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Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Indications
Stroke
Indication detailsView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- For the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers (Troponin or CK-MB). It is co-administered with Aspirin alone or with Aspirin plus Clopidogrel orTidopidine.
- To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE
- For the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery
Therapeutic classView
Oral Anti-coagulants
PharmacologyView
Rivaroxaban is a highly selective direct factor Xa inhibitor. Inhibition of factor Xa interrupts the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade, inhibits thrombin formation. Rivaroxaban does not inhibit thrombin (activated factor II) and no effects on platelets have been demonstrated.
DosageView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- The recommended dose: 2.5 mg twice daily. Patients should also take a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin or a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin in addition to either a daily dose of 75 mg clopidogrel or a standard daily dose of ticlopidine.
- Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: For patients with Creatinin Clearance >50 mL/min: 20 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal. For patients with Creatinin Clearance 15-50 ml/min: 15 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal.
- Treatment of DVT & PE: 15 mg orally twice daily with food for the first 21 days for the initial treatment of acute DVT or PE. After the initial treatment period, 20 mg orally once daily with food for the remaining treatment.
- Prevention in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE: 20 mg once daily with food.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following Hip replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 35 days.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following knee replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 12 days.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Rivaroxaban have increased chance of bleeding, spinal or epidural hematoma and increased risk of stroke after discontinuation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity of Rivaroxaban or any of the excipients of the product. It is also contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding.
PrecautionsView
Early discontinuation of Rivaroxaban, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. Rivaroxaban increases the risk of bleeding that can be fatal in presence of following risk factors- bleeding disorders, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease), vascular retinopathy, bronchiectasis, history of pulmonary bleeding. Signs or symptoms of neurological impairment should be monitored in case of neuraxial anesthesia (spinal/epidural anesthesia) or spinal puncture as epidural or spinal hematoma can occur. Rivaroxaban is not recommended in patients with pulmonary embolism who present with hemodynamic instability or who may receive thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with drugs that are combined P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, dronedarone) increases in Rivaroxaban exposure and pharmacodynamic effects (i.e., factor Xa inhibition and PT prolongation), that’s why should be avoided. Co-administration of Rivaroxaban with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine) decreases the efficacy of Rivaroxaban and also should be avoided. The concomitant use of other drugs like anti-platelet agents, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Rivaroxaban is a pregnancy category C drug. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies of Rivaroxaban in pregnant women, and dosing for pregnant women has not been established. It is not known if Rivaroxaban is excreted in human milk. The safety and efficacy of Rivaroxaban has not been established in breastfeeding women.
Overdose effectsView
Overdose of Rivaroxaban may lead to hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban systemic exposure is not further increased at single doses >50 mg due to limited absorption. A specific antidote for Rivaroxaban is not available. The use of activated charcoal to reduce absorption in case of Rivaroxaban overdose may be considered. Partial reversal of laboratory anticoagulation parameters may be achieved with use of plasma products.
StorageView
Store in a cool (below 30°C) & dry place protected from light. Keep away from the reach of children.
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Indications
Stroke
Indication detailsView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- For the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers (Troponin or CK-MB). It is co-administered with Aspirin alone or with Aspirin plus Clopidogrel orTidopidine.
- To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE
- For the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery
Therapeutic classView
Oral Anti-coagulants
PharmacologyView
Rivaroxaban is a highly selective direct factor Xa inhibitor. Inhibition of factor Xa interrupts the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade, inhibits thrombin formation. Rivaroxaban does not inhibit thrombin (activated factor II) and no effects on platelets have been demonstrated.
DosageView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- The recommended dose: 2.5 mg twice daily. Patients should also take a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin or a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin in addition to either a daily dose of 75 mg clopidogrel or a standard daily dose of ticlopidine.
- Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: For patients with Creatinin Clearance >50 mL/min: 20 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal. For patients with Creatinin Clearance 15-50 ml/min: 15 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal.
- Treatment of DVT & PE: 15 mg orally twice daily with food for the first 21 days for the initial treatment of acute DVT or PE. After the initial treatment period, 20 mg orally once daily with food for the remaining treatment.
- Prevention in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE: 20 mg once daily with food.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following Hip replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 35 days.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following knee replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 12 days.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Rivaroxaban have increased chance of bleeding, spinal or epidural hematoma and increased risk of stroke after discontinuation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity of Rivaroxaban or any of the excipients of the product. It is also contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding.
PrecautionsView
Early discontinuation of Rivaroxaban, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. Rivaroxaban increases the risk of bleeding that can be fatal in presence of following risk factors- bleeding disorders, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease), vascular retinopathy, bronchiectasis, history of pulmonary bleeding. Signs or symptoms of neurological impairment should be monitored in case of neuraxial anesthesia (spinal/epidural anesthesia) or spinal puncture as epidural or spinal hematoma can occur. Rivaroxaban is not recommended in patients with pulmonary embolism who present with hemodynamic instability or who may receive thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with drugs that are combined P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, dronedarone) increases in Rivaroxaban exposure and pharmacodynamic effects (i.e., factor Xa inhibition and PT prolongation), that’s why should be avoided. Co-administration of Rivaroxaban with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine) decreases the efficacy of Rivaroxaban and also should be avoided. The concomitant use of other drugs like anti-platelet agents, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Rivaroxaban is a pregnancy category C drug. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies of Rivaroxaban in pregnant women, and dosing for pregnant women has not been established. It is not known if Rivaroxaban is excreted in human milk. The safety and efficacy of Rivaroxaban has not been established in breastfeeding women.
Overdose effectsView
Overdose of Rivaroxaban may lead to hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban systemic exposure is not further increased at single doses >50 mg due to limited absorption. A specific antidote for Rivaroxaban is not available. The use of activated charcoal to reduce absorption in case of Rivaroxaban overdose may be considered. Partial reversal of laboratory anticoagulation parameters may be achieved with use of plasma products.
StorageView
Store in a cool (below 30°C) & dry place protected from light. Keep away from the reach of children.
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Indications
Stroke
Indication detailsView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- For the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers (Troponin or CK-MB). It is co-administered with Aspirin alone or with Aspirin plus Clopidogrel orTidopidine.
- To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE
- For the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery
Therapeutic classView
Oral Anti-coagulants
PharmacologyView
Rivaroxaban is a highly selective direct factor Xa inhibitor. Inhibition of factor Xa interrupts the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade, inhibits thrombin formation. Rivaroxaban does not inhibit thrombin (activated factor II) and no effects on platelets have been demonstrated.
DosageView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- The recommended dose: 2.5 mg twice daily. Patients should also take a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin or a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin in addition to either a daily dose of 75 mg clopidogrel or a standard daily dose of ticlopidine.
- Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: For patients with Creatinin Clearance >50 mL/min: 20 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal. For patients with Creatinin Clearance 15-50 ml/min: 15 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal.
- Treatment of DVT & PE: 15 mg orally twice daily with food for the first 21 days for the initial treatment of acute DVT or PE. After the initial treatment period, 20 mg orally once daily with food for the remaining treatment.
- Prevention in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE: 20 mg once daily with food.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following Hip replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 35 days.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following knee replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 12 days.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Rivaroxaban have increased chance of bleeding, spinal or epidural hematoma and increased risk of stroke after discontinuation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity of Rivaroxaban or any of the excipients of the product. It is also contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding.
PrecautionsView
Early discontinuation of Rivaroxaban, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. Rivaroxaban increases the risk of bleeding that can be fatal in presence of following risk factors- bleeding disorders, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease), vascular retinopathy, bronchiectasis, history of pulmonary bleeding. Signs or symptoms of neurological impairment should be monitored in case of neuraxial anesthesia (spinal/epidural anesthesia) or spinal puncture as epidural or spinal hematoma can occur. Rivaroxaban is not recommended in patients with pulmonary embolism who present with hemodynamic instability or who may receive thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with drugs that are combined P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, dronedarone) increases in Rivaroxaban exposure and pharmacodynamic effects (i.e., factor Xa inhibition and PT prolongation), that’s why should be avoided. Co-administration of Rivaroxaban with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine) decreases the efficacy of Rivaroxaban and also should be avoided. The concomitant use of other drugs like anti-platelet agents, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Rivaroxaban is a pregnancy category C drug. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies of Rivaroxaban in pregnant women, and dosing for pregnant women has not been established. It is not known if Rivaroxaban is excreted in human milk. The safety and efficacy of Rivaroxaban has not been established in breastfeeding women.
Overdose effectsView
Overdose of Rivaroxaban may lead to hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban systemic exposure is not further increased at single doses >50 mg due to limited absorption. A specific antidote for Rivaroxaban is not available. The use of activated charcoal to reduce absorption in case of Rivaroxaban overdose may be considered. Partial reversal of laboratory anticoagulation parameters may be achieved with use of plasma products.
StorageView
Store in a cool (below 30°C) & dry place protected from light. Keep away from the reach of children.
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Kinexa
Rivaroxaban
Indications
Stroke
Indication detailsView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- For the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers (Troponin or CK-MB). It is co-administered with Aspirin alone or with Aspirin plus Clopidogrel orTidopidine.
- To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE
- For the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery
Therapeutic classView
Oral Anti-coagulants
PharmacologyView
Rivaroxaban is a highly selective direct factor Xa inhibitor. Inhibition of factor Xa interrupts the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade, inhibits thrombin formation. Rivaroxaban does not inhibit thrombin (activated factor II) and no effects on platelets have been demonstrated.
DosageView
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg:
- The recommended dose: 2.5 mg twice daily. Patients should also take a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin or a daily dose of 75-100 mg Aspirin in addition to either a daily dose of 75 mg clopidogrel or a standard daily dose of ticlopidine.
- Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: For patients with Creatinin Clearance >50 mL/min: 20 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal. For patients with Creatinin Clearance 15-50 ml/min: 15 mg orally, once daily with the evening meal.
- Treatment of DVT & PE: 15 mg orally twice daily with food for the first 21 days for the initial treatment of acute DVT or PE. After the initial treatment period, 20 mg orally once daily with food for the remaining treatment.
- Prevention in the risk of recurrence of DVT and of PE: 20 mg once daily with food.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following Hip replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 35 days.
- Prophylaxis of DVT following knee replacement surgery: 10 mg once daily for 12 days.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Rivaroxaban have increased chance of bleeding, spinal or epidural hematoma and increased risk of stroke after discontinuation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity of Rivaroxaban or any of the excipients of the product. It is also contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding.
PrecautionsView
Early discontinuation of Rivaroxaban, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. Rivaroxaban increases the risk of bleeding that can be fatal in presence of following risk factors- bleeding disorders, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease), vascular retinopathy, bronchiectasis, history of pulmonary bleeding. Signs or symptoms of neurological impairment should be monitored in case of neuraxial anesthesia (spinal/epidural anesthesia) or spinal puncture as epidural or spinal hematoma can occur. Rivaroxaban is not recommended in patients with pulmonary embolism who present with hemodynamic instability or who may receive thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy.
InteractionsView
Concomitant use with drugs that are combined P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, dronedarone) increases in Rivaroxaban exposure and pharmacodynamic effects (i.e., factor Xa inhibition and PT prolongation), that’s why should be avoided. Co-administration of Rivaroxaban with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine) decreases the efficacy of Rivaroxaban and also should be avoided. The concomitant use of other drugs like anti-platelet agents, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Rivaroxaban is a pregnancy category C drug. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies of Rivaroxaban in pregnant women, and dosing for pregnant women has not been established. It is not known if Rivaroxaban is excreted in human milk. The safety and efficacy of Rivaroxaban has not been established in breastfeeding women.
Overdose effectsView
Overdose of Rivaroxaban may lead to hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban systemic exposure is not further increased at single doses >50 mg due to limited absorption. A specific antidote for Rivaroxaban is not available. The use of activated charcoal to reduce absorption in case of Rivaroxaban overdose may be considered. Partial reversal of laboratory anticoagulation parameters may be achieved with use of plasma products.
StorageView
Store in a cool (below 30°C) & dry place protected from light. Keep away from the reach of children.
King seas
Multivitamin & Cod Liver Oil
King seas
Multivitamin & Cod Liver Oil
Indications
Vitamin deficiency
Indication detailsView
Multivitamin syrup with cod-liver oil is indicated for growing children-
- It helps in the development and proper functioning of their vital organs.
- It helps to prevent vitamin deficiency and restore lost vitality after illness, in case of lack of appetite or tiredness of growing children.
- It also increases immunity and helps to maintain healthy skin, hair, nail, teeth, bone, eye and nervous system.
- Increases the resistance against cough, cold, chest and bronchial troubles.
- Helps to optimize brain development.
- In adults it helps to treat and prevent chronic diseases like heart diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, cancer etc.
- In pregnant and nursing mother it helps in proper development of the baby.
Therapeutic classView
Specific combined vitamin preparations
PharmacologyView
This preparation contains 8 essential vitamins with Cod Liver Oil. This provides extra protection for the children. It ensures for getting enough vitamins for children that help them to be grown up strong & stay healthy. Cod Liver Oil contains Vitamin A, Vitamin D, EPA & DHA. Vitamin A is essential for the immune system, bone growth, night vision, cellular growth, testicular and ovarian function, Vitamin D is essential for the absorption and utilization of calcium, which is also required for skeletal growth. EPA and DHA; omega-3 fatty acids, which are converted in the body to produce prostaglandins that affect a wide variety of physiological processes due to their modulating effect on the action of hormones. Omega-3 fatty acids relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis which also enhances immune function and promotes healthy blood circulation. It is thought that EPA and DHA may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. DHA seems essential for normal brain development in unborn babies.
DosageView
1-12 Months: 2.5 ml (½ teaspoon) daily
1-4 Years: 5 ml (1 teaspoon) daily
4 years up: 7.5 ml (1½ teaspoon) daily
Adult: 10 ml (2 teaspoons) daily.
This syrup can be taken with water or milk.
1-4 Years: 5 ml (1 teaspoon) daily
4 years up: 7.5 ml (1½ teaspoon) daily
Adult: 10 ml (2 teaspoons) daily.
This syrup can be taken with water or milk.
Side effectsView
Generally well tolerated. However, a few allergic reactions may be seen.
ContraindicationsView
This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
PrecautionsView
This medicine may accumulate in the body. So, should not be taken in overdose.
InteractionsView
Some drug interaction may occur with- Erythromycin, Conjugated estrogens, Sodium bicarbonate, Chloramphenicol etc.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Should be taken on physician's advice.
StorageView
Keep in cool and dry place and away from light. Keep away from children
Kingcox
Etoricoxib
Kingcox
Etoricoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis
Indication detailsView
Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Ankylosing spondylitis, and
- The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
- For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
Therapeutic classView
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
DosageView
Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
- Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
- Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
Side effectsView
Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
ContraindicationsView
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
- Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
- Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
- Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
- Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
- Inflammatory bowel disease.
- Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
- Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
- Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
PrecautionsView
- Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
- Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
- Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
- Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
- Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
- Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
- Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
InteractionsView
With medicine:
- Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
- Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
- Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
- Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
- Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
Overdose effectsView
Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
StorageView
Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Kingcox
Etoricoxib
Kingcox
Etoricoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis
Indication detailsView
Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Ankylosing spondylitis, and
- The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
- For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
Therapeutic classView
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
DosageView
Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
- Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
- Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
Side effectsView
Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
ContraindicationsView
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
- Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
- Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
- Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
- Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
- Inflammatory bowel disease.
- Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
- Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
- Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
PrecautionsView
- Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
- Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
- Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
- Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
- Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
- Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
- Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
InteractionsView
With medicine:
- Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
- Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
- Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
- Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
- Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
Overdose effectsView
Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
StorageView
Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Kingdol
Tramadol Hydrochloride
Kingdol
Tramadol Hydrochloride
Indications
Renal colic
Indication detailsView
Tramadol is used for the treatment of moderate to severe painful conditions. These include:
- Postoperative pain
- Colic and spastic pain
- Cancer pain
- Joint pain
- Neck and back pain
- Pain associated with osteoporosis.
Therapeutic classView
Opioid analgesics
PharmacologyView
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound. It inhibits the re uptake of neurotransmitters- serotonin and noradrenaline. Thus it modifies the transmission of pain impulses by activating both descending serotonergic pathways and noradrenergic pathways involved in analgesia. The analgesic effects of Tramadol are mediated via stimulation of mu-opioid receptors and indirect modulation of central monoaminergic inhibitory pathways.
DosageView
Capsule or Tablet: Usual doses are 50 to 100 mg every four to six hours. For acute pain an initial dose of 100 mg is required. For chronic painful conditions an initial dose of 50 mg is recommended. Subsequent doses should be 50 to 100 mg administered 4-6 hourly. The dose level and frequency of dosing will depend on the severity of the pain.The total daily dosage by mouth should not exceed 400 mg.
Sustained Release Capsule or Tablet: One SR capsule or tablet every 12 hours, for example first one in the morning and then at the same time in the evening. The number of capsules taken at a time will depend upon severity of pain, but it should not be taken more frequently than every 12 hours.The total daily dosage by mouth should not exceed 400 mg.
Injection: A dose of 50-100 mg may be given every 4 to 6 hours by intramuscular or by intravenous infusion. For the treatment of postoperative pain,the initial dose is 100 mg followed by 50 mg every 10 to 20 minutes if necessary to a maximum of 250 mg in the first hour. Thereafter, doses are 50 to 100 mg every 4 to 6 hours up to a total daily dose of 600 mg.
Suppository: Tramadol suppository should be administered rectally. For adults usual dose is 100 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride 6 hourly. In general, 400 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride (4 Tramadol suppository) per day sufficient. However, for the treatment of Cancer pain and severe pain after operations much higher daily doses can be used.
Sustained Release Capsule or Tablet: One SR capsule or tablet every 12 hours, for example first one in the morning and then at the same time in the evening. The number of capsules taken at a time will depend upon severity of pain, but it should not be taken more frequently than every 12 hours.The total daily dosage by mouth should not exceed 400 mg.
Injection: A dose of 50-100 mg may be given every 4 to 6 hours by intramuscular or by intravenous infusion. For the treatment of postoperative pain,the initial dose is 100 mg followed by 50 mg every 10 to 20 minutes if necessary to a maximum of 250 mg in the first hour. Thereafter, doses are 50 to 100 mg every 4 to 6 hours up to a total daily dose of 600 mg.
Suppository: Tramadol suppository should be administered rectally. For adults usual dose is 100 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride 6 hourly. In general, 400 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride (4 Tramadol suppository) per day sufficient. However, for the treatment of Cancer pain and severe pain after operations much higher daily doses can be used.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side-effects are dizziness/vertigo, nausea, constipation, headache, somnolence, vomiting, pruritus, CNS stimulation, asthenia, sweating, dyspepsia, dry mouth, diarrhoea. Less commonly occurring side-effects include malaise, allergic reaction, weight loss, vasodilatation, palpitations, abdominal pain, anorexia, flatulence, GI bleeding, hepatitis, stomatitis etc.
ContraindicationsView
Tramadol is contraindicated in persons having hypersensitivity to this drug. It is also contraindicated in acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opioids or psychotropic drugs.
PrecautionsView
Respiratory depression: When large doses of tramadol are administered with anaesthetic with anaesthetic medications or alcohol, respiratory depression may result. Therefore, tramadol should be administered cautiously in patients at risk for respiratory depression.
Opioid dependence: Tramadol is not recommended for patients who are dependent on opioids.
Concomitant CNS depressants: Tramadol should be used with caution and in reduced dosages when administering to patients receiving CNS depressants such as alcohol, opioids, anesthetic agents, phenothiazines, tranquilizers or sedative hypnotics.
Concomitant MAO inhibitors: Tramadol should be used with great caution in patients taking MAO inhibitors, since tramadol inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Tramadol should be used with caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure or head injury and patients with acute abdominal conditions.
Opioid dependence: Tramadol is not recommended for patients who are dependent on opioids.
Concomitant CNS depressants: Tramadol should be used with caution and in reduced dosages when administering to patients receiving CNS depressants such as alcohol, opioids, anesthetic agents, phenothiazines, tranquilizers or sedative hypnotics.
Concomitant MAO inhibitors: Tramadol should be used with great caution in patients taking MAO inhibitors, since tramadol inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Tramadol should be used with caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure or head injury and patients with acute abdominal conditions.
InteractionsView
In general, physician need not be concerned about drugs interacting with Tramadol. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors represent the only drug class not recommended for combination with Tramadol. Concomitant administration of carbamazepine with Tramadol causes a significant increase in Tramadol metabolism and it requires to increase the dose of Tramadol.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Safe use of Tramadol in pregnancy has not been established. Tramadol has been shown to cross the placenta. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, Tramadol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the foetus. Tramadol Hydrochloride should not be administered during breast feeding as Tramadol and its metabolites have been detected in breast milk.
Pediatric usageView
In children from the age of 1 year Tramadol Hydrochloride can be given in a dose of 1-2 mg/kg body weight. However,suppository (100 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride) should not be administered in children and adolescents below the age of 14 years. Tramadol Hydrochloride 100 mg SR Capsules have not been studied in children. Therefore, safety and efficacy have not been established and the product should not be used in children.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Kit-63
Mifepristone + Misoprostol
Kit-63
Mifepristone + Misoprostol
Indications
Termination of pregnancy
Indication detailsView
This kit is indicated for early Menstrual Regulation (MR)/termination of pregnancy up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestation.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs acting on the Uterus, Prostaglandin analogues
PharmacologyView
Mifepristone: Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid with anti-progestational activity results from competitive interaction with progesterone at progesterone-receptor sites. Based on studies with various oral doses in several animal species, the compound inhibits the activity of endogenous or exogenous progesterone and the Menstrual Regulation (MR) results. During pregnancy, the compound sensitizes the myometrium to the contraction-inducing activity of prostaglandins.
Misoprostol: Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1. It causes myometrial contraction by interacting with specific receptors on myometrial cells. This interaction results in a change in calcium concentration, thereby initiating muscle contraction. By interacting with prostaglandin receptors, Misoprostol causes the cervix to soften and the uterus to contract, resulting in the expulsion of the uterine contents.
Misoprostol: Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1. It causes myometrial contraction by interacting with specific receptors on myometrial cells. This interaction results in a change in calcium concentration, thereby initiating muscle contraction. By interacting with prostaglandin receptors, Misoprostol causes the cervix to soften and the uterus to contract, resulting in the expulsion of the uterine contents.
DosageView
This can only be prescribed by qualified medical professionals who are able to assess the gestational age of an embryo and to diagnose ectopic pregnancies. The qualified medical professionals must also be able to provide surgical Intervention/MVA (Manual Vaccum Aspiration) in cases of incomplete abortion or severe bleeding or have made plans to provide such care through others and be able to assure patient access to medical facilities equipped to provide blood transfusions and resuscitation, if necessary.
Day 1 (First visit): Mifepristone administration: One tablet of Mifepristone (200 mg) is taken in a single oral dose under the supervision of a qualified medical professional in a clinic, medical office or hospital.
Day 2 (Second visit): Misoprostol administration: 24-48 hours after ingesting the Mifepristone tablet, the patient takes four 200 microgram tablets (800 micrograms) of Misoprostol buccally or sublingually. Misoprostol tablets can be administered by the patient herself (place two tablets on each side of cheeck & gum or under the tongue). She should wait for 30 minutes. During the period immediately following the administration of Misoprostol, the patient may need medication for cramps or gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient should be given instructions on what to do if significant discomfort, excessive bleeding or other adverse reactions occur and should be given a phone number to call if she has questions following the administration of Misoprostol.
Day 10 to 14 (Third visit): Post-treatment examination: Patients must return to the clinic, medical office or hospital within 10 to 14 days after the administration of mifepristone. This visit is very important to confirm by clinical examination or ultrasonographic scan that a complete termination of pregnancy has occurred.
Patients who have an ongoing pregnancy at this visit have a risk of fetal malformation resulting from the treatment. Surgical termination/MVA is recommended to manage Menstrual Regulation (MR)/termination of pregnancy failures.
Day 1 (First visit): Mifepristone administration: One tablet of Mifepristone (200 mg) is taken in a single oral dose under the supervision of a qualified medical professional in a clinic, medical office or hospital.
Day 2 (Second visit): Misoprostol administration: 24-48 hours after ingesting the Mifepristone tablet, the patient takes four 200 microgram tablets (800 micrograms) of Misoprostol buccally or sublingually. Misoprostol tablets can be administered by the patient herself (place two tablets on each side of cheeck & gum or under the tongue). She should wait for 30 minutes. During the period immediately following the administration of Misoprostol, the patient may need medication for cramps or gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient should be given instructions on what to do if significant discomfort, excessive bleeding or other adverse reactions occur and should be given a phone number to call if she has questions following the administration of Misoprostol.
Day 10 to 14 (Third visit): Post-treatment examination: Patients must return to the clinic, medical office or hospital within 10 to 14 days after the administration of mifepristone. This visit is very important to confirm by clinical examination or ultrasonographic scan that a complete termination of pregnancy has occurred.
Patients who have an ongoing pregnancy at this visit have a risk of fetal malformation resulting from the treatment. Surgical termination/MVA is recommended to manage Menstrual Regulation (MR)/termination of pregnancy failures.
Side effectsView
Mifepristone: The treatment procedure is designed to induce vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping necessary for Menstrual Regulation (MR). Commonly reported side effects were nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Pelvic pain, fainting, headache, dizziness, and asthenia occurred rarely.
Misoprostol: Gastro-intestinal side-effects like diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, dyspepsia, headache, vomiting and constipation, shivering, hyperthermia, dizziness, pain due to uterine contractions, severe vaginal bleeding, shock, pelvic pain, uterine rupture (requiring surgical repair, hysterectomy and/or salpingo-oophorectomy).
Misoprostol: Gastro-intestinal side-effects like diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, dyspepsia, headache, vomiting and constipation, shivering, hyperthermia, dizziness, pain due to uterine contractions, severe vaginal bleeding, shock, pelvic pain, uterine rupture (requiring surgical repair, hysterectomy and/or salpingo-oophorectomy).
ContraindicationsView
Administration of Mifepristone is contraindicated in patients with any one of the following conditions: History of allergy or known hypersensitivity to Mifepristone, Misoprostol or other prostaglandin, confirmed or suspected ectopic pregnancy or undiagnosed adnexal mass (the treatment procedure will not be effective to terminate an ectopic pregnancy), IUD in place, chronic adrenal failure, haemorrhagic disorders or concurrent anticoagulant therapy, inherited porphyria, If a patient does not have adequate access to medical facilities equipped to provide emergency treatment of incomplete process, blood transfusions and emergency resuscitation during the period from the first visit until discharged by the administering physician.
PrecautionsView
The patient should not give combination of Mifepristone & Misoprostol to anyone else. The combination of Mifepristone & Misoprostol has been prescribed for the patient's specific condition, it may not be the correct treatment for another person, and may be dangerous to the other person if she is or were to become pregnant. Any Intra Uterine Device [IUD] should be removed before treatment with Mifepristone begins. Menstrual Regulation (MR) by surgery is recommended in cases when combination of Mifepristone & Misoprostol fails to cause Menstrual Regulation (MR). Patients who have an ongoing pregnancy at last visit have a risk of foetal malformation resulting from the treatment. Surgical termination/MVA is recommended to manage Menstrual Regulation (MR)/ termination of pregnancy failures.
InteractionsView
Mifepristone: Although specific drug or food interactions with Mifepristone have not been studied, on the basis of this drug's metabolism by CYP 3A4, it is possible that Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Erythromycin and grapefruit juice may inhibit its metabolism (increasing serum levels of mifepristone).
Misoprostol: Misoprostol has not been shown to interfere with the beneficial effects of aspirin on signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Misoprostol does not exert clinically significant effects on the absorption,blood levels and antiplatelet effects of therapeutic doses of aspirin.
Misoprostol: Misoprostol has not been shown to interfere with the beneficial effects of aspirin on signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Misoprostol does not exert clinically significant effects on the absorption,blood levels and antiplatelet effects of therapeutic doses of aspirin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy- Mifepristone: is indicated for Menstrual Regulation (MR) (through 63 days pregnancy) and has no other approved indication for use during pregnancy. Patients who have an ongoing pregnancy at the last visit have a risk of foetal malformation resulting from the treatment. Surgical termination is recommended to manage Menstrual Regulation (MR) treatment failures.
Lactation-
Lactation-
- Mifepristone: It is not known whether Mifepristone is excreted through human milk. Many hormones with a similar chemical structure, however, are excreted in breast milk. Since the effects of Mifepristone on infants are unknown, breast-feeding women should consult with their doctor to decide if they should discard their breast milk for a few days following administration of the medications.
- Misoprostol: Although it is not known whether Misoprostol or Misoprostol is excreted through human milk, Misoprostol should not be administered to nursing mothers because the potential excretion of misoprostol acid could cause diarrhoea in nursing infants.
Pediatric usageView
Use in Patients with Hepatic Impairment: Patients with hepatic disease should receive a decreased dose of Misoprostol.
Use in Patients with Renal Impairment: No routine dosage adjustment is recommended of Misoprostol in older patients or patients with renal impairment but the dosage may need to be reduced if the usual dose is not tolerated.
Use in Patients with Renal Impairment: No routine dosage adjustment is recommended of Misoprostol in older patients or patients with renal impairment but the dosage may need to be reduced if the usual dose is not tolerated.
Overdose effectsView
Mifepristone: No serious adverse reactions were reported in tolerance studies in healthy nonpregnant female and healthy male subjects where Mifepristone was administered in single doses greater than threefold of 600mg for Menstrual Regulation (MR). If a patient ingests a massive overdose, she should be observed closely for signs of adrenal failure.
Misoprostol: Clinical signs that may indicate an overdose are a sedation, tremor, convulsions, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, palpitations, hypotension or bradycardia. Symptoms should be treated with supportive therapy. However, because Misoprostol is metabolized like a fatty acid, it is unlikely that dialysis would be the appropriate treatment for overdosage.
Misoprostol: Clinical signs that may indicate an overdose are a sedation, tremor, convulsions, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, palpitations, hypotension or bradycardia. Symptoms should be treated with supportive therapy. However, because Misoprostol is metabolized like a fatty acid, it is unlikely that dialysis would be the appropriate treatment for overdosage.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
Kitaf
Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
Kitaf
Ketotifen Fumarate (Oral)
Indications
Asthma prophylaxis
Indication detailsView
Ketotifen is indicated in the following conditions-
- For the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma.
- Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
- For alleviating the complications of itching, pain and tenderness associated with neurofibroma.
- Symptomatic treatment of allergy such as hayfever, urticaria.
Therapeutic classView
Cromoglycate & related drugs
PharmacologyView
Ketotifen has anti-allergic properties and has been used similarly, to sodium chromoglycate in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. It also has the properties of an antihistamine. Ketotifen possesses marked anti-anaphylactic properties and is effective in preventing an asthmatic attacks. Ketotifen exerts as sustained inhibitory effect on histamine reactions, which can be clearly dissociated from its anti-anaphylactic properties. Experimental investigations in asthmatic subjects have shown that Ketotifen is as effective orally as a selective mast cell stabilizer administered by inhalation. Antihistamines were ineffective in those tests. The effectiveness of Ketotifen has been studied in long-term clinical trials. Asthma attacks were reduced in number, severity and duration and in some cases, the patients were completely freed from attacks. Progressive reduction of corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators was also possible. The prophylactic activity of Ketotifen may take several weeks to become fully established. Ketotifen will not abort established attacks of asthma.
DosageView
Adults: 1 mg twice daily with food. If necessary the dose may be increased to 2 mg twice daily in severe cases.
Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.
Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
Children above 3 years: 1 mg twice daily with food. Patients known to be easily sedated should begin treatment with 0.5 to 1 mg at night for the first few days or as directed by the physician.
Use in elderly: Same as adult dose or as advised by the physician.
Side effectsView
Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
ContraindicationsView
A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Ketotifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agent and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided. Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, recommendations for Ketotifen in pregnancy or when breast feeding can not be given.
PrecautionsView
It is important to continue the previous treatment for a minimum of two weeks after starting Ketotifen to avoid the possibility of exacerbation of asthma. This applies specially to systemic corticosteroids and ACTH because of the possible existence of adrenocortical insufficiency in steroid dependent patient. If inter current infection occurs, Ketotifen treatment must be supplemented by specific antimicrobial therapy. During the first day of treatment with Ketotifen, reactions may be impaired and patients should be warned not to take charge of vehicle or machinery until the effect of Ketotifen treatment on the individual is known. Patients should be advised to avoid alcoholic drinks. Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohol.
InteractionsView
Ketotifen may potentiate the effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines and alcohols. A reversible fall in the platelet count has been observed in a few patients receiving Tifen concomitantly with oral antidiabetic agents and it has been suggested that this combination should therefore be avoided.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although there is no evidence of any teratogenic effect, Ketotifen in pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
The reported features of overdosage include confusion, drowsiness, headache, bradycardia, respiratory depression etc. should be watched for. Elimination of the drug with gastric lavage or emessis is recommended. Otherwise, general supportive treatment is all that is required shall be instituted.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Kitex
Dexketoprofen
Kitex
Dexketoprofen
Indications
Rheumatic disorders
Indication detailsView
Symptomatic treatment of pain and inflammation of mild or moderate intensity, such as musculo-skeletal pain, menstrual pain, & dental pain
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Dexketoprofen is the S(+)-enantiomer of Ketoprofen and is responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Ketoprofen. The inactive R(-)-enantiomer does not contribute to the therapeutic properties of Ketoprofen but adds to the metabolic load. Dexketoprofen has been formulated as a trometamol salt. Its high solubility in water means a rapid absorption through the gut wall which results in a more rapid onset of action than Ketoprofen. Peak plasma concentrations are attained more quickly than other widely used analgesics with an onset of action of 30 minutes. Dexketoprofen trometamol, given as a tablet, is rapidly absorbed, with a time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) of between 0.25 and 0.75 hours, whereas the tmax for the S-enantiomer after the racemic drug, administered as tablets or capsules prepared with the free acid, is between 0.5 and 3 hours. Peak plasma concentrations of 1.4 and 3.1 mg/L are reached after administration of Dexketoprofen trometamol 12.5 and 25 mg, respectively. From 70 to 80% of the administered dose is recovered in the urine during the first 12 hours, mainly as the acyl-glucuronoconjugated parent drug. No R(-)-Ketoprofen is found in the urine after administration of Dexketoprofen [S(+)-Ketoprofen], confirming the absence of bioinversion of the S(+)-enantiomer in humans. The anti-inflammatory potency of Dexketoprofen was always equivalent to that demonstrated by twice the dose of Ketoprofen.
DosageView
The dose of Dexketoprofen 25 mg tablets depends on the type, severity, and duration of pain. The recommended dose is generally 1 tablet every 8 hours, with no more than 3 tablets daily. The elderly and patients with renal or hepatic impairment should start treatment with a total daily dose of no more than 2 tablets. Normally it is recommended to take the tablets with food. In the case of acute pain, it is recommended that tablets be taken at least 30 minutes before meals. Dexketoprofen is not recommended for children.
Side effectsView
As with all medicines, Dexketoprofen 25 mg tablets may cause some unwanted effects in some patients. These are described below and are characteristic of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs:
- Common (1-10%): nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain or heartburn.
- Uncommon (0.1-1%): sleep disorders, nervousness, headache, dizziness, vertigo, palpitations, constipation, dry mouth, flatulence, skin rash, fatigue, hot flushes, shivering, general malaise.
- Rare (0.01 0.1%): stomach ulceration, gastric haemorrhage or perforation; pins and needles, high blood pressure, water retention, slowed breathing rate, hepatic enzymes increased, increased sweating.
- Very rare/isolated cases (<0.01%): blurred vision, ringing in the ear, low blood pressure, haematological reactions, hepatic or renal damage, dermatological and photosensitivity reactions, bronchospasm or anaphylaxis.
- In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease, antiinflammatory medicines may rarely cause isolated cases of fever, headache and rigidity of the nape (back of the neck).
ContraindicationsView
Dexketoprofen tablets are not recommended to use in patients who are allergic to this product or aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines; who have suffered attacks of asthma, bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, urticaria, angioedema (swollen face, eyes, lips, or tongue, or difficulty in breathing) after taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines; who have or previously suffered from a peptic ulcer or chronic gastro-intestinal disorders; who had previously gastro-intestinal haemorrhage (bleeding); who have suffered bronchial asthma; who have severe heart failure, moderate to severe renal dysfunction or severely impaired hepatic function; who have a bleeding disorder, a blood clotting disorder or are taking an anticoagulant; and who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
PrecautionsView
Precaution should be exercised during using Dexketoprofen tablets in patient who are allergic to any other NSAIDs; who have kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease or fluid retention conditions; and who have blood disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease.
InteractionsView
Any of the following drugs cannot be used at the same time while taking Dexketoprofen. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulant medicines; lithium; methotrexate; hydantoins (a type of medicine used for epilepsy) or some antibiotics of sulphonamide type (e.g. sulfamethoxazole); medications used to treat high blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, diuretics and beta-blockers); pentoxifylline; zidovudine; cyclosporine or tacrolimus; some oral medicines for diabetes (sulphonylureas); thrombolytic medicines; probenecid; cardiac glycosides; mifepristone; and quinolone antibiotics.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Dexketoprofen tablets during pregnancy or breast-feeding is not recommended.
Pediatric usageView
Should not be given to children.
StorageView
Store at a cool & dry place protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Kitorex
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Kitorex
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Klabex
Clarithromycin
Klabex
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Klabid
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klabid ER
Clarithromycin
Klabid ER
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klabid-DS
Clarithromycin
Klabid-DS
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klaricid
Clarithromycin
Klaricid
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.
Klarix
Clarithromycin
Klarix
Clarithromycin
Indications
Tonsillitis
Indication detailsView
Clarithromycin is indicated in-
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Atypical pneumonia
- Skin and soft tissue infection
- Adjunct in the treatment of duodenal ulcers by eradication of H.pylori.
Therapeutic classView
Macrolides
PharmacologyView
Clarithromycin acts by inhibiting microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms mainly by binding to the donor site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing translocation to that site. Clarithromycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Chlamydia, some Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Clarithromycin's activity is the same as, or greater than, that of Erythromycin in vitro against most Gram-positive bacteria. Clarithromycin is more acid-stable than Erythromycin and therefore, is better tolerated. Clarithromycin has twice the activity of Erythromycin against H. influenzae. Most species of Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to Clarithromycin because of failure to penetrate the target.
DosageView
Adults:
- Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
- Chronic bronchitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Pneumonia 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Uncomplicated skin & skin structure infections 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
- Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections 250-500 mg every 12 hours for 5-14 days.
- Bodyweight under 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 8-11 kg (1-2 years): 2.5 ml (Half teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 12-19 kg (3-6 years): 5 ml (One teaspoonful) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 20-29 kg (7-9 years): 7.5 ml (One & half teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
- Bodyweight of 30-40 kg (10-12 years): 10 ml (Two teaspoonfuls) twice daily.
AdministrationView
Clarithromycin may be given with or without meals.
Side effectsView
Clarithromycin is generally well tolerated. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Stomatitis and glossitis have also been reported. Other side effects include headache, allergic reactions ranging from urticaria and mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Taste perversion may occur. There have been reports of transient central nervous system side effects including anxiety, dizziness, insomnia and hallucination.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics. Patients receiving Terfenadine who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances.
PrecautionsView
Clarithromycin is principally excreted by the liver and kidney. Caution should be taken in administering this antibiotic to patients with impaired hepatic and renal function. Prolonged or repeated use of Clarithromycin may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi. If superinfection occurs, Clarithromycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
InteractionsView
Theophylline: Concomitant use of Clarithromycin who are receiving Theophylline may be associated with an increase in serum Theophylline concentrations. Terfenadine: Clarithromycin may alter the metabolism of Terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The drug may be used in neonates and children in appropriate doses. Breast milk from mothers receiving Clarithromycin should not be given to infants until treatment is completed. There is as yet little experience in the treatment of pregnant patients and Clarithromycin is not recommended.
Overdose effectsView
Reports indicate that the ingestion of large amounts of clarithromycin can be expected to produce gastro-intestinal symptoms. One patient who had a history of bipolar disorder ingested 8 grams of clarithromycin and showed altered mental status, paranoid behaviour, hypokalemia and hypoxemia. Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum levels are not expected to be appreciably affected by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light & moisture. The reconstituted suspension must be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature and within 14 days when stored in a refrigerator. Keep out of reach of children.