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For the disinfection of clean and intact skin. For pre-operative surgical hand disinfection, hand disinfection on the ward prior to aseptic procedures or after handling contaminated materials. For disinfection of the patients’ skin prior to surgery or other invasive procedures

Chlorhexidine & Chloroxylenol preparations

Chlorhexidine is a very potent cationic chemoprophylactic agent that has a broad-spectrum of activity against gm+ve and gm-ve bacteria. It is both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on its concentration. The bactericidal effect, which is achieved at high concentrations, is due to the binding of the cationic to negatively charged bacterial cell walls and extramicrobial complexes. Bacteriostatic effect is achieved at low concentrations which causes an alteration of bacterial cell osmotic equilibrium and leakage of potassium and phosphorus.

Pre-operative surgical hand disinfection: Dispense 5 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over both hands and forearms, rubbing vigorously. When dry apply a further 5 ml and repeat the procedure.

Antiseptic hand disinfection on the ward: Dispense 3 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over the hands and wrists rubbing vigorously until dry.

Disinfection of patients skin: Prior to surgery apply the solution to a sterile swab and rub vigorously over the operation site for a minimum of 2 minutes. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for preparation of the skin prior to invasive procedures such as venepuncture.

Irritative skin reactions can occasionally occur. Generalised allergic reactions have also been reported but are extremely rare

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is contraindicated for persons who have previously shown a hypersensitivity reaction to chlorhexidine. However, such reactions are extremely rare.

Avoid contact with brain, meninges, middle ear or sensitive tissues and eyes. Do not inject or use in body cavities.

Chlorhexidine is incompatible with soaps and other anionic agents. Hypochlorite bleaches may cause brown stains to develop in fabrics which have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine solutions.

No untoward effects are known

Symptoms: Pharyngeal oedema, necrotic lesions of the esophagus and elevated serum aminotransferase concentrations.

Management: Gastric lavage using milk, raw egg, gelatin or mild soap, or employ appropriate supportive measures.

Do not store above 25° C.

For the disinfection of clean and intact skin. For pre-operative surgical hand disinfection, hand disinfection on the ward prior to aseptic procedures or after handling contaminated materials. For disinfection of the patients’ skin prior to surgery or other invasive procedures

Chlorhexidine & Chloroxylenol preparations

Chlorhexidine is a very potent cationic chemoprophylactic agent that has a broad-spectrum of activity against gm+ve and gm-ve bacteria. It is both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on its concentration. The bactericidal effect, which is achieved at high concentrations, is due to the binding of the cationic to negatively charged bacterial cell walls and extramicrobial complexes. Bacteriostatic effect is achieved at low concentrations which causes an alteration of bacterial cell osmotic equilibrium and leakage of potassium and phosphorus.

Pre-operative surgical hand disinfection: Dispense 5 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over both hands and forearms, rubbing vigorously. When dry apply a further 5 ml and repeat the procedure.

Antiseptic hand disinfection on the ward: Dispense 3 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over the hands and wrists rubbing vigorously until dry.

Disinfection of patients skin: Prior to surgery apply the solution to a sterile swab and rub vigorously over the operation site for a minimum of 2 minutes. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for preparation of the skin prior to invasive procedures such as venepuncture.

Irritative skin reactions can occasionally occur. Generalised allergic reactions have also been reported but are extremely rare

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is contraindicated for persons who have previously shown a hypersensitivity reaction to chlorhexidine. However, such reactions are extremely rare.

Avoid contact with brain, meninges, middle ear or sensitive tissues and eyes. Do not inject or use in body cavities.

Chlorhexidine is incompatible with soaps and other anionic agents. Hypochlorite bleaches may cause brown stains to develop in fabrics which have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine solutions.

No untoward effects are known

Symptoms: Pharyngeal oedema, necrotic lesions of the esophagus and elevated serum aminotransferase concentrations.

Management: Gastric lavage using milk, raw egg, gelatin or mild soap, or employ appropriate supportive measures.

Do not store above 25° C.

For the disinfection of clean and intact skin. For pre-operative surgical hand disinfection, hand disinfection on the ward prior to aseptic procedures or after handling contaminated materials. For disinfection of the patients’ skin prior to surgery or other invasive procedures

Chlorhexidine & Chloroxylenol preparations

Chlorhexidine is a very potent cationic chemoprophylactic agent that has a broad-spectrum of activity against gm+ve and gm-ve bacteria. It is both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on its concentration. The bactericidal effect, which is achieved at high concentrations, is due to the binding of the cationic to negatively charged bacterial cell walls and extramicrobial complexes. Bacteriostatic effect is achieved at low concentrations which causes an alteration of bacterial cell osmotic equilibrium and leakage of potassium and phosphorus.

Pre-operative surgical hand disinfection: Dispense 5 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over both hands and forearms, rubbing vigorously. When dry apply a further 5 ml and repeat the procedure.

Antiseptic hand disinfection on the ward: Dispense 3 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over the hands and wrists rubbing vigorously until dry.

Disinfection of patients skin: Prior to surgery apply the solution to a sterile swab and rub vigorously over the operation site for a minimum of 2 minutes. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for preparation of the skin prior to invasive procedures such as venepuncture.

Irritative skin reactions can occasionally occur. Generalised allergic reactions have also been reported but are extremely rare

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is contraindicated for persons who have previously shown a hypersensitivity reaction to chlorhexidine. However, such reactions are extremely rare.

Avoid contact with brain, meninges, middle ear or sensitive tissues and eyes. Do not inject or use in body cavities.

Chlorhexidine is incompatible with soaps and other anionic agents. Hypochlorite bleaches may cause brown stains to develop in fabrics which have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine solutions.

No untoward effects are known

Symptoms: Pharyngeal oedema, necrotic lesions of the esophagus and elevated serum aminotransferase concentrations.

Management: Gastric lavage using milk, raw egg, gelatin or mild soap, or employ appropriate supportive measures.

Do not store above 25° C.

For the disinfection of clean and intact skin. For pre-operative surgical hand disinfection, hand disinfection on the ward prior to aseptic procedures or after handling contaminated materials. For disinfection of the patients’ skin prior to surgery or other invasive procedures

Chlorhexidine & Chloroxylenol preparations

Chlorhexidine is a very potent cationic chemoprophylactic agent that has a broad-spectrum of activity against gm+ve and gm-ve bacteria. It is both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on its concentration. The bactericidal effect, which is achieved at high concentrations, is due to the binding of the cationic to negatively charged bacterial cell walls and extramicrobial complexes. Bacteriostatic effect is achieved at low concentrations which causes an alteration of bacterial cell osmotic equilibrium and leakage of potassium and phosphorus.

Pre-operative surgical hand disinfection: Dispense 5 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over both hands and forearms, rubbing vigorously. When dry apply a further 5 ml and repeat the procedure.

Antiseptic hand disinfection on the ward: Dispense 3 ml of solution and spread thoroughly over the hands and wrists rubbing vigorously until dry.

Disinfection of patients skin: Prior to surgery apply the solution to a sterile swab and rub vigorously over the operation site for a minimum of 2 minutes. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used for preparation of the skin prior to invasive procedures such as venepuncture.

Irritative skin reactions can occasionally occur. Generalised allergic reactions have also been reported but are extremely rare

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is contraindicated for persons who have previously shown a hypersensitivity reaction to chlorhexidine. However, such reactions are extremely rare.

Avoid contact with brain, meninges, middle ear or sensitive tissues and eyes. Do not inject or use in body cavities.

Chlorhexidine is incompatible with soaps and other anionic agents. Hypochlorite bleaches may cause brown stains to develop in fabrics which have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine solutions.

No untoward effects are known

Symptoms: Pharyngeal oedema, necrotic lesions of the esophagus and elevated serum aminotransferase concentrations.

Management: Gastric lavage using milk, raw egg, gelatin or mild soap, or employ appropriate supportive measures.

Do not store above 25° C.

This hand sanitizer is generally used to decrease infectious agents on the hands and is the most commonly used disinfectant in pharmaceutical industries. The important thing is that only 70% solution of isopropyl alcohol acts as a disinfectant killing all surface microorganisms. It is used to disinfect hands and equipment surface in pharmaceuticals.

Bleaching and Disinfectants

Isopropyl Alcohol is an isomer of propyl alcohol with antibacterial properties. Although the exact mechanism of isopropanol's disinfecting action is not known, it might kill cells by denaturing cell proteins and DNA, interfering with cellular metabolism, and dissolving cell lipo-protein membranes. Isopropanol is used in soaps and lotions as an antiseptic. 70 % isopropyl alcohol solution kills microorganisms by dissolving plasma membrane of the cell wall.

Glycerol: used as humectant, but other emollients may be used for skin care, provided that they are cheap, widely available and miscible in water and alcohol and do not add to toxicity, or promote allergy.

Hydrogen peroxide: used to inactivate contaminating bacterial spores in the solution and is not an active substance for hand antisepsis.

Alcohol-based hand sanitizer is more convenient compared to hand washing with soap and water in most situations in the healthcare setting. It is generally more effective at killing microorganisms and better tolerated than soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer is recommended only if soap and water are not available. Using guideline is given bellow-

1. Apply product to the palm of one hand.
2. Rub hands together.
3. Rub the product over all surfaces of hands and fingers until hands are dry.

Inhaling large amounts of isopropyl alcohol can cause nausea, vomiting, irritation of the nose and mucous membranes, throat irritations, and even difficulty with breathing as coughing can occur making it difficult for you to catch your breath. Isopropyl alcohol may cause burning, stinging, or a cold feeling where the medicine is applied.

Isopropyl Alcohol is contraindicated in patients with known Hypersensitivity.

Isopropyl Alcohol is highly flammable in the presence of heat, sparks, or an open flame. When handling isopropyl alcohol in a work environment (to best to avoid any contact with skin) protective clothing should be always be worn, including safety gloves and goggles. Isopropyl alcohol should be kept away from heat, sparks, flames and other sources of ignition, as well as strong oxidizers, acetaldehyde, chlorine, ethylene oxide, acids, and isocyanates. A flammable safety cabinet is the best storage option.

Isopropyl alcohol should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool & dry place, protected from light, well-ventilated area. Due to the chemical's extreme flammability, it must be kept away from all possible ignition sources, including heat, sparks, and flames. Keep out of reach of children.

This tablet is indicated in-

• Pyrexia
• Dyspnoea
• Pain
• Exhaustion
• Convulsion due to excessive bile

Herbal and Nutraceuticals

This is a very effective preparation of Datura (Datura stramonium), Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and other ingredients. It is very effective in pyrexia and dyspnoea. This also acts as an analgesic.

1-2 tablet(s) twice daily or as prescribed by the physicians.

No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.

There is no known contraindication.

Keep out of reach of the children.

Protect from light. Keep in cool & dry place.

This is indicated in-

• Haemorrhoid (piles)
• Constipation
• Flatulence

Herbal and Nutraceuticals

This is a unique combination of Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula), Barberry (Berberis aristata) and other natural ingredients, which helps to relieve haemorrhoid and constipation. It reduces swelling and inflammation of rectal mucosa, acts as mild laxative, prevents undue pressure on rectal muscle. Hanrhoid is very effective in stomachache and flatulence.

1 tablet twice daily or as prescribed by the physician.

No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.

There is no known contraindication.

Keep out of reach of the children.

Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.

This is indicated in Haemorrhoid (bleeding piles), Constipation.

Herbal and Nutraceuticals

This is a special preparation of synergistically acting natural active ingredients such as Guggul (Commiphora mukul), Berberry (Berberis aristata), Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula), Emblic Myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica) etc. Hanrhoid-B acts as powerful astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, which is very effective in the treatment of Bleeding Haemorrhoids. It helps to relive swelling and inflammation of rectal mucosa. It also acts as laxative, analgesic and antiseptic. 

2 tablets twice daily or as prescribed by the physician.

No significant side effect has been observed in therapeutic dosage.

There is no known contra-indication.

Keep out of reach of the children.

Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.

This is indicated in-

• Diarrhoea
• Gastric ulcer
• Duodenal ulcer
• Convulsions

Herbal and Nutraceuticals

This is a unique medicine prepared with the valuable natural ingredients, which is highly effective in the treatment of diarrhoea. It strengthens the gastrointestinal barrier and prevents gastric & intestinal ulcer. It is also very effective to remove convulsion.

1-2 tablet(s) 2-3 times daily or as prescribed by the physician.

No significant side effect has been observed in therapeutic dosage.

There is no known contra-indication.

Keep out of reach of the children.

Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.

This preparation is mainly for the malnourished infants of 6 months and children up to 5 years of age to correct anemia, vitamin & mineral deficiency.

Multi-vitamin & Multi-mineral combined preparations

This is a special formulation comprisng of 15 necessary vitamins, minerals & trace elements from vitamin A to zinc.

This multivitamin & multimineral preparation should be given infants & children after completion of 6 months of age upto 5 years, 1 gm sachat to be given daily mixed with usual foods. After mixing the powder, feeding should be completed within half an hour. To correct anemia, vitamin & mineral deficiency 60 sachets should be giver every child within 120 days. At a minimum interval of 6 months 60 sachets can be given repeatedly upto 5 years of age.

No significant side-effects.

This preparation must not be given in the first 6 months of age. The children severely malnourished or sick and admitted in the hospital also should not be given in the first week of treatment.

No more than 1 sachet to be given daily. This preparation should not be mixed with too hot (60°C) or too liquid food.

No data found

Iron, Vitamin & Mineral Combined preparation

This is most suited to children from the age of 6-23 months. As recommended by WHO, this preparation is very effective in addressing iron and micronutrient deficiency anemia among under five children.

The dose is-

• Feed this to children by mixing with semi-solid or soft food (rice, hotchpotch, suji etc).
• When child becomes hungry, mix one sachet of this preparation with a small quantity of child’s main meal of the day and feed it in full within half-an hour.
• Feed one sachet of this preparation to a child daily to be continued for 2 months, then 4 months interval and continue for another 2 months. Following same process, feed this preparation to children up to 59 months of age.

Apparently this has no side effect but due to the presence of iron in this preparation, stool of a child could be hard or soft and it’s color may also be blackish and after few days it would become normal.

This is prohibited for children affected thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and HIV/AIDS.

This should be stored in a dry place protected from light where temperature might be below 30°C.

Zinc Oxide helps treat and prevent diaper rash while it moisturizes and nourishes the skin. The Zinc Oxide based formulation provides a protective barrier on the skin against the natural causes of irritation. Zinc Oxide spreads on smooth and wipes off the baby easily, without causing irritation to the affected area.

Drugs used in diaper rash

Zinc oxide is used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and diaper rash. It is also used as sunscreen.

Change wet and soiled diapers promptly, cleanse the diaper area, and allow drying. Apply ointment liberally as often as necessary, with each diaper change, especially at bedtime or anytime when exposure to wet diapers may be prolonged.

Usually well tolerated. Extremely low frequency of hypersensitivity reaction.

Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation.

When using this product avoid contact with eyes Stop use and ask a doctor if the condition worsens or does not improve within 7 days. This may be a sign of a serious condition. Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help immediately

No hazardous drug interactions have been reported.

This medication should be used with precautions only if clearly needed during pregnancy or while breast feeding

No overdose related problem is yet reported.

Keep at cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

Nasal Decongestants & Other Nasal Preparations

Sodium Chloride nasal wash is a non-drug, isotonic saline solution that is used to moisturize nasal membranes. This formulation provides comfort for extensive and continuous use.

Sodium Chloride 0.9% nasal wash moistures inside the nose by dissolving and softening thick or crusty mucus thus helps to remove the mucus from the nose and makes breathing easier. Excess sodium is predominantly excreted by the kidneys with small amounts lost in faeces and sweat.

Nasal Congestion: In infants, 1-2 drops of Sodium Chloride nasal wash in each nostril before feeds will help relieve congestion and allow more effective suckling.

Ear Wax Removal: Allow the Sodium Chloride nasal wash to warm to room temperature before use. It is important to put the drops into the ear carefully. Lie down on one side and fill the ear canal with the drops and wait for a few minutes before standing up. Age: from 6 months onwards. Put 3 to 4 drops into the affected ear(s) 3 to 4 times a day for 3 to 5 days.

How to use the Nasal Spray-

• Shake the bottle gently and remove the dust cover.
• Hold the spray with your forefinger and middle finger on either side of the nozzle and your thumb underneath the bottle. Press down until a fine spray appears. If using for the first time or if you have not used it for a week or more, press the nasal applicator several times until a fine moist comes out from the container.
• Gently blow the nose to clear the nostrils.
• Close one nostril and carefully insert the nasal applicator into the open nostril. Tilt your head forward slightly and keep the spray upright. Breathe in through your nose and while breathing in, press the white-collar of nasal applicator firmly down once to release a spray.
• Breathe out through your mouth.
• Repeat the above steps in the same/ other nostril for consecutive doses.

Cleaning: The nasal spray should be cleaned at least once a week. The procedures are as follows-

• Remove the dust cover.
• Gently pull off the nasal applicator.
• Wash the applicator and dust cover in warm water.
• Shake off the excess water and leave to dry in a normal place. Avoid to apply additional heat.
• Gently push the applicator back on the top of the bottle and re-fix the dust cover.

No side effects are expected to occur. However stinging, sneezing, increased nasal discharge, or salty taste may occur in some cases.

Do not share this medication with others. Doing so may increase the risk of infection.

Tell your doctor about your medical history, especially of heart problems (e.g., congestive heart failure), lung problems (pulmonary edema), kidney problems, low levels of potassium (hypokalemia), high levels of sodium (hypernatremia), and any allergies.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication. It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

There have been no adverse reports of overdose with Sodium Chloride 0.9% nasal wash.

Keep out of the reach of children. Store at room temperature (between 15°C to 30°C), away from light and moisture.

Desvenlafaxine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The efficacy of Desvenlafaxine has been established in four short-term (8-week, placebo-controlled studies) and two maintenance studies in adult outpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder.

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Desvenlafaxine is the principal active metabolite of venlafaxine. The exact mechanism is unknown, but is thought to be related to the potentiation of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS, through inhibition of their reuptake.

The recommended dose for Desvenlafaxine is 50 mg once daily, with or without food. The 50 mg dose is both a starting dose and the therapeutic dose. Desvenlafaxine should be taken at approximately the same time each day. Tablets must be swallowed whole with fluid and not divided, crushed, chewed, or dissolved.

In clinical studies, doses of 10 mg to 400 mg per day were studied. In clinical studies, doses of 50 mg to 400 mg per day were shown to be effective, although no additional benefit was demonstrated at doses greater than 50 mg per day and adverse reactions and discontinuations were more frequent at higher doses.

The 25 mg per day dose is intended for a gradual reduction in dose when discontinuing treatment. When discontinuing therapy, gradual dose reduction is recommended whenever possible to minimize discontinuation symptoms

Suicidal thinking/ behaviour, HTN, mydriasis, seizure, hyponatraemia, interstitial lung disease and eosinophilic pneumonia; nausea, dizziness, insomnia, hyperhidrosis, constipation, somnolence, decreased appetite, anxiety, sexual function disorders in males (e.g. anorgasmia, decreased libido, abnormal orgasm, delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorder, ejaculation failure, sexual dysfunction).

Concurrent use or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOIs (e.g. linezolid, IV methylene blue). Initiation of MAOI at least 7 days after discontinuing desvenlafaxine.

Patient with pre-existing HTN or other conditions that may be compromised by increased BP, raised intraocular pressure, personal or family history of mania or hypomania; CV, cerebrovascular or lipid metabolism disorders; seizure disorder. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Renal and moderate to severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.

Increased risk of bleeding with aspirin or other NSAIDs, warfarin and other anticoagulants.

Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

Hepatic impairment (Moderate to severe): 50 mg daily. Max: 100 mg once daily.

Renal Impairment:

• CrCl <30 or ESRD: 25 mg daily or 50 mg every other day. Supplemental doses should not be given after dialysis.
• CrCl (30-50): Max 50 mg once daily.

Store between 20-25° C.

Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

This is the preparation of Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). Calcium is necessary for many normal functions of our body, especially bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D3 helps for the absorption & reabsorption of Calcium. Vitamin D3 also stimulates bone formation. Clinical studies showed that Calcium and Vitamin D3 all together helps in bone growth, and in prevention of osteoporosis & bone fracture.

Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 200 IU Tablet: 2 tablets daily or 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.

Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 400 IU Tablet: 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.

It is generally well tolerated. If there is experience like nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, dry mouth, increased thirst, increased urination while taking, noticed to physicians. Constipation may occur.

It is contraindicated in case of hypercalcaemia, hyperthyroidism, renal calculi & nephrolithiasis and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

If there is any pre-existing heart disease or kidney disease, precautions should be taken.

It has possible interaction with calcium, aluminium or magnesium containing antacids &  other calcium supplements, calcitriol & other vitamin D3 supplements; digoxin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline or oxytetracycline.

This combination should be used as directed by physician during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.

Symptoms of overdosage may include nausea and vomiting, severe drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, metallic taste, stomach cramps, diarrhea, headache, constipation.

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Haemodialysis solutions

The volume and rate of infusion will depend upon the requirements of the patients and the judgement of the physician. It usually varies with age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. The recommended flow rate is up to 100-drops/minute/70 kg body weight. In burn patients the dose of Hartmann's solution according to the Parkland formula: 4 ml/kg body weight% of Body surface area (BSA) burn (e.g. for a 30% BSA burn of a person having 60 kg body weight, 4 x 60 x 30 ml = 7200 ml of Hartmann's solution would be required in 24 hours). Half of this within 8 hr, the remainder over 16 hr.

Hands, ankles and feet may become mildly swollen from fluid retention. Rarely, the lungs can also be affected, which may cause breathing difficulty. Other possible symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and inflammation or swelling of the veins around the site of the injection.

Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Hartmann's solution may be relatively contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus, as one of the isomers of lactate is gluconeogenic.

Hartmann's solution should not be administered rapidly or for prolonged periods. Since the solution contains different electrolytes, it should be infused with caution in patients where electrolyte imbalance may cause detrimental effects; e.g. in pregnancy, renal impairment, heart failure, pulmonary congestion, etc. or to patients receiving potassium sparing diuretics. In Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category C. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Lactated Ringer’s Irrigation. It is also not known whether it can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. It should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Electrosal should be stored at controlled room temperature.

Haemodialysis solutions

The volume and rate of infusion will depend upon the requirements of the patients and the judgement of the physician. It usually varies with age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. The recommended flow rate is up to 100-drops/minute/70 kg body weight. In burn patients the dose of Hartmann's solution according to the Parkland formula: 4 ml/kg body weight% of Body surface area (BSA) burn (e.g. for a 30% BSA burn of a person having 60 kg body weight, 4 x 60 x 30 ml = 7200 ml of Hartmann's solution would be required in 24 hours). Half of this within 8 hr, the remainder over 16 hr.

Hands, ankles and feet may become mildly swollen from fluid retention. Rarely, the lungs can also be affected, which may cause breathing difficulty. Other possible symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and inflammation or swelling of the veins around the site of the injection.

Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Hartmann's solution may be relatively contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus, as one of the isomers of lactate is gluconeogenic.

Hartmann's solution should not be administered rapidly or for prolonged periods. Since the solution contains different electrolytes, it should be infused with caution in patients where electrolyte imbalance may cause detrimental effects; e.g. in pregnancy, renal impairment, heart failure, pulmonary congestion, etc. or to patients receiving potassium sparing diuretics. In Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category C. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Lactated Ringer’s Irrigation. It is also not known whether it can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. It should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Electrosal should be stored at controlled room temperature.

This solution is indicated as a source of water, electrolytes and calories or as an alkalinizing agent.

Intravenous fluid preparations

This is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and caloric supply in a single dose container for intravenous administration.

As directed by a physician. Dosage is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations. The dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/ hypoglycemia. Additives may be incompatible. Administration Procedure:

• Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use
• Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurohead
• Hold lightly the Eurohead but not the bag
• Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the membrane venting region
• Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurohead and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle
• Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needle tip and close
• Remove the protective cover of the needle
• Locate the veinpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle
• Securely tape the puncture site
• Securely tape the wings and tubing
• Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.

Allergic reactions or anaphylactoid symptoms such as localized or generalized urticaria and pruritus; periorbital, facial, and/or laryngeal edema, coughing, sneezing, and/or difficulty with breathing have been reported during administration. The reporting frequency of these signs and symptoms is higher in women during pregnancy.

Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.

Do not uses if the solution is cloudy contain particles or date expired. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process.

There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.

Teratogenic effect and pregnancy category C. This solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of this solution in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well controlled trials.

Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of this solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

Should be stored at controlled room temperature.

Hepatitis A Vaccine is indicated for active immunization against disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A Vaccine is approved for use in persons 12 months of age and older. Primary immunization should be administered at least 2 weeks prior to expected exposure to HAV.

Vaccines, Anti-sera & Immunoglobulin

The hepatitis A virus belongs to the picornavirus family. It is one of several hepatitis viruses that cause systemic disease with pathology in the liver. The incubation period for hepatitis A averages 28 days (range: 15 to 50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to icteric hepatitis and death. The presence of antibodies to HAV confers protection against hepatitis A infection. However, the lowest titer needed to confer protection has not been determined.

Children and Adolescents: Primary immunization for children and adolescents (12 months through 18 years of age) consists of a single 0.5 mL dose and a 0.5 mL booster dose administered anytime between 6 and 12 months later. The preferred sites for intramuscular injections are the anterolateral aspect of the thigh in young children or the deltoid muscle of the upper arm in older children.

Adults: Primary immunization for adults consists of a single 1 mL dose and a 1 mL booster dose administered anytime between 6 and 12 months later. In adults, the injection should be given in the deltoid region.

Preparation For Administration: Shake well before use. With thorough agitation, Hepatitis A Vaccine is a homogeneous, turbid, white suspension. Do not administer if it appears otherwise. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. If either of these conditions exists, the vaccine should not be administered.

For the prefilled syringes, attach a sterile needle and administer intramuscularly.

For the vials, use a sterile needle and sterile syringe to withdraw the vaccine dose and administer intramuscularly. Changing needles between drawing vaccine from a vial and injecting it into a recipient is not necessary unless the needle has been damaged or contaminated. Use a separate sterile needle and syringe for each individual.

Hepatitis A Vaccine should be administered by intramuscular injection only. Hepatitis A Vaccine should not be administered in the gluteal region; such injections may result in suboptimal response. Do not administer this product intravenously, intradermally, or subcutaneously.

Transient soreness, erythema, induration at inj site. Fever, malaise,

Hypersensitivity. Vaccines prepared in egg cultures are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to egg. Severe immunodeficiency. Malignant disease being treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and for at least 6 mth after stopping treatment. Patients with compromised immune system such as those on high-dose systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or HIV positive.

Alcohol or disinfectant used for cleaning the skin prior to inj should be allowed to evaporate completely before vaccination to prevent vaccine inactivation.

Reduced response to vaccination when used concurrently with immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids or antineoplastics.

Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether Hepatitis A Vaccine is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Hepatitis A Vaccine is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Hepatitis A Vaccine, doses of 360 EL.U. or 720 EL.U., have been evaluated in more than 22,000 subjects 1 year to 18 years of age. The safety and effectiveness of Hepatitis A Vaccine have not been established in subjects younger than 12 months of age.

Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Hepatitis A Vaccine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in overall safety between these subjects and younger adult subjects.

Hepatic Impairment: Subjects with chronic liver disease had a lower antibody response to Hepatitis A Vaccine than healthy subjects

Store refrigerated between 2° to 8° C . Do not freeze. Discard if the vaccine has been frozen. Do not dilute to administer.

Hepatitis A Vaccine is indicated for active immunization against disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A Vaccine is approved for use in persons 12 months of age and older. Primary immunization should be administered at least 2 weeks prior to expected exposure to HAV.

Vaccines, Anti-sera & Immunoglobulin

The hepatitis A virus belongs to the picornavirus family. It is one of several hepatitis viruses that cause systemic disease with pathology in the liver. The incubation period for hepatitis A averages 28 days (range: 15 to 50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to icteric hepatitis and death. The presence of antibodies to HAV confers protection against hepatitis A infection. However, the lowest titer needed to confer protection has not been determined.

Children and Adolescents: Primary immunization for children and adolescents (12 months through 18 years of age) consists of a single 0.5 mL dose and a 0.5 mL booster dose administered anytime between 6 and 12 months later. The preferred sites for intramuscular injections are the anterolateral aspect of the thigh in young children or the deltoid muscle of the upper arm in older children.

Adults: Primary immunization for adults consists of a single 1 mL dose and a 1 mL booster dose administered anytime between 6 and 12 months later. In adults, the injection should be given in the deltoid region.

Preparation For Administration: Shake well before use. With thorough agitation, Hepatitis A Vaccine is a homogeneous, turbid, white suspension. Do not administer if it appears otherwise. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. If either of these conditions exists, the vaccine should not be administered.

For the prefilled syringes, attach a sterile needle and administer intramuscularly.

For the vials, use a sterile needle and sterile syringe to withdraw the vaccine dose and administer intramuscularly. Changing needles between drawing vaccine from a vial and injecting it into a recipient is not necessary unless the needle has been damaged or contaminated. Use a separate sterile needle and syringe for each individual.

Hepatitis A Vaccine should be administered by intramuscular injection only. Hepatitis A Vaccine should not be administered in the gluteal region; such injections may result in suboptimal response. Do not administer this product intravenously, intradermally, or subcutaneously.

Transient soreness, erythema, induration at inj site. Fever, malaise,

Hypersensitivity. Vaccines prepared in egg cultures are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to egg. Severe immunodeficiency. Malignant disease being treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and for at least 6 mth after stopping treatment. Patients with compromised immune system such as those on high-dose systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or HIV positive.

Alcohol or disinfectant used for cleaning the skin prior to inj should be allowed to evaporate completely before vaccination to prevent vaccine inactivation.

Reduced response to vaccination when used concurrently with immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids or antineoplastics.

Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether Hepatitis A Vaccine is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Hepatitis A Vaccine is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Hepatitis A Vaccine, doses of 360 EL.U. or 720 EL.U., have been evaluated in more than 22,000 subjects 1 year to 18 years of age. The safety and effectiveness of Hepatitis A Vaccine have not been established in subjects younger than 12 months of age.

Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Hepatitis A Vaccine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in overall safety between these subjects and younger adult subjects.

Hepatic Impairment: Subjects with chronic liver disease had a lower antibody response to Hepatitis A Vaccine than healthy subjects

Store refrigerated between 2° to 8° C . Do not freeze. Discard if the vaccine has been frozen. Do not dilute to administer.