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G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IV Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IV Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IV Injection 250 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 1 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IM Injection 250 mg/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Ceftriax

Ceftriaxone Sodium

IV Injection 2 gm/vial Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ceftriaxone is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
Skin and skin structure infections
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhea
Bacterial Septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Meningitis
Prevention of postoperative infections
Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

Therapeutic classView

Third generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta lactamases. A remarkable feature of Ceftriaxone is its relatively long plasma elimination half-life of about 6 to 9 hours, which makes single or once-daily dosage of the drug appropriate for most patients. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body. About 40-65% of a dose of Ceftriaxone is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is excreted in the bile and ultimately found in the feces as unchanged drug and microbiologically inactive compound. The drug is highly protein bound (95%).

DosageView

Adult: The usual dose is 1 to 2 gm by intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose
Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30 to 120 minutes before surgery

Infants and Children (01 month or older): The usual dose is 50 to 75 mg/kg intravenous or intramuscular administration once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day).

Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin and skin structure infection, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once a day (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 2 gm/day
Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; Maximum dose: 1 gm/day
Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in single daily dose or (or in equally divided doses twice a day); Maximum dose: 4 gm/day

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared. Usual duration is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections, longer therapy may be required.

AdministrationView

Preparation of Solutions for Intramuscular / Intravenous Injections:

For Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1% injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml of Lidocaine HCI 1% injection.
For Intravenous Injection: 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone should be dissolved in 5 ml of Water for injection or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 10 ml of Water for injection USP or 2 g Ceftriaxone in 20 ml of Water for injection.

The injection should be administered over 2-4 minutes, by Intramuscular or Intravenous injection or by tubing infusion over a period of 30 minutes at concentration between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. Before starting treatment through Ceftriaxone injection, patient tolerance test should be checked by administration of a test dose. (The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C).

Side effectsView

Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. A few side effects such as gastro-intestinal effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and glossitis; cutaneous reactions including rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema and erythema multiforme; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia and neutropenia; hepatic reactions including elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia; CNS reactions including nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsion, hypertonia and dizziness were reported. Local phlebitis occurs rarely following intravenous administration but can be minimized by slow injections over 2-4 minutes.

ContraindicationsView

Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

As with other cephalosporins, anaphylactic shock cannot be ruled out even if a thorough patient history is taken. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate countermeasures such as intravenous epinephrine followed by a glucocorticoid. In rare cases, shadows suggesting sludge have been detected by sonograms of the gallbladder. This condition was reversible on discontinuation or completion of Ceftriaxone therapy. Even if such findings are associated with pain, conservative, nonsurgical management is recommended. During prolonged treatment the blood picture should be checked at regular intervals.

InteractionsView

No drug interactions have been reported.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely indicated. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Ceftriaxone is administered to a lactating mother.

Pediatric usageView

Ceftriaxone must not be given to neonates if the neonates is premature and newborn (up to 28 days of age).

Overdose effectsView

There is no specific antidote. Treatment of overdosage should be symptomatic.

StorageView

Vial store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Cetirizine

Cetirizine Hydrochloride

Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Sedating Anti-histamine

Indications

Urticaria

Indication detailsView

It is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis. It is also indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergen induced asthma.

Therapeutic classView

Sedating Anti-histamine

PharmacologyView

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a potent H1 receptor antagonist without any significant anticholinergic and antiserotonic effects. At pharmacologically active dose levels, it has almost no drowsiness effect and does not cause behavioral changes. It inhibits the histamine-mediated early phase of the allergic reaction and also reduces the migration of inflammatory cells and the release of mediators associated with the late phase of the allergic reaction.

Pharmacokinetics: Cetirizine 10 mg achieves peak plasma concentrations of 257 mcg/L within one hour of administration (980 mcg/L in children). Food does not affect the extent of absorption, but it may slightly reduce the rate. Peak blood levels 0.3 micrograms/ml are reached between thirty & sixty minutes after administration of 10 mg dose of Cetirizine. Its plasma half-life is approximately 11 hours. Absorption is very consistent from one subject to the next. Its renal clearance is 30 ml/minute and the excretion half-life is approximately nine hours.

DosageView

Adults and Children 6 years and older: 1 tablet or 2 teaspoonfuls daily (or 1 teaspoonful twice daily).

Children 2-6 years: 1 teaspoonful once daily or 1/2 teaspoonful twice daily.

Children 6 months to 2 years : 1/2 teaspoonful once daily. The dose in children 12-23 months of age can be increased to a maximum dose as 1/2 teaspoonful every 12 hours.

Side effectsView

The most common side effects that occurred more frequently on Cetirizine is somnolence.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cetirizine or hydroxyzine.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised when driving a car or operating a heavy machinery.

InteractionsView

No clinically significant drug interactions have been found with Theophylline, Azithromycin, Pseudoephedrine, Ketoconazole or Erythromycin and with other drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA Pregnancy Category of Cetirizine Hydrochloride is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cetirizine Hydrochloride has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cetirizine Hydrochloride is administered to a nursing woman.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Cetirizine

Cetirizine Hydrochloride

Syrup 5 mg/5 ml Allopathic Sedating Anti-histamine

Indications

Urticaria

Indication detailsView

It is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis. It is also indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergen induced asthma.

Therapeutic classView

Sedating Anti-histamine

PharmacologyView

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a potent H1 receptor antagonist without any significant anticholinergic and antiserotonic effects. At pharmacologically active dose levels, it has almost no drowsiness effect and does not cause behavioral changes. It inhibits the histamine-mediated early phase of the allergic reaction and also reduces the migration of inflammatory cells and the release of mediators associated with the late phase of the allergic reaction.

Pharmacokinetics: Cetirizine 10 mg achieves peak plasma concentrations of 257 mcg/L within one hour of administration (980 mcg/L in children). Food does not affect the extent of absorption, but it may slightly reduce the rate. Peak blood levels 0.3 micrograms/ml are reached between thirty & sixty minutes after administration of 10 mg dose of Cetirizine. Its plasma half-life is approximately 11 hours. Absorption is very consistent from one subject to the next. Its renal clearance is 30 ml/minute and the excretion half-life is approximately nine hours.

DosageView

Adults and Children 6 years and older: 1 tablet or 2 teaspoonfuls daily (or 1 teaspoonful twice daily).

Children 2-6 years: 1 teaspoonful once daily or 1/2 teaspoonful twice daily.

Children 6 months to 2 years : 1/2 teaspoonful once daily. The dose in children 12-23 months of age can be increased to a maximum dose as 1/2 teaspoonful every 12 hours.

Side effectsView

The most common side effects that occurred more frequently on Cetirizine is somnolence.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cetirizine or hydroxyzine.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised when driving a car or operating a heavy machinery.

InteractionsView

No clinically significant drug interactions have been found with Theophylline, Azithromycin, Pseudoephedrine, Ketoconazole or Erythromycin and with other drugs.

Pregnancy & lactationView

US FDA Pregnancy Category of Cetirizine Hydrochloride is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cetirizine Hydrochloride has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cetirizine Hydrochloride is administered to a nursing woman.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Ointment 1% Allopathic Macrolides

Indications

Whipple’s disease

Indication detailsView

Chloramphenicol is indicated for the treatment of ocular infections involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible organisms. Such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, H. influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp, Moraxella lacunata, and Neisseria species.

Therapeutic classView

Ear Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Eye Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Macrolides

PharmacologyView

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic which acts through the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with the transfer of activated amino acids from soluble RNA to ribosomes.

DosageView

Adult and Children: Instill 1 or 2 drops in the conjunctival sac 4-6 times per day for the first 72 hours and then every 4 hours thereafter. Treatment should be continued for approximately 7 days, but should not be continued for more than 3 weeks without re-evaluation by the physician.

Side effectsView

The systemic adverse reaction has not been observed within short-term topical use of Chloramphenicol. The most frequently reported adverse reactions have been burning, stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blood dyscrasia, allergic or inflammatory reactions, vesicular and maculopapular dermatitis.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any ingredients of the preparation.

PrecautionsView

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution should never be given for minor infections or for prophylaxis. Repeated course and prolonged treatment should be avoided. Blood dyscrasias (granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and moderate anaemia) may occur after prolonged ophthalmic use.

InteractionsView

Chymotrypsin may be inhibited if given simultaneously with Chloramphenicol.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Therefore, use only when considered essential by the physicians.

Overdose effectsView

Accidental ingestion of the medicine is unlikely to cause any toxicity due to low content of antibiotic.

StorageView

Store in a cool (between 2°C-8°C) and dry place, protect from light, keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to the surface since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of the first opening.

G-Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Solution 0.50% Allopathic Macrolides

Indications

Whipple’s disease

Indication detailsView

Chloramphenicol is indicated for the treatment of ocular infections involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible organisms. Such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, H. influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp, Moraxella lacunata, and Neisseria species.

Therapeutic classView

Ear Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Eye Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics, Macrolides

PharmacologyView

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic which acts through the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with the transfer of activated amino acids from soluble RNA to ribosomes.

DosageView

Adult and Children: Instill 1 or 2 drops in the conjunctival sac 4-6 times per day for the first 72 hours and then every 4 hours thereafter. Treatment should be continued for approximately 7 days, but should not be continued for more than 3 weeks without re-evaluation by the physician.

Side effectsView

The systemic adverse reaction has not been observed within short-term topical use of Chloramphenicol. The most frequently reported adverse reactions have been burning, stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blood dyscrasia, allergic or inflammatory reactions, vesicular and maculopapular dermatitis.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any ingredients of the preparation.

PrecautionsView

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution should never be given for minor infections or for prophylaxis. Repeated course and prolonged treatment should be avoided. Blood dyscrasias (granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and moderate anaemia) may occur after prolonged ophthalmic use.

InteractionsView

Chymotrypsin may be inhibited if given simultaneously with Chloramphenicol.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Therefore, use only when considered essential by the physicians.

Overdose effectsView

Accidental ingestion of the medicine is unlikely to cause any toxicity due to low content of antibiotic.

StorageView

Store in a cool (between 2°C-8°C) and dry place, protect from light, keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to the surface since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of the first opening.

G-Chloroquine

Chloroquine Phosphate

Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Anti-malarial drugs

Indications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Indication detailsView

Chloroquine Phosphate is indicated in the following cases:

Treatment of malaria
Prophylaxis and suppression of malaria
Treatment of amoebic hepatitis and abscess
Treatment of discoid and systemic and systemic lupus erythematosus
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Therapeutic classView

Anti-malarial drugs

PharmacologyView

Chloroquine is used for malarial prophylaxis (as a suppressive) and in managing acute attacks of malaria. It is highly active against erythrocytic forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. It influences Hb digestion by increasing intravesicular pH in malaria parasite cells and interferes with the nucleoprotein synthesis of the patient. It is also effective in extra intestinal amoebiasis. In RA chloroquine and more effectively hydroxychloroquine have a disease-modifying effect.

DosageView

Treatment of Malaria-

Partially immune adults:

A single dose of 4 tablets. In severe attacks, the dosage schedule for non-immune adults should be adopted.

Partially immune children:

Under 1 year: 1-2 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-3 years: 3-4 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-6 years: 4-6 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
6-9 years: 6-9 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)

In severe attacks, the dosage schedule for non-immune children should be adopted.

Non-immune adults:

P. falciparum infections: 4 tablets initially, 2 tablets after 6 to 8 hours and then 2 tablets per day for 2 days
P. vivax group infections: A single dose of four tablets followed by a course of treatment with primaquine phosphate (15 mg base daily for fourteen days)

Non-immune Children:

Under 1 year:

1-2 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

1-3 years:

3-4 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-2 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

3-6 years:

4-6 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
2-3 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

6-9 years :

6-9 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-5 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

Prophylaxis and suppression of Malaria-

Adults: 2 tablets taken once a week, on the same day each week, during exposure to risk and continued for 6 weeks after leaving the malarious area.

Children (Syrup): The following doses should be taken once a week, on the same day each week, during exposure to risk and continued for 6 weeks after leaving the malarious area.

Under 1 year: 1 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-3 years: 2 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-6 years: 2-3 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
6-9 years: 3-5 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)

Children (Tablets): For practical purpose, children over 12 years may be treated as adults and for those below this age, the following proportions may be applied.

Under 1 year: ⅛ adult dose (¼ tablet)
1-4 years: ¼ adult dose (½ tablet)
4-8 years: ½ adult dose (1 tablet)
8-12 years: ¾ adult dose (1.5 tablet)

Side effectsView

Choroquine is well tolerated at the standard dosage regimens, side effects such as headache and gastrointestinal disturbances which may occur are not of a serious nature. Where prolonged high dose is required side effects can be of greater severity and patients may develop skin eruptions, occasional depigmentation or loss of hair, difficulty in accommodation, blurring of vision. Corneal opacities disappear completely when the drug is stopped. Rarely thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia have been reported.

The most serious toxic hazard of prolonged therapy with doses is the occasional development of irreversible retinal damage. For this reason considerable caution is needed in the use of choroquine for long-term high dosage therapy and such use should only be considered when no other drug is available. Defects in visual accommodation may occur on first taking choloquine and patients should be warned regarding driving or operating machinery.

ContraindicationsView

There is no absolute contraindication to the use of chloroquine.

PrecautionsView

Caution is necessary when giving choroquine to patients with porphyria who also have hepatic dysfunction or cirrhosis as the drug may precipitate severe constitutional symptoms and an increase in the amount of porphyrins excreted in the urine. This reaction is especially apparent in alcoholics. Patients receiving choloquine continuously at higher dose levels for a period longer than 12 months or at weekly intervals for a period of more than 3 years as prophylactic against malaria (or the consumption exceeds 1.6 g/Kg) should undergo ophthalmic examination at three months interval.

InteractionsView

Concomitant therapy with phenylbutazone predisposes to dermatitis, antagonises effect of neostigmine and pyridostigmine, reduces bioavailability of ampicillin. Cimetidine inhibits metabolism of chloroquine raising plasma levels.

Pregnancy & lactationView

As with all other drugs, the use of choroquine during pregnancy should be avoided if possible, unless in the case of threatening infections, in the judgment of the physician, when the potential benefit outweighs the risk.

Pediatric usageView

Amoebic hepatitis: Four tablets daily for two days followed by one tablet twice daily for two or three weeks.

Lupus erythomatosus: One tablet twice daily for one to two weeks followed by a maintenance dose of one tablet daily.

StorageView

Store at room temperature in a dry place, away from light.

G-Chloroquine

Chloroquine Phosphate

Syrup 80 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anti-malarial drugs

Indications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Indication detailsView

Chloroquine Phosphate is indicated in the following cases:

Treatment of malaria
Prophylaxis and suppression of malaria
Treatment of amoebic hepatitis and abscess
Treatment of discoid and systemic and systemic lupus erythematosus
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Therapeutic classView

Anti-malarial drugs

PharmacologyView

Chloroquine is used for malarial prophylaxis (as a suppressive) and in managing acute attacks of malaria. It is highly active against erythrocytic forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. It influences Hb digestion by increasing intravesicular pH in malaria parasite cells and interferes with the nucleoprotein synthesis of the patient. It is also effective in extra intestinal amoebiasis. In RA chloroquine and more effectively hydroxychloroquine have a disease-modifying effect.

DosageView

Treatment of Malaria-

Partially immune adults:

A single dose of 4 tablets. In severe attacks, the dosage schedule for non-immune adults should be adopted.

Partially immune children:

Under 1 year: 1-2 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-3 years: 3-4 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-6 years: 4-6 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
6-9 years: 6-9 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)

In severe attacks, the dosage schedule for non-immune children should be adopted.

Non-immune adults:

P. falciparum infections: 4 tablets initially, 2 tablets after 6 to 8 hours and then 2 tablets per day for 2 days
P. vivax group infections: A single dose of four tablets followed by a course of treatment with primaquine phosphate (15 mg base daily for fourteen days)

Non-immune Children:

Under 1 year:

1-2 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

1-3 years:

3-4 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-2 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

3-6 years:

4-6 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
2-3 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

6-9 years :

6-9 initial dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-5 dose to be taken 6 hours later and then daily for 2 days (in 5 ml spoonful)

Prophylaxis and suppression of Malaria-

Adults: 2 tablets taken once a week, on the same day each week, during exposure to risk and continued for 6 weeks after leaving the malarious area.

Children (Syrup): The following doses should be taken once a week, on the same day each week, during exposure to risk and continued for 6 weeks after leaving the malarious area.

Under 1 year: 1 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
1-3 years: 2 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
3-6 years: 2-3 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)
6-9 years: 3-5 single dose (in 5 ml spoonful)

Children (Tablets): For practical purpose, children over 12 years may be treated as adults and for those below this age, the following proportions may be applied.

Under 1 year: ⅛ adult dose (¼ tablet)
1-4 years: ¼ adult dose (½ tablet)
4-8 years: ½ adult dose (1 tablet)
8-12 years: ¾ adult dose (1.5 tablet)

Side effectsView

Choroquine is well tolerated at the standard dosage regimens, side effects such as headache and gastrointestinal disturbances which may occur are not of a serious nature. Where prolonged high dose is required side effects can be of greater severity and patients may develop skin eruptions, occasional depigmentation or loss of hair, difficulty in accommodation, blurring of vision. Corneal opacities disappear completely when the drug is stopped. Rarely thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia have been reported.

The most serious toxic hazard of prolonged therapy with doses is the occasional development of irreversible retinal damage. For this reason considerable caution is needed in the use of choroquine for long-term high dosage therapy and such use should only be considered when no other drug is available. Defects in visual accommodation may occur on first taking choloquine and patients should be warned regarding driving or operating machinery.

ContraindicationsView

There is no absolute contraindication to the use of chloroquine.

PrecautionsView

Caution is necessary when giving choroquine to patients with porphyria who also have hepatic dysfunction or cirrhosis as the drug may precipitate severe constitutional symptoms and an increase in the amount of porphyrins excreted in the urine. This reaction is especially apparent in alcoholics. Patients receiving choloquine continuously at higher dose levels for a period longer than 12 months or at weekly intervals for a period of more than 3 years as prophylactic against malaria (or the consumption exceeds 1.6 g/Kg) should undergo ophthalmic examination at three months interval.

InteractionsView

Concomitant therapy with phenylbutazone predisposes to dermatitis, antagonises effect of neostigmine and pyridostigmine, reduces bioavailability of ampicillin. Cimetidine inhibits metabolism of chloroquine raising plasma levels.

Pregnancy & lactationView

As with all other drugs, the use of choroquine during pregnancy should be avoided if possible, unless in the case of threatening infections, in the judgment of the physician, when the potential benefit outweighs the risk.

Pediatric usageView

Amoebic hepatitis: Four tablets daily for two days followed by one tablet twice daily for two or three weeks.

Lupus erythomatosus: One tablet twice daily for one to two weeks followed by a maintenance dose of one tablet daily.

StorageView

Store at room temperature in a dry place, away from light.

G-Cipro

Ciprofloxacin (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Solution 0.30% Allopathic Aural Anti-bacterial preparations

Indications

Superficial ophthalmic infections

Indication detailsView

Ciprofloxacin 0.3% Eye/Ear Drops is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below:

Corneal Ulcers: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is also indicated in the treatment of keratitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, dacryocistitis, prophylaxis of ocular infections due to Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia trachomatis, prevention of ocular infections after removal of a corneal or physical agent before or after ocular surgery.
Ear: Otitis externa, acute otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media. Prophylaxis in otic surgeries such as mastoid surgery.

Therapeutic classView

Aural Anti-bacterial preparations, Ophthalmic antibacterial drugs

PharmacologyView

Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for intravenous administration. The bactericidal action of Ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.

DosageView

Corneal ulcers: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of corneal ulcers is two drops into the affected eye every 15 minutes for the first 6 hours and then two drops into the affected eye every 30 minutes for the remainder of the first day. On the second day, instill 2 drops in the affected eye hourly. On the third through the fourteenth day, place two drops in the affected eye every four hours. Treatment may be continued after 14 days if corneal re-epithelization has not been occurred.

Bacterial conjunctivitis: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is one or two drops instilled into the conjunctival sac(s) every two hours while awake for two days and one or two drops every four hours while awake for the next five days.

Ear infections: For all infections, 2-3 drops every 2-3 hours initially, reducing the frequency of the instillation with control of infection. Treatment should be continued at least 7 days.

Side effectsView

Local burning or discomfort, itching, foreign body sensation, crystalline precipitates, lid margin crusting, conjunctival hyperemia and a bad taste following administration. Photophobia and nausea may be reported.

ContraindicationsView

Hypersensitivity to quinolone group of antibacterials or any of the components of the formulation.

PrecautionsView

Prolonged ocular use of Ciprofloxacin may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. Ciprofloxacin should be discontinued at the first appearance of a skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity reaction.

InteractionsView

Specific drug interaction studies have not been observed with ophthalmic Ciprofloxacin.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Do not use unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risk during pregnancy. It is not known whether excretion in human milk occurs following topical ophthalmic administration. Caution should be exercised in the nursing mothers.

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in children under 1 year of age have not been established.

Overdose effectsView

A topical overdose may be flushed from the eye/s with warm tap water.

StorageView

Store below 30° C in a cool and dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to surfaces since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of first opening.

G-Cipro

Ciprofloxacin

IV Infusion 200 mg/100 ml Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.

Therapeutic classView

4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

PharmacologyView

Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.

DosageView

Tablet: Adult:

Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.

Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

For IV infusion:

Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.

AdministrationView

Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-

Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
Close flow control clamp of administration set.
Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
Suspend bag from hanger.
Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp

Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.

Side effectsView

Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.

PrecautionsView

Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.

InteractionsView

Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.

Pregnancy & lactationView

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.

Pediatric usageView

Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.

Overdose effectsView

Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Cipro

Ciprofloxacin

Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.

Therapeutic classView

4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

PharmacologyView

Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.

DosageView

Tablet: Adult:

Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.

Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

For IV infusion:

Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.

AdministrationView

Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-

Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
Close flow control clamp of administration set.
Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
Suspend bag from hanger.
Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp

Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.

Side effectsView

Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.

PrecautionsView

Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.

InteractionsView

Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.

Pregnancy & lactationView

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.

Pediatric usageView

Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.

Overdose effectsView

Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

G-Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin Sodium

Capsule 500 mg Allopathic Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Indications

UTI caused by Staphylococcus Aureus

Indication detailsView

গ্রাম-পজিটিভ জীবাণু দ্বারা সৃষ্ট সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন নির্দেশিত। পেনিসিলিনেজ উৎপাদনক্ষম স্টেফাইলোকক্কাই জনিত সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায়ও এটি নির্দেশিত। এ জাতীয় সংক্রমণের মধ্যে রয়েছেঃ

স্কিন ও সফ্‌ট টিস্যু সংক্রমণ: ফোঁড়া (boils), পূজাশয় (abscess), কার্বাংকল, ফারানকুলোসিস, সেলুলাইটিস, সংক্রমিত ক্ষত (infected wounds), সংক্রমিত পোড়া (infected burns), ত্বক প্রতিস্থাপন প্রতিরক্ষা (protection for skin grafts), ত্বকের বিভিন্ন সংক্রমণ যেমন আলসার, একজিমা ও একনি।

রেসপিরেটরী ট্র্যাক্ট, নাক, কান ও গলার সংক্রমণ: নিউমোনিয়া, ফুসফুসের পূজাশয় (lung abscess), এমপায়েমা, সাইনোসাইটিস, ফ্যারিনজাইটিস, টনসিলাইটিস, কুইনসি, অটাইটিস মিডিয়া ও এক্সটারণা।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন-সংবেদনশীল (sensitive), জীবাণু জনিত অন্যান্য সংক্রমণ: অসটিওমায়েলাইটিস, এনটেরাইটিস, এনডোকারডাইটিস, ইউরিনারী ট্র্যাক্ট সংক্রমণ ও সেপটিসেমিয়া।

Therapeutic classView

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

DosageView

প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে চার বার আহারের আধা থেকে এক ঘন্টা আগে।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর।
শিরাপথে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর। প্রয়োজনবোধে উপরোল্লিখিত মাত্রাকে দ্বিগুণ করা যেতে পারে।
প্লুরাল কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।
জয়েন্ট কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।

শিশুদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ২ থেকে ১০ বৎসর পর্যন্ত- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার অর্ধেক। ২ বৎসরের নীচে- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার এক-চতুর্থাংশ।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ১.৫ মিলি কিংবা ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ২ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজেকশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে।
শিরাপথে ইনজকেশন হিসাবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫-১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে। এরপর এই দ্রবণকে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে শরীরে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজকেশনকে ইনফিউশন উপযোগী যে কোন তরলে মিশিয়ে দেয়া যায় অথবা যথাযথ ভাবে হালকা করে ড্রপি টউিবে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে প্রয়োগ করা যায়।
প্লুরাল কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫ থেকে ১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।
জয়েন্টে কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে অনধকি ৫ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি অথবা ০.৫% লিগনোকেইন হাইড্রোক্লোরাইড দ্রবণ মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।

Side effectsView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়া অন্যান্য পেনিসিলিনের মতই। এগুলো সাধারণতঃ মৃদু ও ক্ষণস্থায়ী হয়ে থাকে। এই সমস্ত পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ার মধ্যে রয়েছে জ্বর, ডায়রিয়া, অজীর্ণ (indigestion), র‍্যাশ-আরটিকারিয়েল অথবা ইরিথিমেটাস জাতীয়। যে কোন ধরণের র‍্যাশে রোগীকে এ ওষুধ দেয়া বন্ধ করতে হবে।

ContraindicationsView

পেনিসিলিনে অতি-সংবেদনশীল (hypersensitive) রোগীদের ক্ষেত্রে ক্লক্সাসিলিন প্রয়োগ নিষিদ্ধ।

PrecautionsView

যে সব রোগীর এলার্জির পূর্ব ইতিহাস আছে তাদের বেলায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন সতর্কতার সাথে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন সাব-কনজাংটিভাল ইনজেকশন হিসেবে অথবা চোখের ড্রপস হিসেবে দেয়া যাবে না।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন সিরাপ ও ড্রপস ব্যবহরের আগে তাৎক্ষনিকভাবে তৈরী করে ঠাণ্ডা স্থানে (সম্ভব হলে রেফ্রিজারেটরে) রাখতে হবে। সংমিশ্রিত সিরাপ ও ড্রপস সাধারণ তাপমাত্রায় রাখলে পাঁচ দিনের মধ্যে অথবা রেফ্রিজারেটরে রাখলে সাত দিনের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। মাংসপেশীতে বা শিরাপথে প্রয়োগের জন্য প্রস্তুতকৃত ক্লক্সাসিলিন দ্রবণ তৈরীর ৩০ মিনিটের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। অবশ্য ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর জলীয় দ্রবণ স্বাভাবিক তাপমাত্রায় (২৫° সেঃ) অনধিক ২৪ ঘন্টা পর্যন্ত কার্যকর থাকে।

শিরাপথের প্রয়োগোপযোগী অধিকাংশ তরলের সাথেই ক্লক্সাসিলিন মেশানো যায়। তবে কখনোই আমিষ জাতীয় তরল (যেমন প্রোটিন হাইড্রোলাইসেটস) এর সাথে মেশানো যাবে না।

StorageView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর সকল ডোসেজ ফরমকে ঠান্ডা ও শুকনো স্থানে রাখতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজেকশন ভায়ালকে অনধিক ২৫° সেঃ তাপমাত্রায় সংরক্ষণ করুন।

G-Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin Sodium

Injection 500 mg/vial Allopathic Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Indications

UTI caused by Staphylococcus Aureus

Indication detailsView

গ্রাম-পজিটিভ জীবাণু দ্বারা সৃষ্ট সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন নির্দেশিত। পেনিসিলিনেজ উৎপাদনক্ষম স্টেফাইলোকক্কাই জনিত সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায়ও এটি নির্দেশিত। এ জাতীয় সংক্রমণের মধ্যে রয়েছেঃ

স্কিন ও সফ্‌ট টিস্যু সংক্রমণ: ফোঁড়া (boils), পূজাশয় (abscess), কার্বাংকল, ফারানকুলোসিস, সেলুলাইটিস, সংক্রমিত ক্ষত (infected wounds), সংক্রমিত পোড়া (infected burns), ত্বক প্রতিস্থাপন প্রতিরক্ষা (protection for skin grafts), ত্বকের বিভিন্ন সংক্রমণ যেমন আলসার, একজিমা ও একনি।

রেসপিরেটরী ট্র্যাক্ট, নাক, কান ও গলার সংক্রমণ: নিউমোনিয়া, ফুসফুসের পূজাশয় (lung abscess), এমপায়েমা, সাইনোসাইটিস, ফ্যারিনজাইটিস, টনসিলাইটিস, কুইনসি, অটাইটিস মিডিয়া ও এক্সটারণা।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন-সংবেদনশীল (sensitive), জীবাণু জনিত অন্যান্য সংক্রমণ: অসটিওমায়েলাইটিস, এনটেরাইটিস, এনডোকারডাইটিস, ইউরিনারী ট্র্যাক্ট সংক্রমণ ও সেপটিসেমিয়া।

Therapeutic classView

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

DosageView

প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে চার বার আহারের আধা থেকে এক ঘন্টা আগে।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর।
শিরাপথে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর। প্রয়োজনবোধে উপরোল্লিখিত মাত্রাকে দ্বিগুণ করা যেতে পারে।
প্লুরাল কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।
জয়েন্ট কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।

শিশুদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ২ থেকে ১০ বৎসর পর্যন্ত- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার অর্ধেক। ২ বৎসরের নীচে- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার এক-চতুর্থাংশ।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ১.৫ মিলি কিংবা ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ২ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজেকশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে।
শিরাপথে ইনজকেশন হিসাবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫-১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে। এরপর এই দ্রবণকে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে শরীরে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজকেশনকে ইনফিউশন উপযোগী যে কোন তরলে মিশিয়ে দেয়া যায় অথবা যথাযথ ভাবে হালকা করে ড্রপি টউিবে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে প্রয়োগ করা যায়।
প্লুরাল কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫ থেকে ১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।
জয়েন্টে কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে অনধকি ৫ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি অথবা ০.৫% লিগনোকেইন হাইড্রোক্লোরাইড দ্রবণ মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।

Side effectsView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়া অন্যান্য পেনিসিলিনের মতই। এগুলো সাধারণতঃ মৃদু ও ক্ষণস্থায়ী হয়ে থাকে। এই সমস্ত পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ার মধ্যে রয়েছে জ্বর, ডায়রিয়া, অজীর্ণ (indigestion), র‍্যাশ-আরটিকারিয়েল অথবা ইরিথিমেটাস জাতীয়। যে কোন ধরণের র‍্যাশে রোগীকে এ ওষুধ দেয়া বন্ধ করতে হবে।

ContraindicationsView

পেনিসিলিনে অতি-সংবেদনশীল (hypersensitive) রোগীদের ক্ষেত্রে ক্লক্সাসিলিন প্রয়োগ নিষিদ্ধ।

PrecautionsView

যে সব রোগীর এলার্জির পূর্ব ইতিহাস আছে তাদের বেলায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন সতর্কতার সাথে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন সাব-কনজাংটিভাল ইনজেকশন হিসেবে অথবা চোখের ড্রপস হিসেবে দেয়া যাবে না।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন সিরাপ ও ড্রপস ব্যবহরের আগে তাৎক্ষনিকভাবে তৈরী করে ঠাণ্ডা স্থানে (সম্ভব হলে রেফ্রিজারেটরে) রাখতে হবে। সংমিশ্রিত সিরাপ ও ড্রপস সাধারণ তাপমাত্রায় রাখলে পাঁচ দিনের মধ্যে অথবা রেফ্রিজারেটরে রাখলে সাত দিনের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। মাংসপেশীতে বা শিরাপথে প্রয়োগের জন্য প্রস্তুতকৃত ক্লক্সাসিলিন দ্রবণ তৈরীর ৩০ মিনিটের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। অবশ্য ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর জলীয় দ্রবণ স্বাভাবিক তাপমাত্রায় (২৫° সেঃ) অনধিক ২৪ ঘন্টা পর্যন্ত কার্যকর থাকে।

শিরাপথের প্রয়োগোপযোগী অধিকাংশ তরলের সাথেই ক্লক্সাসিলিন মেশানো যায়। তবে কখনোই আমিষ জাতীয় তরল (যেমন প্রোটিন হাইড্রোলাইসেটস) এর সাথে মেশানো যাবে না।

StorageView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর সকল ডোসেজ ফরমকে ঠান্ডা ও শুকনো স্থানে রাখতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজেকশন ভায়ালকে অনধিক ২৫° সেঃ তাপমাত্রায় সংরক্ষণ করুন।

G-Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin Sodium

Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Indications

UTI caused by Staphylococcus Aureus

Indication detailsView

গ্রাম-পজিটিভ জীবাণু দ্বারা সৃষ্ট সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন নির্দেশিত। পেনিসিলিনেজ উৎপাদনক্ষম স্টেফাইলোকক্কাই জনিত সংক্রমণের চিকিৎসায়ও এটি নির্দেশিত। এ জাতীয় সংক্রমণের মধ্যে রয়েছেঃ

স্কিন ও সফ্‌ট টিস্যু সংক্রমণ: ফোঁড়া (boils), পূজাশয় (abscess), কার্বাংকল, ফারানকুলোসিস, সেলুলাইটিস, সংক্রমিত ক্ষত (infected wounds), সংক্রমিত পোড়া (infected burns), ত্বক প্রতিস্থাপন প্রতিরক্ষা (protection for skin grafts), ত্বকের বিভিন্ন সংক্রমণ যেমন আলসার, একজিমা ও একনি।

রেসপিরেটরী ট্র্যাক্ট, নাক, কান ও গলার সংক্রমণ: নিউমোনিয়া, ফুসফুসের পূজাশয় (lung abscess), এমপায়েমা, সাইনোসাইটিস, ফ্যারিনজাইটিস, টনসিলাইটিস, কুইনসি, অটাইটিস মিডিয়া ও এক্সটারণা।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন-সংবেদনশীল (sensitive), জীবাণু জনিত অন্যান্য সংক্রমণ: অসটিওমায়েলাইটিস, এনটেরাইটিস, এনডোকারডাইটিস, ইউরিনারী ট্র্যাক্ট সংক্রমণ ও সেপটিসেমিয়া।

Therapeutic classView

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

DosageView

প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে চার বার আহারের আধা থেকে এক ঘন্টা আগে।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর।
শিরাপথে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা চার থেকে ছয় ঘন্টা পর পর। প্রয়োজনবোধে উপরোল্লিখিত মাত্রাকে দ্বিগুণ করা যেতে পারে।
প্লুরাল কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।
জয়েন্ট কেভিটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা দিনে এক বার।

শিশুদের প্রচলিত মাত্রা-
খাওয়ার জন্য: ২ থেকে ১০ বৎসর পর্যন্ত- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার অর্ধেক। ২ বৎসরের নীচে- প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মাত্রার এক-চতুর্থাংশ।
ইনজেকশন হিসেবে:

মাংসপেশীতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ২৫০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ১.৫ মিলি কিংবা ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ২ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজেকশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে।
শিরাপথে ইনজকেশন হিসাবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫-১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করতে হবে। এরপর এই দ্রবণকে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে শরীরে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজকেশনকে ইনফিউশন উপযোগী যে কোন তরলে মিশিয়ে দেয়া যায় অথবা যথাযথ ভাবে হালকা করে ড্রপি টউিবে তিন থেকে চার মিনিট ধরে ধীরে ধীরে প্রয়োগ করা যায়।
প্লুরাল কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে ৫ থেকে ১০ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।
জয়েন্টে কেভেটিতে ইনজেকশন হিসেবে: ৫০০ মিগ্রা এর সাথে অনধকি ৫ মিলি ওয়াটার ফর ইনজকেশন বিপি অথবা ০.৫% লিগনোকেইন হাইড্রোক্লোরাইড দ্রবণ মিশিয়ে দ্রবীভূত করে প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।

Side effectsView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়া অন্যান্য পেনিসিলিনের মতই। এগুলো সাধারণতঃ মৃদু ও ক্ষণস্থায়ী হয়ে থাকে। এই সমস্ত পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ার মধ্যে রয়েছে জ্বর, ডায়রিয়া, অজীর্ণ (indigestion), র‍্যাশ-আরটিকারিয়েল অথবা ইরিথিমেটাস জাতীয়। যে কোন ধরণের র‍্যাশে রোগীকে এ ওষুধ দেয়া বন্ধ করতে হবে।

ContraindicationsView

পেনিসিলিনে অতি-সংবেদনশীল (hypersensitive) রোগীদের ক্ষেত্রে ক্লক্সাসিলিন প্রয়োগ নিষিদ্ধ।

PrecautionsView

যে সব রোগীর এলার্জির পূর্ব ইতিহাস আছে তাদের বেলায় ক্লক্সাসিলিন সতর্কতার সাথে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন সাব-কনজাংটিভাল ইনজেকশন হিসেবে অথবা চোখের ড্রপস হিসেবে দেয়া যাবে না।

ক্লক্সাসিলিন সিরাপ ও ড্রপস ব্যবহরের আগে তাৎক্ষনিকভাবে তৈরী করে ঠাণ্ডা স্থানে (সম্ভব হলে রেফ্রিজারেটরে) রাখতে হবে। সংমিশ্রিত সিরাপ ও ড্রপস সাধারণ তাপমাত্রায় রাখলে পাঁচ দিনের মধ্যে অথবা রেফ্রিজারেটরে রাখলে সাত দিনের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। মাংসপেশীতে বা শিরাপথে প্রয়োগের জন্য প্রস্তুতকৃত ক্লক্সাসিলিন দ্রবণ তৈরীর ৩০ মিনিটের মধ্যে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। অবশ্য ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর জলীয় দ্রবণ স্বাভাবিক তাপমাত্রায় (২৫° সেঃ) অনধিক ২৪ ঘন্টা পর্যন্ত কার্যকর থাকে।

শিরাপথের প্রয়োগোপযোগী অধিকাংশ তরলের সাথেই ক্লক্সাসিলিন মেশানো যায়। তবে কখনোই আমিষ জাতীয় তরল (যেমন প্রোটিন হাইড্রোলাইসেটস) এর সাথে মেশানো যাবে না।

StorageView

ক্লক্সাসিলিন এর সকল ডোসেজ ফরমকে ঠান্ডা ও শুকনো স্থানে রাখতে হবে। ক্লক্সাসিলিন ইনজেকশন ভায়ালকে অনধিক ২৫° সেঃ তাপমাত্রায় সংরক্ষণ করুন।

G-Co-Aspirin

Clopidogrel + Aspirin

Tablet 75 mg+75 mg Allopathic Anti-platelet drugs

Indications

Transient ischemic attack

Indication detailsView

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): It is indicated to reduce the rate of Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS [unstable angina (UA)/non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)] and acute ST-segment elevation ACS [ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)].

Recent MI, recent Stroke, or established Peripheral Arterial Disease: In patients with established peripheral arterial disease or with a history of recent Myocardial Infarction (MI) or recent Stroke it is indicated to reduce the rate of MI and Stroke.

Therapeutic classView

Anti-platelet drugs

PharmacologyView

Clopidogrel is a prodrug. It inhibits platelet activation and aggregation through the irreversible binding of its active metabolite to the P2Y12 class of ADP receptors on platelets. Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation can be seen at 2 hours after single oral doses. Repeated doses of 75 mg per day inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation on the first day, and inhibition reaches steady state between Day 3 and Day 7.

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase and thus inhibiting the generation of thromboxane A2 a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

DosageView

The recommended oral dose is one tablet daily.

Side effectsView

This combination is generally well tolerated.

ContraindicationsView

This combination is contraindicated in the following conditions: Hypersensitivity to the drug substance or any component of the product. Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage.

PrecautionsView

This combination may prolongs the bleeding time.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): TTP has been reported rarely following use of this combination.
Reye's syndrome: Reye's syndrome may develop in individuals who have chicken pox, influenza or flu symptoms. Hypersensitivity including rash, angioedema or hematologic reaction has been reported in patients receiving this combination or history of hypersensitivity to other thienopyridines

InteractionsView

Oral anticoagulants, NSAIDs, Metamizole, SSRIs, CYP2C19 inhibitors increase the risk of bleeding. It shows interaction with Tonofovir, Valproic acid, Varicella vaccine, Acetazolamide and Nicorandil.

Pregnancy & lactationView

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during first and second trimesters of pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy. It is unknown whether Clopidogrel is excreted in human breast milk but Aspirin is known to be excreted in human milk. This Drug should be discontinued during the breast feeding.

Pediatric usageView

It should not be given to children, particularly those under 12 years, unless the expected benefits outweight the possible risks. Aspirin may be a contributory factor in the causation of Reye’s syndrome in some children.

Overdose effectsView

Clopidogrel overdose may lead to bleeding complications. Based on biological plausibility, platelet transfusion may restore clotting ability. In moderate aspirin intoxication dizziness, headache, tinnitus, confusion, and gastrointestinal symptoms may occur which can be treated by inducing vomiting followed by gastric lavage if needed. In severe Aspirin intoxication respiratory alkalosis respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, perspiration, dehydration can occur. It can be treated with haemodialysis and other symptomatic treatment.

StorageView

Keep in a cool & dry place (below 30o C), protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

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Treatment of Malaria-Partially immune adults:

Partially immune children:

Non-immune adults:

Non-immune Children:

Prophylaxis and suppression of Malaria-

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Treatment of Malaria-Partially immune adults:

Partially immune children:

Non-immune adults:

Non-immune Children:

Prophylaxis and suppression of Malaria-

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Treatment of Malaria-

Partially immune adults:

Treatment of Malaria-

Partially immune adults: