in Vitamin-B complex. However, allergic and idiosyncratic reactions are possible at lower levels. Iron, even at the usual recommended level has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin-B complex is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components.
    InteractionsView
    As little as 5 mg pyridoxine daily can decrease the efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. Therefore, Vitamin-B complex is not recommended for patients undergoing such therapy
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    It is safe to use Vitamin-B complex in pregnancy and lactation.

    Medivit-M

    Multivitamin & Multimineral
    Tablet Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin deficiency

    Indication detailsView
    This is indicated for the treatment and/or prevention of vitamin and mineral deficiencies associated with restricted diets, improper food intake, alcoholism and decreased absorption. It is also indicated in patients with increased requirements for vitamins and minerals due to acute and chronic diseases, pregnancy, lactation, menopause, infections, during treatment with antibiotics, convalescence etc. To prevent the occurrence of serious birth defects periconceptional (from three months before conception up to the first trimester of pregnancy) supplementation with this tablet is required.
    Therapeutic classView
    Multi-vitamin & Multi-mineral combined preparations, Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamins and minerals are essential for normal metabolic functions including hematopoiesis. The members of vitamin B-group are components of enzyme system that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Vitamin C is involved in tissue repair and collagen formation. Vitamin A plays an essential role in the function of retina and is essential for growth and differentiation of epithelial tissue. Vitamin E is an antioxidant which preserves essential cellular constituents. Vitamin D is supplemented for prevention and cure of nutritional and metabolic rickets and for treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc serve as catalysts in enzyme systems which perform vital cellular functions.
    DosageView
    Orally one tablet daily for adult and children over 5 years of age or as directed by the physicians.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects have been reported with specific vitamins & minerals, but at level substantially higher than those in this tablet. Iron has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    This is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components. This is not intended for treatment of severe specific deficiencies of vitamins or minerals. It is not recommended for patients undergoing treatment with levodopa as pyridoxine decreases the efficacy of levodopa. During the first trimester of pregnancy, larger doses of vitamin A (more than 10 tablets per day) may be teratogenic.
    PrecautionsView
    Not intended for treatment of pernicious anemia or other megaloblastic anemia where vitamin B12 is deficient.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    During the first trimester of pregnancy, recommended daily dose should not be exceeded. Because larger doses of Vitamin-A (multiple tablets per day) may be teratogenic.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medizen

    Silver Sulfadiazine
    Cream 1% Allopathic Topical Antibiotic preparations

    Indications

    Wounds

    Indication detailsView
    Silver Sulfadiazine cream is indicated in-
    • The topical prophylaxis against bacterial colonization and infection in burn wounds.
    • The topical antibacterial management of certain contaminated or infection-prone wounds, other than burns.
    Therapeutic classView
    Topical Antibiotic preparations
    PharmacologyView
    The mechanism of Silver Sulfadiazine's antibacterial action has not been fully elucidated. After exposure to the drug, structural changes in the bacterial cell membrane occur, including distortion and enlargement of the cell and a weakening of the cell wall membrane. This is accompanied by reduced viability in sensitive strains. The silver sulfadiazine molecule dissociates and the silver moiety is bound to the bacterial cells. It is believed that, after penetrating the cell wall, the silver moiety is attached to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and prevents bacterial cell proliferation. There is approximately 100 times more DNA in mammalian cells than in bacterial cells. It is thought that the ratio of silver sulfadiazine to bacterial DNA is sufficiently high to prevent bacterial division but the corresponding ratio to epithelial DNA is low enough not to block epithelial cell regeneration. The sulfadiazine moiety also provides a bacteriostatic action against sensitive organisms. In adults, up to 10% of the sulfadiazine may be absorbed and 60 to 85% of the absorbed amount is excreted in the urine. In children with 13% body surface area burns, the urinary sulfadiazine concentration was 31.8 mg/L.
    DosageView
    The burn wounds are cleansed, and Silver Sulfadiazine is applied over the burn wound. The burn areas should be covered with Silver Sulfadiazine at all times. The cream should be applied once to twice daily to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inches or 1.5 mm. Whenever necessary; the cream should be reapplied to any areas from which it has been removed by patient activity. If individual patient requirements make dressings necessary, they may be used. Reapplication should be ensured immediately after hydrotherapy. Treatment with Silver Sulfadiazine should be continued until satisfactory healing is occurred, or until the burn site is ready for grafting. The drug should not be withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen while there remains the possibility of infection except if a significant adverse reaction occurs.
    Side effectsView
    Several cases of transient leukopenia have been reported in-patients receiving Silver Sulfadiazine therapy. Other infrequently occurring events include skin necrosis, erythema multiform, skin discoloration, burning sensation, rashes, and interstitial nephritis.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in-patients who are hypersensitive to it or any of the other ingredients in the preparation. It should not be used on pregnant women approaching or at term, on premature infants, or on newborn infants during the first 2 months of life
    PrecautionsView
    General: If hepatic and renal functions become impaired and elimination of drug decreases, accumulation may occur and discontinuation of this should be weighed against the therapeutic benefit being achieved. In considering the use of topical proteolytic enzymes in conjunction with it, the possibility should be noted that silver might inactivate such enzymes.

    Laboratory Tests: In the treatment of burn wounds involving extensive areas of the body, the serum sulfa concentrations may approach adult therapeutic levels (8 mg% to 12 mg%). Therefore, in these patients it would be advisable to monitor serum sulfa concentrations. Renal function should be carefully monitored and the urine should be checked for sulfa crystals.
    InteractionsView
    Enzymatic debriding agents: Silver sulfadiazine may inactivate enzymatic debriding agents, thus the concomitant use of these compounds may be inappropriate.

    Oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin: In patients with large area burns where serum sulfadiazine levels may approach therapeutic levels, the action of oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin may be potentiated and it is recommended that blood levels be monitored.

    Cimetidine: In-patients with large area burns, it has been reported that co-administration of Cimetidine may increase the incidence of leukopenia.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category B. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly justified, especially in pregnant women approaching or at term. It is not known whether Silver Sulfadiazine is excreted in human milk. A decision should be made, whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Medizol

    Metronidazole
    Oral Suspension 200 mg/5 ml Allopathic Amoebicides

    Indications

    Vaginal trichomoniasis

    Indication detailsView
    Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
    • The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
    • The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
    • In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
    • Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
    • All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
    • Giardiasis.
    • Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
    • Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
    • Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
    • Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
    DosageView

    Tablet and Suspension:

    Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Trichomoniasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)- 
    • 800 mg tid for 5 days
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
    Giardiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 2 gm once daily for 3 days
    Giardiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3 days
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Acute dental infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
    Bacterial Vaginosis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Leg ulcers and pressure sores (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
    Surgical prophylaxis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid started 24  hours before  surgery for 1 days
    Surgical prophylaxis (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid

    Vaginal Gel:

    The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.


    Suppository:

    Anaerobic Infections-
    • Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
    Surgical Prophylaxis-
    • Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.


    IV Infusion:

    Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.
    • Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
    • Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
    Side effectsView
    Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    • If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
    • Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
    • Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
    InteractionsView
    • Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
    • Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
    • Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
    • Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
    • Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
    • 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
    • Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.

    Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
    Overdose effectsView
    Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.

    Medizol

    Metronidazole
    Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Amoebicides

    Indications

    Vaginal trichomoniasis

    Indication detailsView
    Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
    • The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
    • The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
    • In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
    • Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
    • All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
    • Giardiasis.
    • Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
    • Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
    • Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
    • Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
    DosageView

    Tablet and Suspension:

    Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Trichomoniasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)- 
    • 800 mg tid for 5 days
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
    Giardiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 2 gm once daily for 3 days
    Giardiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3 days
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Acute dental infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
    Bacterial Vaginosis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Leg ulcers and pressure sores (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
    Surgical prophylaxis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid started 24  hours before  surgery for 1 days
    Surgical prophylaxis (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid

    Vaginal Gel:

    The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.


    Suppository:

    Anaerobic Infections-
    • Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
    Surgical Prophylaxis-
    • Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.


    IV Infusion:

    Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.
    • Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
    • Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
    Side effectsView
    Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    • If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
    • Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
    • Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
    InteractionsView
    • Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
    • Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
    • Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
    • Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
    • Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
    • 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
    • Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.

    Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
    Overdose effectsView
    Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.