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    Showing all medicines (21591 total)

    Libidex

    Saffron + Mace arillus + Nutmeg fruit
    Capsule Herbal Herbal and Nutraceuticals

    Indications

    Premature ejaculation

    Indication detailsView
    • Nishat increases libido.
    • Nishat is a natural aphrodisiac.
    • Nishat prevents premature ejaculation.
    • Nishat maintains youthful vigour.
    • Nishat helps retentive power.
    • Nishat ensures pleasant orgasm & post coitus freshness.
    • Nishat relieves physical & mental exhaustion.
    Therapeutic classView
    Herbal and Nutraceuticals
    PharmacologyView
    Nishat is a unique natural aphrodisiac capsule for youthful vigour and vitality. By virtue of extensive research in Hamdard Laboratories, the unique formulation of Nishat has been developed especially for increasing libido, elevating mood and mental freshness.
    DosageView
    1-2 capsule(s) to be taken with milk 2 hours before coitus or as prescribed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated for children.
    PrecautionsView
    Keep out of reach of the children.
    StorageView
    Store at cool and dry place protect from light.

    Libotil

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott

    Dextrose
    IV Infusion 5% Allopathic Intravenous fluid preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    Dextrose is administered in the treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletions. It is mainly used to replace water deficiency and should be given alone when there is no significant loss of electrolytes. Water depletion (dehydration) tends to occur when these losses are not matched by a comparable intake, as for example may occur in coma or dysphagia or in the aged person who may not drink water in sufficient amount on their own initiative. It provides a readily metabolizable nutrient. One litre of 5% solution provides about 170 calories. Glucose solutions are also given in regimens with calcium bicarbonate, and insulin for the emergency management of hyperkalaemia. They are also given, after correction of hyperglycaemia, during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, when they must be accompanied by continuing insulin infusion. Dextrose also may act as a suitable vehicle for the slow intravenous infusion of numerous drugs.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body. Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.
    DosageView
    5% dextrose solution: The dose of Dextrose infusion is variable. It is dependent on individual patient requirements. For 5% dextrose solution, the dose frequently ranges from 500 to 1000 ml. The maximum rate of infusion that will not cause glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when the rate is 0.8 g/kg/hr. the maximum rate of glucose utilization is about 800 mg per kg body weight per hour.

    25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    • severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;
    • warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;
    • fever, ongoing cough;
    • high blood sugar, headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;
    • low potassium or anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose. Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    PrecautionsView
    Serum glucose concentration should be carefully monitored. Concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Dextrose solution should not be mixed with whole blood as haemolysis and clumping may occur. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reasons during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.

    Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.

    To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
    • diabetes;
    • breathing problems;
    • an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);
    • kidney or liver disease;
    • any allergy to foods or medicines; or
    • if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott

    Dextrose
    IV Infusion 10% Allopathic Intravenous fluid preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    Dextrose is administered in the treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletions. It is mainly used to replace water deficiency and should be given alone when there is no significant loss of electrolytes. Water depletion (dehydration) tends to occur when these losses are not matched by a comparable intake, as for example may occur in coma or dysphagia or in the aged person who may not drink water in sufficient amount on their own initiative. It provides a readily metabolizable nutrient. One litre of 5% solution provides about 170 calories. Glucose solutions are also given in regimens with calcium bicarbonate, and insulin for the emergency management of hyperkalaemia. They are also given, after correction of hyperglycaemia, during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, when they must be accompanied by continuing insulin infusion. Dextrose also may act as a suitable vehicle for the slow intravenous infusion of numerous drugs.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body. Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.
    DosageView
    5% dextrose solution: The dose of Dextrose infusion is variable. It is dependent on individual patient requirements. For 5% dextrose solution, the dose frequently ranges from 500 to 1000 ml. The maximum rate of infusion that will not cause glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when the rate is 0.8 g/kg/hr. the maximum rate of glucose utilization is about 800 mg per kg body weight per hour.

    25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    • severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;
    • warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;
    • fever, ongoing cough;
    • high blood sugar, headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;
    • low potassium or anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose. Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    PrecautionsView
    Serum glucose concentration should be carefully monitored. Concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Dextrose solution should not be mixed with whole blood as haemolysis and clumping may occur. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reasons during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.

    Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.

    To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
    • diabetes;
    • breathing problems;
    • an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);
    • kidney or liver disease;
    • any allergy to foods or medicines; or
    • if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott

    Dextrose
    IV Infusion 25% Allopathic Intravenous fluid preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    Dextrose is administered in the treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletions. It is mainly used to replace water deficiency and should be given alone when there is no significant loss of electrolytes. Water depletion (dehydration) tends to occur when these losses are not matched by a comparable intake, as for example may occur in coma or dysphagia or in the aged person who may not drink water in sufficient amount on their own initiative. It provides a readily metabolizable nutrient. One litre of 5% solution provides about 170 calories. Glucose solutions are also given in regimens with calcium bicarbonate, and insulin for the emergency management of hyperkalaemia. They are also given, after correction of hyperglycaemia, during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, when they must be accompanied by continuing insulin infusion. Dextrose also may act as a suitable vehicle for the slow intravenous infusion of numerous drugs.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body. Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.
    DosageView
    5% dextrose solution: The dose of Dextrose infusion is variable. It is dependent on individual patient requirements. For 5% dextrose solution, the dose frequently ranges from 500 to 1000 ml. The maximum rate of infusion that will not cause glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when the rate is 0.8 g/kg/hr. the maximum rate of glucose utilization is about 800 mg per kg body weight per hour.

    25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    • severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;
    • warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;
    • fever, ongoing cough;
    • high blood sugar, headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;
    • low potassium or anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose. Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    PrecautionsView
    Serum glucose concentration should be carefully monitored. Concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Dextrose solution should not be mixed with whole blood as haemolysis and clumping may occur. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reasons during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.

    Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.

    To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
    • diabetes;
    • breathing problems;
    • an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);
    • kidney or liver disease;
    • any allergy to foods or medicines; or
    • if you receive regular blood transfusions.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott-M

    Sodium Chloride + Dextrose
    IV Infusion 0.18%+4.3% Allopathic Parenteral nutritional preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    This solution is indicated when there is combined water and sodium depletion. It provides Dextrose as a nutrient in a suitable medium of Sodium Chloride which is isotonic to body fluid, or it may also be employed as a source of isotonic Sodium Chloride or both. It is usually used in the maintenance and replacement of fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate in patients who are unable to take fluid and nutrients by mouth e.g. in case of persistent vomiting, during and after surgery, shock or accidents.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations, Parenteral nutritional preparations
    DosageView
    Dose is variable. It depends on the clinical condition, age and body surface area of the patients.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
    PrecautionsView
    As the preparation contains Sodium Chloride, it should be administered with caution to patients with congestive heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function or pre-eclampsia. Serum glucose concentration should also be carefully monitored and concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott-S

    Sodium Chloride + Dextrose
    IV Infusion 0.9%+5% Allopathic Parenteral nutritional preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    This solution is indicated when there is combined water and sodium depletion. It provides Dextrose as a nutrient in a suitable medium of Sodium Chloride which is isotonic to body fluid, or it may also be employed as a source of isotonic Sodium Chloride or both. It is usually used in the maintenance and replacement of fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate in patients who are unable to take fluid and nutrients by mouth e.g. in case of persistent vomiting, during and after surgery, shock or accidents.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations, Parenteral nutritional preparations
    DosageView
    Dose is variable. It depends on the clinical condition, age and body surface area of the patients.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
    PrecautionsView
    As the preparation contains Sodium Chloride, it should be administered with caution to patients with congestive heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function or pre-eclampsia. Serum glucose concentration should also be carefully monitored and concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libott-S JR

    Sodium Chloride + Dextrose
    IV Infusion 0.45%+5% Allopathic Parenteral nutritional preparations

    Indications

    Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

    Indication detailsView
    This solution is indicated when there is combined water and sodium depletion. It provides Dextrose as a nutrient in a suitable medium of Sodium Chloride which is isotonic to body fluid, or it may also be employed as a source of isotonic Sodium Chloride or both. It is usually used in the maintenance and replacement of fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate in patients who are unable to take fluid and nutrients by mouth e.g. in case of persistent vomiting, during and after surgery, shock or accidents.
    Therapeutic classView
    Intravenous fluid preparations, Parenteral nutritional preparations
    DosageView
    Dose is variable. It depends on the clinical condition, age and body surface area of the patients.
    AdministrationView
    • Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
    • Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
    • Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
    • Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
    • Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
    • Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
    • Remove the protective cover of the needle.
    • Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
    • Securely tape the puncture site.
    • Securely tape the wings and tubing
    • Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
    Side effectsView
    Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
    ContraindicationsView
    Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
    PrecautionsView
    As the preparation contains Sodium Chloride, it should be administered with caution to patients with congestive heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function or pre-eclampsia. Serum glucose concentration should also be carefully monitored and concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libracin

    Ciprofloxacin
    IV Infusion 400 mg/100 ml Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libracin

    Ciprofloxacin
    IV Infusion 200 mg/100 ml Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Libradin

    Cephradine
    Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Libradin

    Cephradine
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Librazol

    Metronidazole
    IV Infusion 500 mg/100 ml Allopathic Amoebicides

    Indications

    Vaginal trichomoniasis

    Indication detailsView
    Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
    • The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
    • The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
    • In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
    • Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
    • All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
    • Giardiasis.
    • Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
    • Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
    • Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
    • Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
    DosageView

    Tablet and Suspension:

    Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Trichomoniasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)- 
    • 800 mg tid for 5 days
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
    Giardiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 2 gm once daily for 3 days
    Giardiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3 days
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Acute dental infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
    Bacterial Vaginosis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Leg ulcers and pressure sores (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
    Surgical prophylaxis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid started 24  hours before  surgery for 1 days
    Surgical prophylaxis (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid

    Vaginal Gel:

    The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.


    Suppository:

    Anaerobic Infections-
    • Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
    Surgical Prophylaxis-
    • Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.


    IV Infusion:

    Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.
    • Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
    • Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
    Side effectsView
    Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    • If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
    • Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
    • Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
    InteractionsView
    • Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
    • Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
    • Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
    • Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
    • Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
    • 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
    • Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.

    Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
    Overdose effectsView
    Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.

    Libret

    Ranitidine Hydrochloride
    IV Infusion 50 mg/100 ml Allopathic H2 receptor antagonist

    Indications

    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

    Indication detailsView
    Ranitidine is indicated in:
    • Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
    • Benign gastric ulcer
    • Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
    • Post operative stress ulcer.
    • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    • Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
    • Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
    • Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.
    Therapeutic classView
    H2 receptor antagonist
    PharmacologyView
    Ranitidine competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.
    DosageView

    Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:

    Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.

    Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.

    Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.

    Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.

    Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.

    Child (peptic ulcer): 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.


    Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:

    Ranitidine injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.

    In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Ranitidine injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.

    Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine injection have not been established in case of children.
    Side effectsView
    Ranitidine is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients hypersensitive to Ranitidine
    PrecautionsView
    Ranitidine should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.
    InteractionsView
    Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Ranitidine crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Ranitidine. Like other drugs, Ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.

    Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ranitidine is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.
    ReconstitutionView
    Slow IV inj: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Continuous IV infusion:     Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.

    Licef

    Cefadroxil Monohydrate
    Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis and tonsillitis) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococci) and Streptococcus pneumoniae; urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella species and skin & soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococci (including penicillinase producing bacteria) and Streptococci.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefadroxil inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.
    DosageView
    Adult:
    • Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
    • Urinary Tract Infections: 1 or 2 g per day in one or two divided doses.
    • Skin and Skin Structure Infections: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
    Children: 30 mg/kg daily in divided doses every 12 hours.

    It may be taken with meals or on empty stomach. Administration with food may be helpful in diminishing potential gastrointestinal complaints.
    Side effectsView
    Generally Cefadroxil is well tolerated. However, the most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal disturbances and hypersensitivity phenomena.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefadroxil is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cefadroxil or any of the ingredients of it.
    PrecautionsView
    Use of this antibiotic may cause pseudomembranous colitis; so caution should be taken during diagnosis in patients who develop diarrhea in association with Cefadroxil therapy.
    InteractionsView
    There is no significant drug interaction with other drugs.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefadroxil is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefadroxil have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefadroxil is administered during lactation.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Licerin

    Permethrin
    Cream 5% w/w Allopathic Parasiticidal preparations

    Indications

    Scabies

    Indication detailsView
    Permethrin cream is indicated for the treatment of scabies and crab lice infestations (Pediculosis). Scabies can affect everyone in the family. If one is infected, all family members must be treated together.
    Therapeutic classView
    Parasiticidal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Permethrin cream contains Permethrin, a pyrethroid, which is a topical scabicidal agent for the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptes Scabiei (scabies). It acts on the nerve cell membrane to disrupt the sodium channel current by which the polarization of the membrane is regulated. Delayed repolarization & paralysis of the pests are the consequences of this disturbance.

    Pharmacokinetics: The only approved route of administration is the topical route and there are few human data available on systemic exposure or kinetics following permethrin application to the skin. Some presystemic metabolism occurs in skin. Less than 0.5% of applied permethrin is absorbed during the first 48 hours. Absorbed permethrin is rapidly metabolized by ester hydrolysis, most likely in the liver and the products are excreted primarily in the urine.
    DosageView
    Recommended duration of Treatment:
    • Adults and children over 12 years: a full tube
    • Children aged 6-12 years: up to 1⁄2 of a tube
    • Children aged 1-5 years: up to  ¼ of a tube
    • Children aged 2 months to 1 year: up to ⅛ of a tube
    • Children Less then 2 month: dose is not established
    AdministrationView
    Before application of Permethrin cream the skin should be clean, cool and dry. Do not have a hot shower or bath before applying.

    For adults and children over 2 years: Apply the cream to the whole body from the neck down, rubbing lightly into the skin until the cream disappears. It is important to include all skin surfaces, such as between the fingers and toes, under the nails and on the soles of the feet.

    For babies under 2 years: Apply to the face, neck, ears and scalp as well, only avoiding the area immediately around the eyes and mouth.

    Leave cream on for at least 8 hours, before washing off. Reapply to any area that may be washed during the 8h treatment time (such as after washing the hands). If necessary, permethrin cream should be used again after 7 days as per the advice of the doctor.
    Side effectsView
    In Scabies patients, skin discomfort, usually described as burning, stinging or tingling occurs in a few individuals soon after the cream is applied. Others transient signs and symptoms of irritation including enythema, edema, eczema, rash and puritis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Permethrin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of pyrethroids or permethrin. Nursing staff who routinely apply permethrin may wear globes to avoid any possible irritation to the hands.
    PrecautionsView
    Scabies infestation is often accompanied by pruritus, edema & erythema. Treatment with permethrin may temporarily exacerbate these conditions. Patients should be advised to avoid contact with eyes during application & to flash with water immediately if the cream gets in the eyes.
    InteractionsView
    The treatment of eczemodous like reactions with corticosteroids should be withheld prior to treatment with permethrin, as there is a risk of exacerbating the scabies infestation by reducing the immune response to the mite.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    In the absence of specific studies in pregnant women, its use in pregnancy should only follow medical advice. It is not known whether permethrin is excreted in human milk so it should not be used in nursing mothers.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place, away from light & keep out of the reach of children...

    Licnil

    Ivermectin (Topical)
    Lotion 0.50% Allopathic Miscellaneous topical agents

    Indications

    Head lice

    Indication detailsView
    Ivermectin is indicated for topical treatment of head lice infestations in patients 6 months of age and older.
    Therapeutic classView
    Miscellaneous topical agents
    PharmacologyView
    Ivermectin, a member of the avermectin class, causes death of parasites, primarily through binding selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride channels, which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells. This leads to an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions with hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell, resulting in paralysis and death of the parasite. Compounds of this class may also interact with other ligandgated chloride channels, such as those gated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The selective activity of compounds of this class is attributable to the fact that some mammals do not have glutamate-gated chloride channels, the avermectins have a low affinity for mammalian ligand-gated chloride channels, and Ivermectin does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier in humans.
    DosageView
    Only for topical use in scalp & scalp hair. It is not for oral, ophthalmic or intravaginal use. Apply the Lotion to dry hair in an amount sufficient (up to 1 tube) to thoroughly coat the hair and scalp. After 10 minutes, rinse off with water. The tube is intended for single use. Discard any unused portion. Contact with eyes should be avoided
    AdministrationView
    • Your hair and scalp must be completely dry before applying Ivermectin Lotion
    • Apply Ivermectin Lotion directly to dry hair and scalp.
    • Completely cover your scalp and hair closest to the scalp first, and then apply outwards towards the ends of your hair.
    • Rub Ivermectin Lotion throughout your hair.
    • It is important to completely cover your entire head so that all lice and eggs are exposed to the lotion. Be sure that each hair is coated from the scalp to the tip.
    • Use sufficient quantities to completely cover hair and scalp.
    • Allow Ivermectin Lotion to stay on your hair and scalp for 10 minutes after it has been applied. Start timing after you have completely covered your hair and scalp with Ivermectin Lotion.
    • After 10 minutes, completely rinse Ivermectin Lotion from your hair and scalp using water only.
    • After application of Ivermectin Lotion, you or anyone who helps you to apply the lotion should wash hands properly
    Side effectsView
    Common side effects are-
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Ocular hyperemia
    • Eye irritation
    • Dandruff
    • Dry skin
    • Skin burning sensation etc.
    PrecautionsView
    Accidental ingestion in pediatric patients may occur administer only under direct adult supervision.

    Tips to prevent the spreading of lice:
    • Avoid direct head-to-head contact with anyone known to have live, crawling lice.
    • Do not share combs, brushes, hats, scarves, bandannas, ribbons, hair bands, towels, helmets, or other hair-related personal items with anyone else, whether they have lice or not.
    • After finishing treatment with anti-lice medicine, check everyone in your family for lice after one week. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about treatments for those who have lice.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with Ivermectin Lotion in pregnant women. Ivermectin Lotion should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Following oral administration, Ivermectin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. This has not been evaluated following topical administration. Caution should be exercised when Ivermectin Lotion is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Keep away from light & wet place. Keep out of reach of children.

    Licod-M

    Multivitamin & Cod Liver Oil
    Syrup Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin deficiency

    Indication detailsView
    Multivitamin syrup with cod-liver oil is indicated for growing children-
    • It helps in the development and proper functioning of their vital organs.
    • It helps to prevent vitamin deficiency and restore lost vitality after illness, in case of lack of appetite or tiredness of growing children.
    • It also increases immunity and helps to maintain healthy skin, hair, nail, teeth, bone, eye and nervous system.
    • Increases the resistance against cough, cold, chest and bronchial troubles.
    • Helps to optimize brain development.
    • In adults it helps to treat and prevent chronic diseases like heart diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, cancer etc.
    • In pregnant and nursing mother it helps in proper development of the baby.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This preparation contains 8 essential vitamins with Cod Liver Oil. This provides extra protection for the children. It ensures for getting enough vitamins for children that help them to be grown up strong & stay healthy. Cod Liver Oil contains Vitamin A, Vitamin D, EPA & DHA. Vitamin A is essential for the immune system, bone growth, night vision, cellular growth, testicular and ovarian function, Vitamin D is essential for the absorption and utilization of calcium, which is also required for skeletal growth. EPA and DHA; omega-3 fatty acids, which are converted in the body to produce prostaglandins that affect a wide variety of physiological processes due to their modulating effect on the action of hormones. Omega-3 fatty acids relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis which also enhances immune function and promotes healthy blood circulation. It is thought that EPA and DHA may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. DHA seems essential for normal brain development in unborn babies.
    DosageView
    1-12 Months: 2.5 ml (½ teaspoon) daily
    1-4 Years: 5 ml (1 teaspoon) daily
    4 years up: 7.5 ml (1½ teaspoon) daily
    Adult: 10 ml (2 teaspoons) daily.

    This syrup can be taken with water or milk.
    Side effectsView
    Generally well tolerated. However, a few allergic reactions may be seen.
    ContraindicationsView
    This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    This medicine may accumulate in the body. So, should not be taken in overdose.
    InteractionsView
    Some drug interaction may occur with- Erythromycin, Conjugated estrogens, Sodium bicarbonate, Chloramphenicol etc.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Should be taken on physician's advice.
    StorageView
    Keep in cool and dry place and away from light. Keep away from children

    Liconor

    Ursodeoxycholic Acid
    Oral Suspension 250 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anti-gallstones drugs: Bile Acids

    Indications

    Primary biliary cirrhosis

    Indication detailsView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is indicated for the treatment of
    • Cholestasis (Jaundice)
    • Viral Hepatitis
    • Alcoholic Fatty Liver
    • Primary Billiary Cirrhosis (PBC)
    • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
    • Dissolution of Gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis (NASH).
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-gallstones drugs: Bile Acids
    PharmacologyView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is a naturally occurring bile acid used to treat different hepatobilliary disorders. The activity of Ursodeoxycholic Acid is achieved through a decrease in secretion of cholesterol in bile. Ursodeoxycholic Acid achieves this through a few mechanisms: it reduces cholesterol absorption, suppresses liver cholesterol synthesis and it does not inhibit bile acid synthesis.

    Therefore, alters bile composition from supersaturated to unsaturated. Ursodeoxycholic Acid also promotes the formation of liquid cholesterol crystal complexes which enhance removal of the cholesterol from the gallbladder into the intestine to be expelled. Ursodeoxycholic Acid improves cholestatic liver diseases by-
    • Protecting cholangiocytes against cytotoxicity of hydrophobic bile acids
    • Stimulating hepatobilliary secretion
    • Protecting hepatocytes against bile acid-induced apoptosis
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is completely absorbed in the upper intestine. Time to peak serum concentration varies from 30 to 150 minutes. The rate of absorption ranges from 60-80%. After absorption Ursodeoxycholic Acid enters the portal vein and undergoes extraction from portal blood by liver where it is conjugated with amino acid & that may be either glycine or taurine and then secreted into the hepatic bile ducts. Small quantities of Ursodeoxycholic Acid appear in the circulation and very small amounts are excreted into urine. The biologic half life of Ursodeoxycholic Acid ranges from 3.5-5.8 days.
    DosageView
    Dissolution of Gall stones: 8-12 mg/kg/day either as single night time dose or in divided doses.

    Primary Billiary Cirrhosis: 10-15 mg/kg/day in 2-4 divided doses.

    Acute Viral Hepatitis: 600 mg/day.

    Alcoholic Fatty Liver: 300 mg/day.

    Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: 25-30 mg/kg/day.

    Dissolution of Gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis: 13-15 mg/kg/day.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly reported side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gallstone opacilication, pruritus.
    ContraindicationsView
    Non-functioning gall-bladder calcified and pigmented gallstones, inflammatory bowel disease.
    PrecautionsView
    It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease.
    InteractionsView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid should not be used with drugs, such as oestrogenic hormones, that increase bile cholesterol. Concomitant administration with bile-acid binding drugs including antacids, charcoal and cholestyramine should be avoided, since this may reduce the effectiveness of therapy with Ursodeoxycholic acid.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. No evidence of harm has been reported in pregnancy. It has been effectively used for the treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy during the last trimester without any side effects. Problems have not been documented in humans regarding breast feeding.
    StorageView
    Store below 25° C. Protected from light and moisture. Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.

    Liconor

    Ursodeoxycholic Acid
    Tablet 300 mg Allopathic Anti-gallstones drugs: Bile Acids

    Indications

    Primary biliary cirrhosis

    Indication detailsView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is indicated for the treatment of
    • Cholestasis (Jaundice)
    • Viral Hepatitis
    • Alcoholic Fatty Liver
    • Primary Billiary Cirrhosis (PBC)
    • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
    • Dissolution of Gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis (NASH).
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-gallstones drugs: Bile Acids
    PharmacologyView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is a naturally occurring bile acid used to treat different hepatobilliary disorders. The activity of Ursodeoxycholic Acid is achieved through a decrease in secretion of cholesterol in bile. Ursodeoxycholic Acid achieves this through a few mechanisms: it reduces cholesterol absorption, suppresses liver cholesterol synthesis and it does not inhibit bile acid synthesis.

    Therefore, alters bile composition from supersaturated to unsaturated. Ursodeoxycholic Acid also promotes the formation of liquid cholesterol crystal complexes which enhance removal of the cholesterol from the gallbladder into the intestine to be expelled. Ursodeoxycholic Acid improves cholestatic liver diseases by-
    • Protecting cholangiocytes against cytotoxicity of hydrophobic bile acids
    • Stimulating hepatobilliary secretion
    • Protecting hepatocytes against bile acid-induced apoptosis
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid is completely absorbed in the upper intestine. Time to peak serum concentration varies from 30 to 150 minutes. The rate of absorption ranges from 60-80%. After absorption Ursodeoxycholic Acid enters the portal vein and undergoes extraction from portal blood by liver where it is conjugated with amino acid & that may be either glycine or taurine and then secreted into the hepatic bile ducts. Small quantities of Ursodeoxycholic Acid appear in the circulation and very small amounts are excreted into urine. The biologic half life of Ursodeoxycholic Acid ranges from 3.5-5.8 days.
    DosageView
    Dissolution of Gall stones: 8-12 mg/kg/day either as single night time dose or in divided doses.

    Primary Billiary Cirrhosis: 10-15 mg/kg/day in 2-4 divided doses.

    Acute Viral Hepatitis: 600 mg/day.

    Alcoholic Fatty Liver: 300 mg/day.

    Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: 25-30 mg/kg/day.

    Dissolution of Gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis: 13-15 mg/kg/day.
    Side effectsView
    Commonly reported side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gallstone opacilication, pruritus.
    ContraindicationsView
    Non-functioning gall-bladder calcified and pigmented gallstones, inflammatory bowel disease.
    PrecautionsView
    It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease.
    InteractionsView
    Ursodeoxycholic Acid should not be used with drugs, such as oestrogenic hormones, that increase bile cholesterol. Concomitant administration with bile-acid binding drugs including antacids, charcoal and cholestyramine should be avoided, since this may reduce the effectiveness of therapy with Ursodeoxycholic acid.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. No evidence of harm has been reported in pregnancy. It has been effectively used for the treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy during the last trimester without any side effects. Problems have not been documented in humans regarding breast feeding.
    StorageView
    Store below 25° C. Protected from light and moisture. Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.