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Infanil

Cefuroxime Axetil

Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Therapeutic classView

Second generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.

DosageView

Tablet or Suspension-

Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days

Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

Parenteral-

Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).

In Meningitis:

Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.

In bone and joint infections:

Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.

AdministrationView

The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5^o C

Side effectsView

Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.

ContraindicationsView

Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.

PrecautionsView

Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.

InteractionsView

No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.

ReconstitutionView

For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

StorageView

Store in a cool, dry place (below 30^o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infanil

Cefuroxime Axetil

Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Therapeutic classView

Second generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.

DosageView

Tablet or Suspension-

Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days

Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

Parenteral-

Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).

In Meningitis:

Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.

In bone and joint infections:

Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.

AdministrationView

The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5^o C

Side effectsView

Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.

ContraindicationsView

Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.

PrecautionsView

Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.

InteractionsView

No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.

ReconstitutionView

For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

StorageView

Store in a cool, dry place (below 30^o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infanil

Cefuroxime Axetil

Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Therapeutic classView

Second generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.

DosageView

Tablet or Suspension-

Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days

Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

Parenteral-

Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).

In Meningitis:

Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.

In bone and joint infections:

Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.

AdministrationView

The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5^o C

Side effectsView

Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.

ContraindicationsView

Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.

PrecautionsView

Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.

InteractionsView

No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.

ReconstitutionView

For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

StorageView

Store in a cool, dry place (below 30^o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infecef

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infecef

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infecef

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IV Injection 2 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infecef

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 250 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Inflacin

Indomethacin (Oral)

Capsule 25 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Rheumatoid arthritis

Indication detailsView

Indomethacin is indicated in-

Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
Gout
Acute non-articular rheumatism (bursitis, synovitis, tendinitis).

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Indomethacin is NSAID having property of antipyretic and analgesic effect. A great number of pharmacological studies have proved that Indomethacin has strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Unlike the corticosteriods, the effect of Indomethacin is not related to the pituitary gland or the adrenals. Indomethacin is absorbed promptly following oral administration and peak plasma levels occur within 2 hours. Approximately two thirds of this amount is excreted in the urine and the remainder is excreted in the feces. About 90% of a single dose is excreted in 24-48 hours. In a number of controlled clinical trials, Indomethacin has proved to be of great value in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, It relieves pain, reduces joints swelling edema and improves joint mobility.

DosageView

75 mg sustained-release capsule:

Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease): The initial dose is 75 mg sustained-release capsule once daily. If severe then twice daily is required.
Acute attacks of gout: May control with a dose of 75 mg sustained-release capsule twice daily.
Acute non-articular rheumatism (bursitis, synovitis, tendinitis): 1-2 sustained-release capsule daily according to the severity of this case.

25 mg capsule:

Rheumatic diseases: 50-200 mg daily in divided doses
Acute gout: 150-200 mg daily in divided doses
Dysmenorrhea: up to 75 mg daily

Side effectsView

Headaches, usually in the morning and kild vertigo may occur during the early weeks of therapy. These symptoms are transient and usually disappear with continued use or by reduction of the dose. Rare case of mild psychic disturbances was also reported which subsided after few days of treatment, Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, epigastric and abdominal pain are often due to large doses of the drug and disappear when the dose is reduced. Administration of the capsule immediately after meals with an antacid it necessary, minimize the frequency and the severity of these untoward effects.

ContraindicationsView

Indomethacin is contraindicated in patients with ulcer, gastritis, active ulcerative colitis, and it should be used with caution in patients with a history of these disorders. In these cases, administration of Indomethacin suppositories should be preferred. It is also contraindicated in the previously hypersensitive patients.

PrecautionsView

Indomethacin capsule should be used with caution with psychiatric problems, epilepsy or parkinsonism since the drug may aggravate these conditions. It is not recommended for pregnant women, because at the present time clinical studies are insufficient. Indomethacin is not given nomally in neonates except when used to assist closure of a patent ductus arteriosus.

InteractionsView

It may interact with anticoagulants, Lithium, diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, diflunisal and sulfonylureas.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place protected from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

Infladex

Dexamethasone (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Solution 0.10% Allopathic

Indication detailsView

Eye: Dexamethasone Phosphate is indicated for treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the eye such as: anterior uveitis, iritis, cyclitis, allergic and vernal conjunctivitis, herpes zoster keratitis, superficial punctate keratitis and non-specific superficial keratitis.

Also indicated for the treatment of corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns or following penetration by foreign bodies. Indicated for post operative use to reduce inflammatory reactions and suppress graft reaction.

Ear: Indicated in the steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus, such as allergic otitis externa, selected purulent and non-purulent infective otitis externa.

PharmacologyView

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid which decreases inflammation by inhibiting the migration of leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability. It suppresses normal immune response.

DosageView

Eye:

As 0.1% drop: The frequency of instillation of drops and the duration of treatment will vary depending upon the severity of the underlying condition and the response to treatment. Severe inflammations require one to two drops instilled into the eye every thirty to sixty minutes until a satisfactory response occurs. Subconjunctival or systemic steroid therapy should be considered if there is no response. When a favourable response has been observed reduce the dosage towards one drop every four hours.
As 0.05% ointment: Apply 0.5-1 inch ribbon of ointment into the conjunctival sac(s) up to 4 times daily. Reduce to once daily dosing once conditon has improved.

Ear: Instill two or three drops to the ear at two or three hour interval. The frequency of dosage and duration of the treatment may vary with the type of lesion and severity.

Side effectsView

Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from pathogens including herpes simplex, perforation of the globe. Rarely, stinging and burning may occur.

ContraindicationsView

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), acute infections stages of vaccinia, varicella, and many other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva, Mycobacterial infection of the eye, Fungal diseases of ocular or auricular structures, perforation of a drum membrane. Hypersensitivity to any ingredient of this product.

PrecautionsView

The possibility of persistent fungal infections of the cornea should be considered after prolonged corticosteroid dosing. There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple dose containers of topical ophthalmic products. These containers had been inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface.

InteractionsView

None relevant to topical use.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category C. There is no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric Use: Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 18 have not been established.

Overdose effectsView

Long-term intensive topical use may lead to systemic effects. Oral ingestion of the contents of the bottle (up to 10 ml) is unlikely to lead to any serious adverse effects.

StorageView

Store below 30° C in a cool and dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to surfaces since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of first opening.

Infladex-TN

Dexamethasone + Tobramycin

Ophthalmic Solution 0.1%+0.3% Allopathic Ophthalmic steroid - antibiotic combined preparations

Indications

Pink eye

Indication detailsView

This sterile Eye Suspension is indicated for steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists.

Therapeutic classView

Ophthalmic steroid - antibiotic combined preparations

PharmacologyView

Like other amino-glycosides, the bactericidal activity of Tobramycin is accomplished by specific inhibition of normal protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, but at the present time, very little is known about this action. It is thought that inhibition of protein synthesis is due to an action on ribosome that causes bacterial misreading of messenger RNA. The action of Dexamethasone is to inhibit the phospholipase A2, the first step in prostaglandin synthesis. Also Dexamethasone inhibits the chemo-tactic infiltration of neutrophils into the site of inflammation. The result is that its anti-inflammatory activity is 25 times greater and its overall therapeutic effectiveness 8-10 times greater than that of hydrocortisone.

DosageView

Insert 1 drop into the conjunctival sac 3-5 times per day. During the initial 24 to 48 hours, the dosage may be increased to 1 drop every 2 hours.

Side effectsView

The most frequent side effects to topical ocular Tobramycin are localized ocular toxicity and hypersensitivity, including lid itching and swelling and conjuntival erythema. The reactions due to the steroid component are elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible development of glaucoma and infrequent optic nerve damage, posterior subcapsule cataract formation.

ContraindicationsView

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, varicella and other viral disease of the cornea and conjunctiva. Mycobacterial infections of the eye caused by, but not limited to, acid-fast bacilli such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, or Mycobacterium avium. Fungal diseases of ocular structures. Untreated purulent infection of the eye. Hypersensitivity to any component of the medication.

PrecautionsView

Shake the bottle well before use. To prevent contamination do not touch the tip of the bottle to affected eye, eyelid or any surface of of the affected eye. Keep the bottle tightly closed after use.

InteractionsView

No specific interaction studies were performed with this combination eye drops. In case of concomitant therapy with other topical ophthalmic medicines, an interval of 10 minutes should be allowed between successive applications.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Safety for use during pregnancy and lactation in humans has not been established

Pediatric usageView

Use in paediatric: Safety and effectiveness in paediatric patients below 2 years have not been established.

Overdose effectsView

Overdose of this eye drops may be flushed from the eye(s) with lukewarm tap water.

StorageView

Store at room temperature. Close the bottle immediately after use. Do not use for longer than one month after opening the bottle.

Inflagen

Fluorometholone + Gentamicin

Ophthalmic Suspension 0.1%+0.3% Allopathic Ophthalmic steroid - antibiotic combined preparations

Indications

Ocular inflammation

Indication detailsView

Inflammation associated with infections in the anterior segment of the eye due to bacteria susceptible to Gentamicin it is also indicated in postoperative infection.

Therapeutic classView

Ophthalmic steroid - antibiotic combined preparations

PharmacologyView

Gentamicin belongs to the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It covers a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae H. aegypticus, Klebsiella, Enterobacteria, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella. It inhibits specifically bacterial protein synthesis. Fluorometholone is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid possessing anti-inflammatory properties. The combination brings concomitantly the bacterial treatment or prophylaxis and the anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the presence of gentamicin protects from a risk of potential aggravation of a bacterial infection due to the steroid.

DosageView

Sterile Ophthalmic Suspension:

Bacterial infection: The dosage depends on the severity of the disease. The application of 1 drop 5 times daily into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye is recommended. In severe cases the dosage can be increased up to 1 drop per hour for 1 to 2 days.
Ocular postoperative infection: 1 drop 4 times daily into the conjunctival sac for 1 week. Then a reduced application frequency is recommended for the remaining part of the treatment.

Sterile Eye Ointment:

Bacterial infection: Apply 3-4 times daily into the affected eye.
Ocular postoperative infection: To support the therapy with Ophthalmic Suspension during the night apply ointment before retiring.

Side effectsView

A transient burning sensation may occur after instillation. Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions including eczema of the eyelid and puncture keratitis. Prolonged use of topical steroids may delay wound healing, increase of IOP, develop cataract and cause thinning of cornea & sclera.

ContraindicationsView

Hypersensitivity to any of the components. Injuries and ulceration of the cornea. Viral infections (e.g. Herpes simplex, Vaccinia) or mycosis.
Eye tuberculosis.
Glaucoma.

PrecautionsView

Steroids can mask, activate or aggravate ocular infections.
Long-term treatment with steroid may enhance thinning of cornea and sclera and rarely perforation of the cornea has been reported.
In case no improvement is observed after 7-8 days of treatment, other therapeutical means should be considered.
Patients experiencing blurred vision after application of the product, particularly the ointment, should refrain from driving vehicles or operating machinery.
Contact lenses should be removed before each application.

Pregnancy & lactationView

No controlled studies in humans are available. Administration during pregnancy and lactation is therefore not recommended, except for compelling reasons.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light. Do not use longer than 30 days after first opening. Keep out of reach of children.

Inflagic

Prednisolone

Tablet 20 mg Allopathic Glucocorticoids

Indications

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Indication detailsView

Rheumatic Disorders: Psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute gouty arthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Endocrine Disorders: Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, hypercalcemia associated with cancer.

Dermatologic Diseases: Pemphigus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, severe erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, severe psoriasis.

Allergic States: Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, serum sickness, drug hypersensitivity reactions.

Respiratory Diseases: Symptomatic sarcoidosis, berylliosis, fulminating, aspiration pneumonitis.

Hematologic Disorders: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, secondary thrombocytopenia, acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia, erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia).

Edematous States: To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus.

Gastrointestinal Diseases: Ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis.

Therapeutic classView

Glucocorticoids

PharmacologyView

Prednisolone is a synthetic adrenocortical drug with predominantly glucocorticoid properties. Prednisolone directly inhibits the action of the Phospholipase A2 enzyme which is responsible for the production of different inflammatory mediators like Leukotrienes, SRS-A, Prostaglandins etc. Prednisolone is rapidly and well absorbed from the Gl tract following oral administration. Prednisolone is 70- 90% protein-bound in the plasma and it is eliminated from the plasma with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours. It is metabolized mainly in the liver and excreted in the urine.

DosageView

Adult-
Nephrotic Syndrome:

Initial: 2 mg/kg/day (maximum 80 mg/day) in divided doses 3 to 4 times/day until urine is protein free for 3 consecutive days (maximum: 28 days); followed by 1 to 1.5 mg/kg/dose given every other day for 4 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/ dose given every other day for 3 to 6 months.

Anti-inflammatory: 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses 1 to 4 times/day.

Acute Asthma: 40-60 mg/day PO in single daily dose or divided q12 hr for 3-10 days.

Allergic Conditions:

Day 1: 10 mg PO before breakfast, 5 mg after lunch and after dinner, and 10 mg at bedtime.
Day 2: 5 mg PO before breakfast, after lunch, and after dinner and 10 mg at bedtime.
Day 3: 5 mg PO before breakfast, after lunch, after dinner, and at bedtime.
Day 4: 5 mg PO before breakfast, after lunch, and at bedtime.
Day 5: 5 mg PO before breakfast and at bedtime.
Day 6: 5 mg PO before breakfast.

Pediatric-
Asthma:

1 year: Acute: 10 mg orally every 12 hours. Maintenance: 10 mg orally every other day.
1 to 4 years: Acute: 20 mg orally every 12 hours. Maintenance: 20 mg orally every other day.
5 to 12 years: Acute: 30 mg orally every 12 hours. Maintenance: 30 mg orally every other day.
12 years: Acute: 40 mg orally every 12 hours. Maintenance: 40 mg orally every other day.

Anti-inflammatory: 0.05 to 2 mg/kg/day divided 1 to 4 times/day.

Immunosuppression: 0.05 to 2 mg/kg/day divided 1 to 4 times/day.

Side effectsView

Common side effects include increased appetite, indigestion, nervousness or restlessness. Less frequent or rare side effects are darkening or lightening of skin color, dizziness or lightheadedness, flushing of face or cheeks, hiccups, increased sweating, the sensation of spinning.

ContraindicationsView

Systemic infections unless specific anti-infective therapy is employed. Hypersensitivity to any ingredient. Ocular herpes simplex because of possible perforation.

PrecautionsView

Precaution has to be taken in diabetes, hypertension, Psychological disturbances, osteoporosis, post-menopausal women, pregnancy and in chronic nephritis. Long-term use of Prednisolone can cause Cushing's habitus, hyperglycemia, muscular weakness, increased susceptibility to infection, delayed wound healing, and psychiatric disturbances.

InteractionsView

The efficacy of prednisolone is reduced by Aminoglutethimide, Antacids, Barbiturates, Carbamazepine, Griseofulvin, Mitotane, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Primidone and Rifampin. Prednisolone reduces the amount of potassium in the blood. Digitalis can cause Cardiac arrhythmias if hypokalemia occurs. Immunization should be done very carefully.

Pregnancy & lactationView

This medicine is not recommended for use during pregnancy unless considered essential by your doctor. It should only be used if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the foetus. Corticosteroids appear in breast milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production or cause other unwanted effects.

Overdose effectsView

Adverse effects related to prednisone normally develop only after prolonged use of doses in excess of the normal physiological requirement. Treatment is symptomatic and where possible the prednisone dose should be reduced gradually.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light. Keep out of the reach of the children.

Inflam

Ibuprofen

Tablet 200 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Yellow fever infection

Indication detailsView

Ibuprofen is indicated in the following indications-

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Gouty arthritis
Juvenile polyarthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Synovitis
Low back pain
Dysmenorrhoea
Fever
Migraine
Soft tissue injuries
Pain & Inflammation in dental and musculoskeletal origin.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Ibuprofen has a high level of anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic activity. The analgesic effects of Ibuprofen are due to both a peripheral and a central effect. Ibuprofen is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which thus results in a marked reduction in prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen also inhibits the synthesis of some lipo-oxygenase products. Ibuprofen thus quickly relieves pain and stiffness, reduces swelling, and improves the movement of different joints of arthritis sufferers.

DosageView

Adults: The dose is initially, 400 mg 3 times daily. A dose of 2400 mg daily should not be exceeded.

Children:

3-6 months (body-weight over 5 kg): ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
6 months-1 year: ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3-4 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
1-4 years: 1 tsp (5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
4-7 years: 1½ tsp (7.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
7-10 years: 2 tsp (10 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.
10-12 years: 3 tsp (15 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.

children weighing less than 5 kg: Not recommended for children weighing less than 5 kg.

In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: up to 30-40 mg/kg of body weight daily in 3-4 divided doses may be taken or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Upset stomach, vomiting, heartburn, nausea may occur.

ContraindicationsView

Ibuprofen is contraindicated in patients who have shown the previous hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen, and in patients with severe or active peptic ulceration.

PrecautionsView

Ibuprofen should be used with caution and the lowest effective doses should be given if there is a history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or ulcer. Patients on long-term therapy with Ibuprofen require ocular monitoring at regular intervals, as changes in ocular function have been reported. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are more likely than others to develop hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen should be prescribed with caution in patients with asthma and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Adverse effects of Ibuprofen on the developing fetus cannot be fully excluded. Ibuprofen should not be used during pregnancy and for nursing mothers unless the potential benefits to the mothers outweigh the potential risks.

StorageView

Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

Inflam

Ibuprofen

Oral Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Yellow fever infection

Indication detailsView

Ibuprofen is indicated in the following indications-

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Gouty arthritis
Juvenile polyarthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Synovitis
Low back pain
Dysmenorrhoea
Fever
Migraine
Soft tissue injuries
Pain & Inflammation in dental and musculoskeletal origin.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Ibuprofen has a high level of anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic activity. The analgesic effects of Ibuprofen are due to both a peripheral and a central effect. Ibuprofen is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which thus results in a marked reduction in prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen also inhibits the synthesis of some lipo-oxygenase products. Ibuprofen thus quickly relieves pain and stiffness, reduces swelling, and improves the movement of different joints of arthritis sufferers.

DosageView

Adults: The dose is initially, 400 mg 3 times daily. A dose of 2400 mg daily should not be exceeded.

Children:

3-6 months (body-weight over 5 kg): ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
6 months-1 year: ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3-4 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
1-4 years: 1 tsp (5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
4-7 years: 1½ tsp (7.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
7-10 years: 2 tsp (10 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.
10-12 years: 3 tsp (15 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.

children weighing less than 5 kg: Not recommended for children weighing less than 5 kg.

In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: up to 30-40 mg/kg of body weight daily in 3-4 divided doses may be taken or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Upset stomach, vomiting, heartburn, nausea may occur.

ContraindicationsView

Ibuprofen is contraindicated in patients who have shown the previous hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen, and in patients with severe or active peptic ulceration.

PrecautionsView

Ibuprofen should be used with caution and the lowest effective doses should be given if there is a history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or ulcer. Patients on long-term therapy with Ibuprofen require ocular monitoring at regular intervals, as changes in ocular function have been reported. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are more likely than others to develop hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen should be prescribed with caution in patients with asthma and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Adverse effects of Ibuprofen on the developing fetus cannot be fully excluded. Ibuprofen should not be used during pregnancy and for nursing mothers unless the potential benefits to the mothers outweigh the potential risks.

StorageView

Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

Inflam

Ibuprofen

Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Yellow fever infection

Indication detailsView

Ibuprofen is indicated in the following indications-

Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Gouty arthritis
Juvenile polyarthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Synovitis
Low back pain
Dysmenorrhoea
Fever
Migraine
Soft tissue injuries
Pain & Inflammation in dental and musculoskeletal origin.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Ibuprofen has a high level of anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic activity. The analgesic effects of Ibuprofen are due to both a peripheral and a central effect. Ibuprofen is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which thus results in a marked reduction in prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen also inhibits the synthesis of some lipo-oxygenase products. Ibuprofen thus quickly relieves pain and stiffness, reduces swelling, and improves the movement of different joints of arthritis sufferers.

DosageView

Adults: The dose is initially, 400 mg 3 times daily. A dose of 2400 mg daily should not be exceeded.

Children:

3-6 months (body-weight over 5 kg): ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
6 months-1 year: ½ tsp (2.5 ml) 3-4 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
1-4 years: 1 tsp (5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
4-7 years: 1½ tsp (7.5 ml) 3 times daily; max. 30 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
7-10 years: 2 tsp (10 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.
10-12 years: 3 tsp (15 ml) 3 times daily; upto 30 mg/kg (max. 2.4 gm) daily in 3-4 divided doses.

children weighing less than 5 kg: Not recommended for children weighing less than 5 kg.

In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: up to 30-40 mg/kg of body weight daily in 3-4 divided doses may be taken or as directed by the physician.

Side effectsView

Upset stomach, vomiting, heartburn, nausea may occur.

ContraindicationsView

Ibuprofen is contraindicated in patients who have shown the previous hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen, and in patients with severe or active peptic ulceration.

PrecautionsView

Ibuprofen should be used with caution and the lowest effective doses should be given if there is a history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or ulcer. Patients on long-term therapy with Ibuprofen require ocular monitoring at regular intervals, as changes in ocular function have been reported. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are more likely than others to develop hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen should be prescribed with caution in patients with asthma and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Adverse effects of Ibuprofen on the developing fetus cannot be fully excluded. Ibuprofen should not be used during pregnancy and for nursing mothers unless the potential benefits to the mothers outweigh the potential risks.

StorageView

Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

Inflam-D

Dexibuprofen

Tablet 200 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Rheumatic disorders

Indication detailsView

Dexibuprofen is indicated in-

The relief of sign and symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Indicated in rheumatoidal disorders such as osseous rheumatism, ankylosing spondilitis, juvenile arthritis, muscular rheumatism, degenerative joint diseases
Acute symptomatic treatment of painful menstruation (primary dysmenorrhoea)
Common headache and fever
Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as muscle pain, headache and dental pain
As an adjuvant with common cold and influenza associated with headache.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Dexibuprofen (S (+)-ibuprofen) is considered as the pharmacologically active enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen. Like racemic ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic action. Like ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics: Dexibuprofen is absorbed primarily from the small intestine. After metabolic transformation in the liver (hydroxylation, carboxylation) the pharmacologically inactive metabolites are completely excreted, mainly by the kidneys (90%), but also in the bile. The elimination half-life is 1.8-3.5 hours; the plasma protein binding is about 99%. Maximum plasma levels are reached about 2 hours after oral administration. The administration of dexibuprofen with a meal delays the time to reach maximum concentrations (from 2.1 hours after fasting conditions to 2.8 hours after non-fasting conditions) and decreases the maximum plasma concentrations (from 20.6 to 18.1 mcg/ml, which is of no clinical relevance), but has no effect on the extent of absorption.

DosageView

The dosage must be adjusted to the seriousness of the syndrome and the complaints of the patient. During chronic pain, the dosage must be adapted to the lowest effective dose.

The recommended dosage: 600-900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at 2-3 divided doses. The dosage can be raised temporarily up to 1200 mg Dexibuprofen per day in patients with acute disorders or exacerbations. The maximum daily dose is 1200 mg.

At dysmenorrhea: A dosage of 600 up to 900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at a divided dose.

Side effectsView

Clinical experience has shown that adverse effects of Dexibuprofen are similar to those of racemic ibuprofen. Common side-effects are dyspepsia, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity reactions - bleeding, ulcer.

ContraindicationsView

Dexibuprofen is contraindicated in patients with previous history of hypersensitivity to Dexibuprofen, or another NSAID, or any other component of the product. Patients, who experience attack of asthma, arouse bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, urticaria or edema after use of similar drugs (e.g. aspirin or other NSAID's). It is also contraindicated in patients with active or suspected hemorrhage, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, patients with serious heart diseases, kidney function impairment (GFR <30ml/min), and liver function impairment.

PrecautionsView

Dexibuprofen should be used with particular caution in patients with bronchial asthma or other chronic diseases of the pulmonary tract as well as in persons prone to allergy. The drug should be used in patients with hepatic, renal or cardiac insufficiency and with hypertension not responding to any treatment. Consultation with a doctor is recommended for patients with systemic lupus or with other autoimmunological disease before beginning therapy using the drug. Dexibuprofen should be used with extreme cautions in active and suspected hemorrhagic conditions such as gastro-duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, alcoholism. Allergic reactions to the drug may appear even for the first-time user and in such case, it should immediately be stopped.

InteractionsView

The reported drug interactions of Dexibuprofen are similar to that of racemic mixture of ibuprofen. Drug interactions is noticed with simultaneous use of anticoagulant, hydantoine and sulfonamide, ticlopidine, lithium, other NSAID's, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, corticosteroids, digoxin, methotrexate, pentoxyfiline, phenytoine, probenecid, sulfinpyrazon, sulfonylurea, thiazide and thiazide type diuretics, and zidovudine.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Although no teratogennic impact has been observed in the animal-experimental research with dexibuprofen or ibuprofen, the use should be avoided during the pregnancy. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. Because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during late pregnancy should be avoided.

Lactation: Studies at people have shown that racimic ibuprofen proceed in small to negligible degree in mother milk. So, Dexibuprofen should be used with cautions in nursing mothers.

Pediatric usageView

Hepatic impairment: Patients with mild to moderate liver function impairments must start with low amounts, and must closely be monitored. Dexibuprofen should not be used in patients with serious liver function impairments.

Renal impairment: The start amount must be reduced at patients with mild to moderate kidney function impairments. Dexibuprofen cannot be used patients with serious kidney function impairments.

Children Dose: Although Dexibuprofen is not licensed for use in children under 18 years of age in the UK, some countries permit such use. For example, in Switzerland, Dexibuprofen has been given to children aged 6 years and over at a dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg daily in 2-4 divided doses.

For elderly people: Lowest effective dose is recommended. The dosage can be raised to adult dosage if well tolerated.

Overdose effectsView

Dexibuprofen has low acute toxicities. Symptoms of toxicity occur at doses between 80 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Mild symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, headache, tinnitus and ataxia. Moderate to serious symptoms, such as flatulence, hypotension, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, reduced kidney function, coma, and apnoea. The treatment must be symptomatic: there is no specific antidote. In case of large quantities of Dexibuprofen, activated charcoal should be administered. Vomiting can be induced only when life-threatening quantities of the substance ingested and the procedure can be carried out within 60 minutes after ingestion. Dialysis and hemodialysis are of little value as Dexibuprofen binds strongly to plasma protein.

StorageView

Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children

Inflam-D

Dexibuprofen

Tablet 300 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Rheumatic disorders

Indication detailsView

Dexibuprofen is indicated in-

The relief of sign and symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Indicated in rheumatoidal disorders such as osseous rheumatism, ankylosing spondilitis, juvenile arthritis, muscular rheumatism, degenerative joint diseases
Acute symptomatic treatment of painful menstruation (primary dysmenorrhoea)
Common headache and fever
Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as muscle pain, headache and dental pain
As an adjuvant with common cold and influenza associated with headache.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Dexibuprofen (S (+)-ibuprofen) is considered as the pharmacologically active enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen. Like racemic ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic action. Like ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics: Dexibuprofen is absorbed primarily from the small intestine. After metabolic transformation in the liver (hydroxylation, carboxylation) the pharmacologically inactive metabolites are completely excreted, mainly by the kidneys (90%), but also in the bile. The elimination half-life is 1.8-3.5 hours; the plasma protein binding is about 99%. Maximum plasma levels are reached about 2 hours after oral administration. The administration of dexibuprofen with a meal delays the time to reach maximum concentrations (from 2.1 hours after fasting conditions to 2.8 hours after non-fasting conditions) and decreases the maximum plasma concentrations (from 20.6 to 18.1 mcg/ml, which is of no clinical relevance), but has no effect on the extent of absorption.

DosageView

The dosage must be adjusted to the seriousness of the syndrome and the complaints of the patient. During chronic pain, the dosage must be adapted to the lowest effective dose.

The recommended dosage: 600-900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at 2-3 divided doses. The dosage can be raised temporarily up to 1200 mg Dexibuprofen per day in patients with acute disorders or exacerbations. The maximum daily dose is 1200 mg.

At dysmenorrhea: A dosage of 600 up to 900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at a divided dose.

Side effectsView

Clinical experience has shown that adverse effects of Dexibuprofen are similar to those of racemic ibuprofen. Common side-effects are dyspepsia, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity reactions - bleeding, ulcer.

ContraindicationsView

Dexibuprofen is contraindicated in patients with previous history of hypersensitivity to Dexibuprofen, or another NSAID, or any other component of the product. Patients, who experience attack of asthma, arouse bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, urticaria or edema after use of similar drugs (e.g. aspirin or other NSAID's). It is also contraindicated in patients with active or suspected hemorrhage, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, patients with serious heart diseases, kidney function impairment (GFR <30ml/min), and liver function impairment.

PrecautionsView

Dexibuprofen should be used with particular caution in patients with bronchial asthma or other chronic diseases of the pulmonary tract as well as in persons prone to allergy. The drug should be used in patients with hepatic, renal or cardiac insufficiency and with hypertension not responding to any treatment. Consultation with a doctor is recommended for patients with systemic lupus or with other autoimmunological disease before beginning therapy using the drug. Dexibuprofen should be used with extreme cautions in active and suspected hemorrhagic conditions such as gastro-duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, alcoholism. Allergic reactions to the drug may appear even for the first-time user and in such case, it should immediately be stopped.

InteractionsView

The reported drug interactions of Dexibuprofen are similar to that of racemic mixture of ibuprofen. Drug interactions is noticed with simultaneous use of anticoagulant, hydantoine and sulfonamide, ticlopidine, lithium, other NSAID's, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, corticosteroids, digoxin, methotrexate, pentoxyfiline, phenytoine, probenecid, sulfinpyrazon, sulfonylurea, thiazide and thiazide type diuretics, and zidovudine.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Although no teratogennic impact has been observed in the animal-experimental research with dexibuprofen or ibuprofen, the use should be avoided during the pregnancy. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. Because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during late pregnancy should be avoided.

Lactation: Studies at people have shown that racimic ibuprofen proceed in small to negligible degree in mother milk. So, Dexibuprofen should be used with cautions in nursing mothers.

Pediatric usageView

Hepatic impairment: Patients with mild to moderate liver function impairments must start with low amounts, and must closely be monitored. Dexibuprofen should not be used in patients with serious liver function impairments.

Renal impairment: The start amount must be reduced at patients with mild to moderate kidney function impairments. Dexibuprofen cannot be used patients with serious kidney function impairments.

Children Dose: Although Dexibuprofen is not licensed for use in children under 18 years of age in the UK, some countries permit such use. For example, in Switzerland, Dexibuprofen has been given to children aged 6 years and over at a dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg daily in 2-4 divided doses.

For elderly people: Lowest effective dose is recommended. The dosage can be raised to adult dosage if well tolerated.

Overdose effectsView

Dexibuprofen has low acute toxicities. Symptoms of toxicity occur at doses between 80 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Mild symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, headache, tinnitus and ataxia. Moderate to serious symptoms, such as flatulence, hypotension, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, reduced kidney function, coma, and apnoea. The treatment must be symptomatic: there is no specific antidote. In case of large quantities of Dexibuprofen, activated charcoal should be administered. Vomiting can be induced only when life-threatening quantities of the substance ingested and the procedure can be carried out within 60 minutes after ingestion. Dialysis and hemodialysis are of little value as Dexibuprofen binds strongly to plasma protein.

StorageView

Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children

Inflam-D

Dexibuprofen

Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Rheumatic disorders

Indication detailsView

Dexibuprofen is indicated in-

The relief of sign and symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Indicated in rheumatoidal disorders such as osseous rheumatism, ankylosing spondilitis, juvenile arthritis, muscular rheumatism, degenerative joint diseases
Acute symptomatic treatment of painful menstruation (primary dysmenorrhoea)
Common headache and fever
Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as muscle pain, headache and dental pain
As an adjuvant with common cold and influenza associated with headache.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Dexibuprofen (S (+)-ibuprofen) is considered as the pharmacologically active enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen. Like racemic ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic action. Like ibuprofen, Dexibuprofen acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics: Dexibuprofen is absorbed primarily from the small intestine. After metabolic transformation in the liver (hydroxylation, carboxylation) the pharmacologically inactive metabolites are completely excreted, mainly by the kidneys (90%), but also in the bile. The elimination half-life is 1.8-3.5 hours; the plasma protein binding is about 99%. Maximum plasma levels are reached about 2 hours after oral administration. The administration of dexibuprofen with a meal delays the time to reach maximum concentrations (from 2.1 hours after fasting conditions to 2.8 hours after non-fasting conditions) and decreases the maximum plasma concentrations (from 20.6 to 18.1 mcg/ml, which is of no clinical relevance), but has no effect on the extent of absorption.

DosageView

The dosage must be adjusted to the seriousness of the syndrome and the complaints of the patient. During chronic pain, the dosage must be adapted to the lowest effective dose.

The recommended dosage: 600-900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at 2-3 divided doses. The dosage can be raised temporarily up to 1200 mg Dexibuprofen per day in patients with acute disorders or exacerbations. The maximum daily dose is 1200 mg.

At dysmenorrhea: A dosage of 600 up to 900 mg Dexibuprofen per day, at a divided dose.

Side effectsView

Clinical experience has shown that adverse effects of Dexibuprofen are similar to those of racemic ibuprofen. Common side-effects are dyspepsia, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity reactions - bleeding, ulcer.

ContraindicationsView

Dexibuprofen is contraindicated in patients with previous history of hypersensitivity to Dexibuprofen, or another NSAID, or any other component of the product. Patients, who experience attack of asthma, arouse bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, urticaria or edema after use of similar drugs (e.g. aspirin or other NSAID's). It is also contraindicated in patients with active or suspected hemorrhage, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, patients with serious heart diseases, kidney function impairment (GFR <30ml/min), and liver function impairment.

PrecautionsView

Dexibuprofen should be used with particular caution in patients with bronchial asthma or other chronic diseases of the pulmonary tract as well as in persons prone to allergy. The drug should be used in patients with hepatic, renal or cardiac insufficiency and with hypertension not responding to any treatment. Consultation with a doctor is recommended for patients with systemic lupus or with other autoimmunological disease before beginning therapy using the drug. Dexibuprofen should be used with extreme cautions in active and suspected hemorrhagic conditions such as gastro-duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, alcoholism. Allergic reactions to the drug may appear even for the first-time user and in such case, it should immediately be stopped.

InteractionsView

The reported drug interactions of Dexibuprofen are similar to that of racemic mixture of ibuprofen. Drug interactions is noticed with simultaneous use of anticoagulant, hydantoine and sulfonamide, ticlopidine, lithium, other NSAID's, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, corticosteroids, digoxin, methotrexate, pentoxyfiline, phenytoine, probenecid, sulfinpyrazon, sulfonylurea, thiazide and thiazide type diuretics, and zidovudine.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Although no teratogennic impact has been observed in the animal-experimental research with dexibuprofen or ibuprofen, the use should be avoided during the pregnancy. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. Because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during late pregnancy should be avoided.

Lactation: Studies at people have shown that racimic ibuprofen proceed in small to negligible degree in mother milk. So, Dexibuprofen should be used with cautions in nursing mothers.

Pediatric usageView

Hepatic impairment: Patients with mild to moderate liver function impairments must start with low amounts, and must closely be monitored. Dexibuprofen should not be used in patients with serious liver function impairments.

Renal impairment: The start amount must be reduced at patients with mild to moderate kidney function impairments. Dexibuprofen cannot be used patients with serious kidney function impairments.

Children Dose: Although Dexibuprofen is not licensed for use in children under 18 years of age in the UK, some countries permit such use. For example, in Switzerland, Dexibuprofen has been given to children aged 6 years and over at a dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg daily in 2-4 divided doses.

For elderly people: Lowest effective dose is recommended. The dosage can be raised to adult dosage if well tolerated.

Overdose effectsView

Dexibuprofen has low acute toxicities. Symptoms of toxicity occur at doses between 80 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Mild symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, headache, tinnitus and ataxia. Moderate to serious symptoms, such as flatulence, hypotension, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, reduced kidney function, coma, and apnoea. The treatment must be symptomatic: there is no specific antidote. In case of large quantities of Dexibuprofen, activated charcoal should be administered. Vomiting can be induced only when life-threatening quantities of the substance ingested and the procedure can be carried out within 60 minutes after ingestion. Dialysis and hemodialysis are of little value as Dexibuprofen binds strongly to plasma protein.

StorageView

Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children

Inflavis

Dexamethasone (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Solution 0.10% Allopathic

Indication detailsView

Eye: Dexamethasone Phosphate is indicated for treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the eye such as: anterior uveitis, iritis, cyclitis, allergic and vernal conjunctivitis, herpes zoster keratitis, superficial punctate keratitis and non-specific superficial keratitis.

Also indicated for the treatment of corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns or following penetration by foreign bodies. Indicated for post operative use to reduce inflammatory reactions and suppress graft reaction.

Ear: Indicated in the steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus, such as allergic otitis externa, selected purulent and non-purulent infective otitis externa.

PharmacologyView

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid which decreases inflammation by inhibiting the migration of leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability. It suppresses normal immune response.

DosageView

Eye:

As 0.1% drop: The frequency of instillation of drops and the duration of treatment will vary depending upon the severity of the underlying condition and the response to treatment. Severe inflammations require one to two drops instilled into the eye every thirty to sixty minutes until a satisfactory response occurs. Subconjunctival or systemic steroid therapy should be considered if there is no response. When a favourable response has been observed reduce the dosage towards one drop every four hours.
As 0.05% ointment: Apply 0.5-1 inch ribbon of ointment into the conjunctival sac(s) up to 4 times daily. Reduce to once daily dosing once conditon has improved.

Ear: Instill two or three drops to the ear at two or three hour interval. The frequency of dosage and duration of the treatment may vary with the type of lesion and severity.

Side effectsView

Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from pathogens including herpes simplex, perforation of the globe. Rarely, stinging and burning may occur.

ContraindicationsView

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), acute infections stages of vaccinia, varicella, and many other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva, Mycobacterial infection of the eye, Fungal diseases of ocular or auricular structures, perforation of a drum membrane. Hypersensitivity to any ingredient of this product.

PrecautionsView

The possibility of persistent fungal infections of the cornea should be considered after prolonged corticosteroid dosing. There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple dose containers of topical ophthalmic products. These containers had been inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface.

InteractionsView

None relevant to topical use.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category C. There is no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric Use: Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 18 have not been established.

Overdose effectsView

Long-term intensive topical use may lead to systemic effects. Oral ingestion of the contents of the bottle (up to 10 ml) is unlikely to lead to any serious adverse effects.

StorageView

Store below 30° C in a cool and dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to surfaces since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of first opening.

Inflect

Naproxen Sodium + Esomeprazole Magnesium

Tablet (Delayed Release) 375 mg+20 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Indication detailsView

Naproxen & Esomeprazole is indicated for the relief of signs & symptoms of-

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis &
To decrease the risk of developing gastric ulcers in patients at risk of developing NSAID-associated gastric ulcers.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

This consists of an immediate release Esomeprazole Magnesium layer & an enteric-coated Naproxen core. As a result, Esomeprazole is released first into the stomach, prior to the dissolution of Naproxen in the small intestine.

Naproxen is a NSAID with analgesic & antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of Naproxen is to inhibit the prostaglandin synthesis. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H⁺/k⁺ -ATPase in the gastric parietal cell by acting specifically on the proton pump, Esomeprazole blocks the final step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity.

DosageView

Carefully consider the potential benefits & risks of this tablet & other treatment options before deciding to use this tablet. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. If a dose of Esomeprazole lower than a total daily dose of 40 mg is more appropriate, a different treatment should be considered.

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis-

Adults: One tablet twice daily of either: 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole; or 500 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Adolescent Patients 12 Years of Age & Older-

Weight greater than 50 kg: 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole; or 500 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole
Weight 38 kg to less than 50 kg: One tablet twice daily of 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole.

AdministrationView

Do not split, chew, crush or dissolve the tablet. This tablet is to be taken at least 30 minutes before meals.

Side effectsView

In general, this preparation is well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials (>5%): erosive gastritis, dyspepsia, gastritis, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, upper abdominal pain, nausea etc.

ContraindicationsView

Known hypersensitivity to any component of this tablet or substituted benzimidazoles.
History of asthmay urticaria or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Use during the peri-operative period in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

PrecautionsView

Patients with known CV disease/risk factors may be at greater risk. This tablet should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart failure.

InteractionsView

With medicine:

Concomitant use of NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, diuretics & beta-blockers
Concomitant use of this tablet and warfarin may result in an increased risk of a bleeding complication.
Esomeprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion & may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability (eg. Ketoconazole, iron salts and digoxin).

With food & others: Administration of Naproxen & Esomeprazole together with high-fat food in healthy volunteers does not affect the extent of absorption of naproxen but significantly prolongs t_max by 10 hours and decreases peak plasma concentration (C_max) by about 12%

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category C. In late pregnancy, it should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. This tablet should not be used in nursing mothers due to the Naproxen component.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly patients: Studies indicate that although the total plasma concentration of naproxen is unchanged, the unbound plasma fraction of naproxen is increased in the elderly. Use caution when high doses are required & some adjustment of dosage may be required in elderly patients. As with other drugs used in the elderly use the lowest effective dose.

Patients with Moderate to Severe Renal impairment: Naproxen-containing products are not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min).

Hepatic insufficiency: Monitor patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment closely & consider a possible dose reduction based on the Naproxen component of this tablet. This is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment because Esomeprazole dosage should not exceed 20 mg daily in these patients.

Overdose effectsView

There is no clinical data on overdosage with this tablet.

Overdose of Naproxen: Significant naproxen overdosage may be characterized by lethargy, drowsiness, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, transient alteration in liver function, hypoprothrombinemia, renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, apnea, vomiting etc.

Overdose of Esomeprazole: The major signs of acute toxicity were reduced motor activity, changes in respiratory frequency, tremor and intermittent clonic convulsions etc.

StorageView

Store at temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.