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Keor
Cefixime Trihydrate
Keor
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keor DS
Cefixime Trihydrate
Keor DS
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keprad
Cephradine
Keprad
Cephradine
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
- Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
- Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
- Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
- Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
DosageView
For oral administration-
Adults:
For injectable administration-
Adults:
- Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
- Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
- Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
- Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
For injectable administration-
- Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
- Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
Side effectsView
Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
- Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
- Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
- Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
- Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
ContraindicationsView
Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
- Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
- Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
- Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
- Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
- This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
InteractionsView
The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
- CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
- 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
- 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
- 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
- 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
StorageView
Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician
Keprad
Cephradine
Keprad
Cephradine
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
- Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
- Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
- Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
- Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
DosageView
For oral administration-
Adults:
For injectable administration-
Adults:
- Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
- Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
- Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
- Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
For injectable administration-
- Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
- Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
Side effectsView
Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
- Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
- Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
- Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
- Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
ContraindicationsView
Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
- Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
- Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
- Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
- Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
- This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
InteractionsView
The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
- CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
- 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
- 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
- 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
- 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
StorageView
Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician
Keprofen
Ketoprofen (oral & injection)
Keprofen
Ketoprofen (oral & injection)
Indications
Rheumatic disorders
Indication detailsView
The indications of ketoprofen are based on its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Ketoprofen is indicated for symptomatic treatment of:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Degenerative joint diseases
- Musculoskeletal and joint disorders such as tendinitis, sprain
- Pain, regardless of the origin, such as dental pain, headache and primary dysmenorrhea.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic actions. In addition to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, it stabilizes lysosomal membranes in vitro and in vivo, inhibits leukotriene synthesis in vitro at high concentrations, and also exhibits antibradykinin activity in vivo. Ketoprofen produces analgesia by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins peripherally and centrally. It has also been suggested that Ketoprofen causes the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS (probably in the hypothalamus) leading to its antipyretic effect.
Ketoprofen is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract. It is approximately 99% bound to plasma protein, mainly albumin. Following single or multiple oral doses in healthy adults, the elimination half-life of the drug has averaged 1.1-4 hours. It is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver, principally via conjugation with glucoronic acid. Following a single oral dose of Ketoprofen in healthy adults, about 50-90% of the drug is excreted in urine and about 1-8% in faeces within 1-5 days ; most urinary excretion occurs within 12-24 hours and most faecal excretion occurs within 24-48 hours. In case of IM injection, peak concentration of approximately 10 mg/L is reached at about 0.5-0.75 hour after a 100 mg dose. The elimination half-life is approximately 1.88 hour.
Ketoprofen is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract. It is approximately 99% bound to plasma protein, mainly albumin. Following single or multiple oral doses in healthy adults, the elimination half-life of the drug has averaged 1.1-4 hours. It is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver, principally via conjugation with glucoronic acid. Following a single oral dose of Ketoprofen in healthy adults, about 50-90% of the drug is excreted in urine and about 1-8% in faeces within 1-5 days ; most urinary excretion occurs within 12-24 hours and most faecal excretion occurs within 24-48 hours. In case of IM injection, peak concentration of approximately 10 mg/L is reached at about 0.5-0.75 hour after a 100 mg dose. The elimination half-life is approximately 1.88 hour.
DosageView
Anti-inflammatory dosage: The recommended starting dose is 150 to 300 mg/day in 3 divided doses. Once the maintenance dosage has been established (usually 100 to 200 mg/day), the patient may be tried on a twice daily dose regimen. Alternatively, switching to the once daily form at the same dosage may be considered. The recommended maximum daily dose is 300 mg.
Management of pain and primary dysmenorrhea: The usual recommended dose is 25 to 50 mg, every 6 to 8 hours as necessary. The total daily dose should not exceed 300 mg.
Management of pain and primary dysmenorrhea: The usual recommended dose is 25 to 50 mg, every 6 to 8 hours as necessary. The total daily dose should not exceed 300 mg.
AdministrationView
The oral forms should be taken with fluids, preferably with food.
Side effectsView
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Rare: haemorrhagic anaemia; Unknown: agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow failure, hemolytic anemia, leucopenia
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: anaphylactic reactions (including shock) Psychiatric disorders; Unknown: depression, hallucinations, confusion, mood altered
- Nervous system disorders- Uncommon: headache, dizziness, somnolence, Rare: paraesthesia; Unknown: aseptic meningitis, convulsions, dysgeusia, vertigo
- Eye disorders- Rare: vision blurred
- Ear and labyrinth disorders- Rare: tinnitus
- Cardiac disorders- Unknown: exacerbation of heart failure, atrial fibrillation
- Vascular disorders- Unknown: hypertension, vasodilatation, vasculitis (including leukocytoclastic vasculitis)
- Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders- Rare: asthma; Unknown: bronchospasm (particularly in patients with known hypersensitivity to ASA and other NSAIDs)
- Gastrointestinal disorders- Common: dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting; Uncommon: constipation, diarrhoea, flatulence, gastritis; Rare: stomatitis, peptic ulcer; Unknown: exacerbation of colitis and Crohn’s disease, gastrointestinal haemorrhage and perforation, pancreatitis
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Rare: hepatitis, transaminases increased
- Skin and subcutaneous disorders- Uncommon: rash, pruritis; Unknown: photosensitivity reaction, alopecia, urticaria, angioedema, bullous eruption including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: renal failure acute, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephritic syndrome, renal function tests abnormal
- General disorders and administration site conditions- Uncommon: oedema Metabolism and nutritional disorders; Unknown: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia Investigations; Rare: weight increased.
ContraindicationsView
Ketoprofen is contraindicated in patients who have a history of hypersensitivity reactions such as asthmatic attacks or other allergic-type reactions to ketoprofen, ASA or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic reactions have been reported in such patients. Ketoprofen is also contraindicated in the following cases:
- Severe heart failure
- Active or history of peptic ulcer/hemorrhage
- History of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, related to previous NSAIDs therapy
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Severe renal insufficiency
- Third trimester of pregnancy
- Rectitis or history of proctorrhagia (rectal administration)
PrecautionsView
Oral Forms: NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) as their condition may be exacerbated. At the start of treatment, renal function must be carefully monitored in patients with heart failure, cirrhosis and nephrosis, in patients receiving diuretic therapy, in patients with chronic renal impairment, particularly if the patient is elderly. In these patients, administration of ketoprofen may induce a reduction in renal blood flow caused by prostaglandin inhibition and lead to renal decomposition.
Caution is required in patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.
Increased risk of atrial fibrillation has been reported in association with the use of NSAIDs.Hyperkalemia may occur, especially in patients with underlying diabetes, renal failure, and/or concomitant treatment with hyperkalemia promoting agents. Potassium levels must be monitored under these circumstances.
As with other NSAIDs, in the presence of an infectious disease, it should be noted that the antiinflammatory, analgesic and the antipyretic properties of ketoprofen may mask the usual signs of infection progression such as fever.
In patients with abnormal liver function tests or with a history of liver disease, transaminase levels should be evaluated periodically, particularly during long-term therapy. Rare cases of jaundice and hepatitis have been described with ketoprofen.
If visual disturbances such a blurred vision occur, treatment should be discontinued. The use of NSAIDs may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of the NSAID should be considered.
Caution is required in patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.
Increased risk of atrial fibrillation has been reported in association with the use of NSAIDs.Hyperkalemia may occur, especially in patients with underlying diabetes, renal failure, and/or concomitant treatment with hyperkalemia promoting agents. Potassium levels must be monitored under these circumstances.
As with other NSAIDs, in the presence of an infectious disease, it should be noted that the antiinflammatory, analgesic and the antipyretic properties of ketoprofen may mask the usual signs of infection progression such as fever.
In patients with abnormal liver function tests or with a history of liver disease, transaminase levels should be evaluated periodically, particularly during long-term therapy. Rare cases of jaundice and hepatitis have been described with ketoprofen.
If visual disturbances such a blurred vision occur, treatment should be discontinued. The use of NSAIDs may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of the NSAID should be considered.
InteractionsView
Not recommended drug associations Other NSAIDs (including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors) and high dose salicylates: Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Anticoagulants Increased risk of bleeding.
- Heparin
- Vitamin K antagonists (such as warfarin)
- Platelet aggregation inhibitors (such as ticlopidine, clopidogrel)
- Thrombin inhibitors (such as dabigatran)
- Direct factor Xa inhibitors (such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban)
- Lithium: Risk of elevation of lithium plasma levels, sometimes reaching toxic levels due to decreased lithium renal excretion. Where necessary, plasma lithium levels should be closely monitored and the lithium dosage levels adjusted during and after NSAID therapy.
- Methotrexate at doses greater than 15mg/week: Increased risk of haematologic toxicity of methotrexate, particularly if administered at high doses (>15 mg/week), possibly related to displacement of protein-bound methotrexate and to its decreased renal clearance.
- Drug associations requiring precautions for use Medicinal products and therapeutic categories that can promote hyperkalemia (i.e. potassium salts, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists, NSAIDs, heparins (low molecular-weight or unfractioned), cyclosporin, tacrolimus and trimethoprim): The risk of hyperkalemia can be enhanced when the drugs mentioned above are administered concomitantly.
- Corticosteroids: increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding.
- Diuretics: Patients and particularly dehydrated patients taking diuretics are at a greater risk of developing renal failure secondary to a decrease in renal blood flow caused by prostaglandin inhibition. Such patients should be rehydrated before initiating co-administration therapy and renal function monitored when the treatment is started.
- ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: In patients with compromised renal function (e.g. dehydrated patients or elderly patients the co-administration of an ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin II antagonist and agents that inhibit cyclooxygenase may result in further deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure.
- Nicorandil: In patients concomitantly receiving nicorandil and NSAIDs, there is an increased risk for severe complications such as gastrointestinal ulceration, perforation and hemorrhage.
- Cardiac glycosides: A pharmacokinetic interaction between ketoprofen and digoxin has not been demonstrated. However, caution is advised, in particular in patients with renal impairment, since NSAIDs may reduce renal function and decrease renal clearance of cardiac glycosides.
- Cyclosporin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
- Tacrolimus: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
- Methotrexate at doses lower than 15mg/week: During the first weeks of combination treatment, full blood count should be monitored weekly. If there is any alteration of the renal function or if the patient is elderly, monitoring should be done more frequently.
- Pentoxifylline: There is an increased risk of bleeding. More frequent clinical monitoring and monitoring of bleeding time is required.
- Tenofovir: Concomitant administration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and NSAIDs may increase the risk of renal failure.
- Drug associations to be taken into account Antihypertensive agents (beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics): Risk of decreased antihypertensive potency (inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandins by NSAIDs).
- Thrombolytics: Increased risk of bleeding. Probenecid: Concomitant administration of probenecid may markedly reduce the plasma clearance of ketoprofen.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Pregnancy & lactationView
During the first and second trimester: As the safety of ketoprofen in pregnant women has not been evaluated, the use of Ketoprofen during the first and second trimester of pregnancy should be avoided. During the third trimester of pregnancy: Prodenid is contraindicated during the last trimester of pregnancy. Ketoprofen is not recommended in nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Elderly: It is advisable to reduce the initial dosage and maintain such patients on the minimal effective dose.
Hepatic impairment: These patients should be carefully monitored and kept at the minimal effective daily dosage.
Renal impairment: It is advisable to reduce the initial dosage and maintain such patients on the minimal effective dose.
Hepatic impairment: These patients should be carefully monitored and kept at the minimal effective daily dosage.
Renal impairment: It is advisable to reduce the initial dosage and maintain such patients on the minimal effective dose.
Overdose effectsView
Cases of overdose have been reported with doses up to 2.5 g of ketoprofen. In most instances, the symptoms observed have been benign and limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. There are no specific antidotes to ketoprofen overdosages. In cases of suspected massive overdosages, a gastric lavage is recommended and symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted to compensate for dehydration, to monitor urinary excretion and to correct acidosis, if present. If renal failure is present, hemodialysis may be useful to remove circulating drug.
StorageView
Protect from light. Store below 30°C. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.
Kepronol
Ketorolac Tromethamine (Ophthalmic)
Kepronol
Ketorolac Tromethamine (Ophthalmic)
Indications
Postoperative eye inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and for pain and inflammation in ocular surgery. It is also indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction.
Therapeutic classView
Non opioid analgesics, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) chemically related to indomethacin and tolmetin. Ketorolac tromethamine is a racemic mixture of [-]S- and [+]R-enantiomeric forms, with the S-form having analgesic activity. Its antiinflammatory effects are believed to be due to inhibition of both cylooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which leads to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis leading to decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. The resultant reduction in prostaglandin synthesis and activity may be at least partially responsible for many of the adverse, as well as the therapeutic, effects of these medications. Analgesia is probably produced via a peripheral action in which blockade of pain impulse generation results from decreased prostaglandin activity. However, inhibition of the synthesis or actions of other substances that sensitize pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation may also contribute to the analgesic effect. In terms of the ophthalmic applications of ketorolac - ocular administration of ketorolac reduces prostaglandin E2 levels in aqueous humor, secondary to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
DosageView
For the treatment of relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, one drop (0.25 mg) four times a day. For the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction, one drop should be applied to the affected eye(s) four times daily beginning 24 hours after cataract surgery and continuing through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. It has been safely administered in conjunction with other ophthalmic medications such as antibiotics, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cycloplegics, and mydriatics.
Side effectsView
Transient stinging and burning on instillation, allergic reactions, corneal edema, iritis, ocular inflammation, ocular irritation, superficial keratitis and superficial ocular infections. Corneal infiltrates, corneal ulcer, eye dryness, headaches, and visual disturbance (blurry vision)
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formulation.
PrecautionsView
All topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may slow or delay healing. Topical corticosteroids are also known to slow or delay healing. Concomitant use of topical NSAIDS and topical steroids may increase the potential for healing problems. Use of topical NSAIDs may result in keratitis. In some susceptible patients, continued use of topical NSAIDs may result in epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, corneal erosion, corneal ulceration or corneal perforation. These events may be sight threatening. Patients with evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown should immediately discontinue use of topical NSAIDs and should be closely monitored for corneal health.
There is the potential for cross-sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid derivatives, and other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents. Therefore, caution should be used when treating individuals who have previously exhibited sensitivities to these drugs. With some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, there exists the potential for increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation. There have been reports that ocularly applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause increased bleeding of ocular tissues in conjunction with ocular surgery.
There is the potential for cross-sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid derivatives, and other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents. Therefore, caution should be used when treating individuals who have previously exhibited sensitivities to these drugs. With some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, there exists the potential for increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation. There have been reports that ocularly applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause increased bleeding of ocular tissues in conjunction with ocular surgery.
InteractionsView
No information available.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C: There is no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. The drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. The use of drug during late pregnancy should be avoided.
Nursing Mothers: Caution should be exercised when ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman.
Nursing Mothers: Caution should be exercised when ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use: Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 3 have not been established.
Geriatric Use: No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.
Geriatric Use: No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, away from light Keep out of reach of children.
Kepros
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Kepros
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Kepros
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Kepros
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Gonorrhea
- Bacterial Septicemia
- Bone and joint infections
- Meningitis
- Prevention of postoperative infections
- Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
DosageView
Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
- Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
- Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
- Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
AdministrationView
Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
- For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
- For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
Side effectsView
Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
Pediatric usageView
Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
Overdose effectsView
There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
StorageView
Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Gonorrhea
- Bacterial Septicemia
- Bone and joint infections
- Meningitis
- Prevention of postoperative infections
- Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
DosageView
Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
- Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
- Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
- Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
AdministrationView
Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
- For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
- For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
Side effectsView
Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
Pediatric usageView
Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
Overdose effectsView
There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
StorageView
Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Gonorrhea
- Bacterial Septicemia
- Bone and joint infections
- Meningitis
- Prevention of postoperative infections
- Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
DosageView
Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
- Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
- Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
- Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
AdministrationView
Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
- For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
- For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
Side effectsView
Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
Pediatric usageView
Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
Overdose effectsView
There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
StorageView
Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Keptrix
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Gonorrhea
- Bacterial Septicemia
- Bone and joint infections
- Meningitis
- Prevention of postoperative infections
- Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).
DosageView
Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
- Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
- Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
- Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
- Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
AdministrationView
Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:
- For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
- For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.
Side effectsView
Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.
Pediatric usageView
Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).
Overdose effectsView
There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.
StorageView
Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Keranil
Salicylic Acid
Keranil
Salicylic Acid
Indications
Warts
Indication detailsView
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Mild to moderate acne
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness & swelling of face
- Pimples
- To prevent future acne breakouts
Therapeutic classView
Topical salicylic preparation
PharmacologyView
Salicylic Acid has a potent keratolytic & a slight antiseptic action when applied topically to the skin. In low concentrations, the drug has keratoplastic activity (correction of abnormal keratinization) & in higher concentrations, the drug has keratolytic activity (causes peeling of skin). Salicylic Acid softens & destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration (water concentration), probably because of decreased pH, which causes the cornified epithelium (horny layer of the skin) to swell, soften, & then desquamate. Necrosis of normal skin has been associated with overuse of the drug. At high concentrations, Salicylic Acid has a caustic effect. Moisture is essential for Salicylic Acid to exert its action on the skin and for maceration and desquamation of epidermal tissue to occur. The drug has weak antifungal & antibacterial activity.
DosageView
6% & 12% Salicylic Acid: Apply to affected area once daily. Hydrate area for 5 minutes prior to application if possible. Occlude the area at night. Wash off in morning. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Side effectsView
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
ContraindicationsView
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
PrecautionsView
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
InteractionsView
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Overdose effectsView
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If the medication has been ingested or an overdose is suspected, the patient needs to be hospitalized immediately.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Keranil
Salicylic Acid
Keranil
Salicylic Acid
Indications
Warts
Indication detailsView
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Mild to moderate acne
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness & swelling of face
- Pimples
- To prevent future acne breakouts
Therapeutic classView
Topical salicylic preparation
PharmacologyView
Salicylic Acid has a potent keratolytic & a slight antiseptic action when applied topically to the skin. In low concentrations, the drug has keratoplastic activity (correction of abnormal keratinization) & in higher concentrations, the drug has keratolytic activity (causes peeling of skin). Salicylic Acid softens & destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration (water concentration), probably because of decreased pH, which causes the cornified epithelium (horny layer of the skin) to swell, soften, & then desquamate. Necrosis of normal skin has been associated with overuse of the drug. At high concentrations, Salicylic Acid has a caustic effect. Moisture is essential for Salicylic Acid to exert its action on the skin and for maceration and desquamation of epidermal tissue to occur. The drug has weak antifungal & antibacterial activity.
DosageView
6% & 12% Salicylic Acid: Apply to affected area once daily. Hydrate area for 5 minutes prior to application if possible. Occlude the area at night. Wash off in morning. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Side effectsView
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
ContraindicationsView
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
PrecautionsView
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
InteractionsView
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Overdose effectsView
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If the medication has been ingested or an overdose is suspected, the patient needs to be hospitalized immediately.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Kerasol
Salicylic Acid
Kerasol
Salicylic Acid
Indications
Warts
Indication detailsView
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Mild to moderate acne
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness & swelling of face
- Pimples
- To prevent future acne breakouts
Therapeutic classView
Topical salicylic preparation
PharmacologyView
Salicylic Acid has a potent keratolytic & a slight antiseptic action when applied topically to the skin. In low concentrations, the drug has keratoplastic activity (correction of abnormal keratinization) & in higher concentrations, the drug has keratolytic activity (causes peeling of skin). Salicylic Acid softens & destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration (water concentration), probably because of decreased pH, which causes the cornified epithelium (horny layer of the skin) to swell, soften, & then desquamate. Necrosis of normal skin has been associated with overuse of the drug. At high concentrations, Salicylic Acid has a caustic effect. Moisture is essential for Salicylic Acid to exert its action on the skin and for maceration and desquamation of epidermal tissue to occur. The drug has weak antifungal & antibacterial activity.
DosageView
6% & 12% Salicylic Acid: Apply to affected area once daily. Hydrate area for 5 minutes prior to application if possible. Occlude the area at night. Wash off in morning. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Side effectsView
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
ContraindicationsView
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
PrecautionsView
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
InteractionsView
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Overdose effectsView
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If the medication has been ingested or an overdose is suspected, the patient needs to be hospitalized immediately.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Kerasol
Salicylic Acid
Kerasol
Salicylic Acid
Indications
Warts
Indication detailsView
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Mild to moderate acne
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness & swelling of face
- Pimples
- To prevent future acne breakouts
Therapeutic classView
Topical salicylic preparation
PharmacologyView
Salicylic Acid has a potent keratolytic & a slight antiseptic action when applied topically to the skin. In low concentrations, the drug has keratoplastic activity (correction of abnormal keratinization) & in higher concentrations, the drug has keratolytic activity (causes peeling of skin). Salicylic Acid softens & destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration (water concentration), probably because of decreased pH, which causes the cornified epithelium (horny layer of the skin) to swell, soften, & then desquamate. Necrosis of normal skin has been associated with overuse of the drug. At high concentrations, Salicylic Acid has a caustic effect. Moisture is essential for Salicylic Acid to exert its action on the skin and for maceration and desquamation of epidermal tissue to occur. The drug has weak antifungal & antibacterial activity.
DosageView
6% & 12% Salicylic Acid: Apply to affected area once daily. Hydrate area for 5 minutes prior to application if possible. Occlude the area at night. Wash off in morning. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Side effectsView
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
ContraindicationsView
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
PrecautionsView
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
InteractionsView
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Overdose effectsView
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If the medication has been ingested or an overdose is suspected, the patient needs to be hospitalized immediately.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Kerasol FCL
Salicylic Acid
Kerasol FCL
Salicylic Acid
Indications
Warts
Indication detailsView
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
2% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparation is indicated in-
- Mild to moderate acne
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness & swelling of face
- Pimples
- To prevent future acne breakouts
Therapeutic classView
Topical salicylic preparation
PharmacologyView
Salicylic Acid has a potent keratolytic & a slight antiseptic action when applied topically to the skin. In low concentrations, the drug has keratoplastic activity (correction of abnormal keratinization) & in higher concentrations, the drug has keratolytic activity (causes peeling of skin). Salicylic Acid softens & destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration (water concentration), probably because of decreased pH, which causes the cornified epithelium (horny layer of the skin) to swell, soften, & then desquamate. Necrosis of normal skin has been associated with overuse of the drug. At high concentrations, Salicylic Acid has a caustic effect. Moisture is essential for Salicylic Acid to exert its action on the skin and for maceration and desquamation of epidermal tissue to occur. The drug has weak antifungal & antibacterial activity.
DosageView
6% & 12% Salicylic Acid: Apply to affected area once daily. Hydrate area for 5 minutes prior to application if possible. Occlude the area at night. Wash off in morning. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
2% Salicylic Acid: Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area once daily in 1st week then 2 to 3 times daily from 2nd week and rub gently. After 3-5 minutes rinse face with cool water. Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Side effectsView
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
ContraindicationsView
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
PrecautionsView
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
InteractionsView
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Overdose effectsView
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If the medication has been ingested or an overdose is suspected, the patient needs to be hospitalized immediately.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Kerol
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Kerol
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Kerolac
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Kerolac
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Ket
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Ket
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Indications
Soft tissue inflammation
Indication detailsView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-Opioid Analgesics
PharmacologyView
Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system and hence inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. It demonstrates a minimal anti-inflammatory effect at its analgesic dose.
DosageView
Tablet-
Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.Injection-
Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
- Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.
- IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
- IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.
- Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
- Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Side effectsView
Commonly occurring side effects are nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal bleeding, melana, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, excessive thirst, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitation, chest pain, infertility in female and pulmonary edema.
ContraindicationsView
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be used in children under 16 years of age. lt is also contraindicated as prophylactic analgesic before surgery.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised in patients over the age of 65 years. Caution should also be taken in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding or asthma and liver dysfunction.
InteractionsView
Other NSAIDs or aspirin: Increase the side effects of ketorolac Tromethamine.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Anti-coagulants: Enhance anti-coagulant effect.
Beta Blocker: Reduce the anti-hypertensive effect .
ACE Inhibitors: Increase the risk of renal impairment.
Methotrexate: Enhance the toxicity of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA Pregnancy category of Ketorolac Tromethamine is C. So, Ketorolac Tromethamine should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.