Medicines
Find Medicines
Search 21,000+ medicines by brand, generic, indication, or drug class
Aloglip
Alogliptin Benzoate
Aloglip
Alogliptin Benzoate
Indications
Type 2 DM
Indication detailsView
Alogliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Therapeutic classView
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
PharmacologyView
Alogliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that slows the inactivation of the incretin hormones, thereby increasing their bloodstream concentrations and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in a glucose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increased concentrations of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released into the bloodstream from the small intestine in response to meals. These hormones cause insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner but are inactivated by the DPP-4 enzyme within minutes. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, reducing hepatic glucose production. In patients with type 2 diabetes, concentrations of GLP-1 are reduced but the insulin response to GLP-1 is preserved.
DosageView
The recommended dose in patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment is 25 mg once daily or as directed by the physicians.
Side effectsView
Common side effects are nasopharyngitis, headache and upper respiratory tract infection.
ContraindicationsView
History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to Alogliptin-containing products, such as anaphylaxis, angioedema or severe cutaneous adverse reactions.
PrecautionsView
Acute pancreatitis: If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly Alogliptin should be discontinued.
Hypersensitivity: There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with Alogliptin such as anaphylaxis, angioedema and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. In such cases, promptly Alogliptin should be discontinued.
Hepatic effects: Postmarketing reports of hepatic failure, sometimes fatal. Causality can not be excluded. If liver injury is detected, promptly interrupt Alogliptin and assess patient for probable cause, then treat cause if possible, to resolution or stabilization. Do not restart Alogliptin if liver injury is confirmed and no alternative etiology can be found.
Hypoglycemia: When an insulin secretagogue (e.g. sulfonylurea) or insulin is used in combination with Alogliptin, a lower dose of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required to minimize the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Macrovascular outcomes: There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with Alogliptin or any other antidiabetic drug.
Hypersensitivity: There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with Alogliptin such as anaphylaxis, angioedema and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. In such cases, promptly Alogliptin should be discontinued.
Hepatic effects: Postmarketing reports of hepatic failure, sometimes fatal. Causality can not be excluded. If liver injury is detected, promptly interrupt Alogliptin and assess patient for probable cause, then treat cause if possible, to resolution or stabilization. Do not restart Alogliptin if liver injury is confirmed and no alternative etiology can be found.
Hypoglycemia: When an insulin secretagogue (e.g. sulfonylurea) or insulin is used in combination with Alogliptin, a lower dose of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required to minimize the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Macrovascular outcomes: There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with Alogliptin or any other antidiabetic drug.
InteractionsView
Alogliptin is primarily renally excreted. Cytochrome (CYP) P450-related metabolism is negligible. No significant drug-drug interactions are observed with the CYP-substrates or inhibitors tested or with renally excreted drugs.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. No adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women have been conducted with Alogliptin. Alogliptin tablets should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known whether Alogliptintin is excreted in human milk. caution should be exercised when Alogliptin is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of Alogliptin in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use: Of the total number of patients (N=8507) in clinical safety and efficacy studies treated with Alogliptin, 2064 (24.3%) patients were 65 years and older and 341 (4%) patients were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years and over and younger patients. While this clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Hepatic Impairment: No dose adjustments are required in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Grade A and B) based on insignificant change in systemic exposures (e.g., AUC) compared to subjects with normal hepatic function in a pharmacokinetic study. Alogliptin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Grade C). Use caution when administering Alogliptin to patients with liver disease.
Patients with Renal Impairment:
Geriatric Use: Of the total number of patients (N=8507) in clinical safety and efficacy studies treated with Alogliptin, 2064 (24.3%) patients were 65 years and older and 341 (4%) patients were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years and over and younger patients. While this clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Hepatic Impairment: No dose adjustments are required in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Grade A and B) based on insignificant change in systemic exposures (e.g., AUC) compared to subjects with normal hepatic function in a pharmacokinetic study. Alogliptin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Grade C). Use caution when administering Alogliptin to patients with liver disease.
Patients with Renal Impairment:
- No dose adjustment of Alogliptin is necessary for patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min).
- The dose of Alogliptin is 12.5 mg once daily for patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥30 to <60 mL/min).
- The dose of Alogliptin is 6.25 mg once daily for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥15 to <30 mL/min) or with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (creatinine clearance <15 mL/min or requiring hemodialysis).
- Patients requiring hemodialysis can receive their dose of alogliptin without regard to the timing of the dialysis.
Overdose effectsView
The highest doses of Alogliptin administered in clinical trials were single doses of 800 mg to healthy subjects and doses of 400 mg once daily for 14 days to patients with type 2 diabetes (equivalent to 32 times and 16 times the maximum recommended clinical dose of 25 mg, respectively). No serious adverse events were observed at these doses. In the event of an overdose, it is reasonable to institute the necessary clinical monitoring and supportive therapy as dictated by the patient's clinical status. Per clinical judgment, it may be reasonable to initiate removal of unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract. Alogliptin is minimally dialyzable; over a 3-hour hemodialysis session, approximately 7% of the drug was removed. Therefore, hemodialysis is unlikely to be beneficial in an overdose situation. It is not known if Alogliptin is dialyzable by peritoneal dialysis.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alona
Aceclofenac
Alona
Aceclofenac
Indications
Spondylitis
Indication detailsView
Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
DosageView
Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.
Side effectsView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
ContraindicationsView
Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.
InteractionsView
No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
- Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
- Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
- Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
- Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
StorageView
keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alopin
Amlodipine Besilate
Alopin
Amlodipine Besilate
Indications
Stroke
Indication detailsView
Essential hypertension: Amlodipine is efficacious as monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension. It may be used in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Angina pectoris: Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris and is efficacious as monotherapy. It may be used in combination with other antianginal agents.
Vasospastic angina: Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal drugs.
Angina pectoris: Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris and is efficacious as monotherapy. It may be used in combination with other antianginal agents.
Vasospastic angina: Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal drugs.
Therapeutic classView
Calcium-channel blockers
PharmacologyView
Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, with a long duration of action, used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. Amlodipine influences the myocardial cells, the cells within the specialized conducting system of the heart, and the cells of vascular smooth muscle. Administration of Amlodipine results primarily in vasodilation, with reduced peripheral resistance, blood pressure and afterload, increased coronary blood flow and a reflex increase in coronary heart rate. This in turn results in an increase in myocardial oxygen supply and cardiac output.
DosageView
Hypertension: Usual dose is 5 mg once daily. The maximum dose is 10 mg once daily. Elderly patients with hepatic insufficiency may be started on 2.5 mg once daily; this dose may also be used when adding Amlodipine to other antihypertensive therapy.
Angina (Chronic stable or Vasospastic): 5 to 10 mg, using the lower dose for elderly and in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Most patients require 10 mg.
Administrations: May be taken without regard to meals.
Angina (Chronic stable or Vasospastic): 5 to 10 mg, using the lower dose for elderly and in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Most patients require 10 mg.
Administrations: May be taken without regard to meals.
Side effectsView
The most common adverse effects of amlodipine are associated with vasodilatory action, such as dizziness, flushing, headache, hypotension and peripheral edema. Gastrointestinal disturbances, increased micturition frequency, lethargy, eye pain and mental depression may also occur. A paradoxical increase in ischaemic chest pain may occur at the start of the treatment and in a few patients excessive fall in blood pressure has led to cerebral or myocardial ischaemia or transient blindness. Rashes, fever and abnormalities in liver function due to hypersensitivity reaction of Amlodipine may occur.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to dihydropyridine derivatives. Pregnant woman.
PrecautionsView
Precaution should be taken in patients with hepatic impairment and during pregnancy and breast feeding.
InteractionsView
Drug Interactions-
- Potentially hazardous interactions: Little or no data are available in patients with markedly impaired cardiac left ventricular function; however, as with other calcium antagonist drugs, the combination of Amlodipine and p-blockers should be avoided in such patients.
- Digoxin: Absence of any interaction between Amlodipine and Digoxin in healthy volunteers has been documented in a controlled clinical study.
- Cimetidine: An unpublished clinical study indicated no interaction between, Amlodipine and Cimetidine in healthy volunteers.
- Warfarin: An unpublished clinical study in healthy volunteers indicates that Amlodipine did not significantly alter the effect of Warfarin on prothrombin time.
- Food: Food does not alter the rate or extent of absorption of Amlodipine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Amlodipine in pregnant women. Amlodipine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether Amlodipine is excreted in human milk. In the absence of this information, it is recommended that nursing be discontinued while Amlodipine is administered.
Pediatric usageView
Children with hypertension from 6 years to 17 years of age: 2.5 mg once daily as a starting dose, up-titrated to 5 mg once daily if blood pressure goal is not achieved after 4 weeks. Doses in excess of 5 mg daily have not been studied in pediatric patients.
Children under 6 years old: The effect of amlodipine on blood pressure in patients less than 6 years of age is not known.
Elderly: Amlodipine used at similar doses in elderly or younger patients is equally well tolerated. Normal dosage regimens are recommended in the elderly, but increase of the dosage should take place with care.
Renal impairment: Changes in amlodipine plasma concentrations are not correlated with degree of renal impairment, therefore the normal dosage is recommended. Amlodipine is not dialysable.
Hepatic impairment: Dosage recommendations have not been established in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment; therefore dose selection should be cautions and should start at the lower end of the dosing range. The pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine have not been studied in severe hepatic impairment. Amlodipine should be initiated at the lowest dose (2.5 mg once daily) and titrated slowly in patients with severe hepatic impairment.
Children under 6 years old: The effect of amlodipine on blood pressure in patients less than 6 years of age is not known.
Elderly: Amlodipine used at similar doses in elderly or younger patients is equally well tolerated. Normal dosage regimens are recommended in the elderly, but increase of the dosage should take place with care.
Renal impairment: Changes in amlodipine plasma concentrations are not correlated with degree of renal impairment, therefore the normal dosage is recommended. Amlodipine is not dialysable.
Hepatic impairment: Dosage recommendations have not been established in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment; therefore dose selection should be cautions and should start at the lower end of the dosing range. The pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine have not been studied in severe hepatic impairment. Amlodipine should be initiated at the lowest dose (2.5 mg once daily) and titrated slowly in patients with severe hepatic impairment.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms: Available data suggest that large overdosage could result in excessive peripheral vasodilatation and possibly reflex tachycardia. Marked and probably prolonged systemic hypotension up to and including shock with fatal outcome have been reported.
Management: Clinically significant hypotension due to amlodipine overdosage calls for active cardiovascular support including frequent monitoring of cardiac and respiratory function, elevation of extremities, and attention to circulating fluid volume and urine output.
A vasoconstrictor may be helpful in restoring vascular tone and blood pressure, provided that there is no contraindication to its use. Intravenous calcium gluconate may be beneficial in reversing the effects of calcium channel blockade. Gastric lavage may be worthwhile in some cases. In healthy volunteers the use of charcoal up to 2 hours after administration of amlodipine 10 mg has been shown to reduce the absorption rate of amlodipine. Since amlodipine is highly protein-bound, dialysis is not likely to be of benefit.
Management: Clinically significant hypotension due to amlodipine overdosage calls for active cardiovascular support including frequent monitoring of cardiac and respiratory function, elevation of extremities, and attention to circulating fluid volume and urine output.
A vasoconstrictor may be helpful in restoring vascular tone and blood pressure, provided that there is no contraindication to its use. Intravenous calcium gluconate may be beneficial in reversing the effects of calcium channel blockade. Gastric lavage may be worthwhile in some cases. In healthy volunteers the use of charcoal up to 2 hours after administration of amlodipine 10 mg has been shown to reduce the absorption rate of amlodipine. Since amlodipine is highly protein-bound, dialysis is not likely to be of benefit.
StorageView
Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light.
Aloran
Desloratadine
Aloran
Desloratadine
Indications
Watery eye
Indication detailsView
Desloratadine is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal discharge & itching, congestion or stuffiness, as well as ocular itching, tearing and redness, itching of palate and coughing. Desloratadine is also indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria such as the relief of itching and the size & number of hives.
Therapeutic classView
Non-sedating antihistamines
PharmacologyView
Desloratadine, the major active metabolite of Loratadine, is a non-sedating; long acting tricyclic histamine antagonist with selective H1-receptor histamine antagonist activity. Desloratadine also inhibits histamine release from human mast cell.
DosageView
Pediatric drops:
- Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
- Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.
- Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
- Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
- Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
- Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.
- Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily
Side effectsView
Less common side effects may include headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, pharyngitis, dyspepsia and myalgia.
ContraindicationsView
Desloratadine is contraindicated in patients having hypersensitivity to this medication or to any of its ingredients or Loratadine.
PrecautionsView
In adult patients with liver or renal impairment: A starting dose of one 5 mg tablet every other day is recommended based on pharmacokinetic data. If the patient has medical or familial history of seizures.
InteractionsView
No clinically relevant drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. The safe use of Desloratadine during pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, Desloratadine is not to be used during pregnancy unless clearly indicated. Desloratadine passes into breast milk, therefore a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue Desloratadine taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric usageView
Recommended in the use in children & adolescents.
Overdose effectsView
No clinically relevant adverse effects have been reported.
StorageView
Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Store below 30°C. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
Aloten
Amlodipine Besilate + Atenolol
Aloten
Amlodipine Besilate + Atenolol
Indications
Refractory angina pectoris where nitrate therapy has failed
Indication detailsView
This is indicated in-
- Patients with essential hypertension
- Patients with angina pectoris & hypertension as co-existing diseases
- ln post Ml patients
- ln patients with refractory angina pectoris where nitrate therapy has failed.
Therapeutic classView
Combined antihypertensive preparations
PharmacologyView
This is a fixed-dose combination of Amlodipine and Atenolol. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle; it has a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle than on cardiac muscle. Amlodipine is a peripheral vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure. Amlodipine reduces tone, decreases coronary vasoreactivity and lowers cardiac demand by reducing afterload.
Atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker. The cardio-selectivity is dose-related. Atenolol causes a reduction in blood pressure by lowering cardiac output, decreasing the plasma renin activity and sympathetic outflow from CNS. Atenolol also causes a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand by virtue of its negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
Atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker. The cardio-selectivity is dose-related. Atenolol causes a reduction in blood pressure by lowering cardiac output, decreasing the plasma renin activity and sympathetic outflow from CNS. Atenolol also causes a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand by virtue of its negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
DosageView
The recommended dosage is Amlodipine and Atenolol 5/25 mg tablet once daily. If necessary, the dosage may be increased to 5/25 mg two tablets daily or as advised by the physicians. The dosage however should be individualized.
Side effectsView
The combination of Amlodipine and Atenolol is well tolerated. Overall side-effects include
fatigue, headache, edema, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety and depression.
fatigue, headache, edema, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety and depression.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to either component, sinus bradycardia, second and higher degrees of heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, congestive heart failure, poor left ventricular function.
PrecautionsView
Bronchospasm: The combination should be used with caution in patients with airway obstruction.
Renal impairment: The combination can be used in patients with renal impairment. However, caution may be necessary if the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min because of possible reduction in the excretion of unchanged Atenolol.
Hepatic impairment: Caution may be necessary in the use of the combination in patients with severe liver damage because of prolongation of the elimination half-life of Amlodipine.
Drug withdrawal: Since coronary heart disease may exist without being recognized, patients should be warned against stopping the drug suddenly. Any discontinuation should be gradual and under observation.
Renal impairment: The combination can be used in patients with renal impairment. However, caution may be necessary if the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min because of possible reduction in the excretion of unchanged Atenolol.
Hepatic impairment: Caution may be necessary in the use of the combination in patients with severe liver damage because of prolongation of the elimination half-life of Amlodipine.
Drug withdrawal: Since coronary heart disease may exist without being recognized, patients should be warned against stopping the drug suddenly. Any discontinuation should be gradual and under observation.
InteractionsView
Disopyramide: Atenolol reduces the clearance of disopyramide by 20%. Additive negative inotropic effects on the heart may be produced.
Ampicillin: at doses of 1 gm and above may reduce Atenolol levels.
Oral antidiabetics and insulin: Beta-blockers may decrease tissue sensitivity to insulin and inhibit insulin secretion e.g. in response to oral antidiabetics. Atenolol has less potential for these actions.
Ampicillin: at doses of 1 gm and above may reduce Atenolol levels.
Oral antidiabetics and insulin: Beta-blockers may decrease tissue sensitivity to insulin and inhibit insulin secretion e.g. in response to oral antidiabetics. Atenolol has less potential for these actions.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The combination should be used during pregnancy only if the expected benefit outweighs the potential fetal risk. The combination should not be used by nursing mothers. If its use is considered necessary, breast-feeding should be stopped.
Overdose effectsView
Though not documented, hypotension and less frequently congestive cardiac failure may occur in cases of overdosage. Unabsorbed drugs may be removed by gastric lavage or administration of activated charcoal. Symptomatic treatment is suggested.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aloten Forte
Amlodipine Besilate + Atenolol
Aloten Forte
Amlodipine Besilate + Atenolol
Indications
Refractory angina pectoris where nitrate therapy has failed
Indication detailsView
This is indicated in-
- Patients with essential hypertension
- Patients with angina pectoris & hypertension as co-existing diseases
- ln post Ml patients
- ln patients with refractory angina pectoris where nitrate therapy has failed.
Therapeutic classView
Combined antihypertensive preparations
PharmacologyView
This is a fixed-dose combination of Amlodipine and Atenolol. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle; it has a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle than on cardiac muscle. Amlodipine is a peripheral vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure. Amlodipine reduces tone, decreases coronary vasoreactivity and lowers cardiac demand by reducing afterload.
Atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker. The cardio-selectivity is dose-related. Atenolol causes a reduction in blood pressure by lowering cardiac output, decreasing the plasma renin activity and sympathetic outflow from CNS. Atenolol also causes a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand by virtue of its negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
Atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker. The cardio-selectivity is dose-related. Atenolol causes a reduction in blood pressure by lowering cardiac output, decreasing the plasma renin activity and sympathetic outflow from CNS. Atenolol also causes a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand by virtue of its negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
DosageView
The recommended dosage is Amlodipine and Atenolol 5/25 mg tablet once daily. If necessary, the dosage may be increased to 5/25 mg two tablets daily or as advised by the physicians. The dosage however should be individualized.
Side effectsView
The combination of Amlodipine and Atenolol is well tolerated. Overall side-effects include
fatigue, headache, edema, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety and depression.
fatigue, headache, edema, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety and depression.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to either component, sinus bradycardia, second and higher degrees of heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, congestive heart failure, poor left ventricular function.
PrecautionsView
Bronchospasm: The combination should be used with caution in patients with airway obstruction.
Renal impairment: The combination can be used in patients with renal impairment. However, caution may be necessary if the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min because of possible reduction in the excretion of unchanged Atenolol.
Hepatic impairment: Caution may be necessary in the use of the combination in patients with severe liver damage because of prolongation of the elimination half-life of Amlodipine.
Drug withdrawal: Since coronary heart disease may exist without being recognized, patients should be warned against stopping the drug suddenly. Any discontinuation should be gradual and under observation.
Renal impairment: The combination can be used in patients with renal impairment. However, caution may be necessary if the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min because of possible reduction in the excretion of unchanged Atenolol.
Hepatic impairment: Caution may be necessary in the use of the combination in patients with severe liver damage because of prolongation of the elimination half-life of Amlodipine.
Drug withdrawal: Since coronary heart disease may exist without being recognized, patients should be warned against stopping the drug suddenly. Any discontinuation should be gradual and under observation.
InteractionsView
Disopyramide: Atenolol reduces the clearance of disopyramide by 20%. Additive negative inotropic effects on the heart may be produced.
Ampicillin: at doses of 1 gm and above may reduce Atenolol levels.
Oral antidiabetics and insulin: Beta-blockers may decrease tissue sensitivity to insulin and inhibit insulin secretion e.g. in response to oral antidiabetics. Atenolol has less potential for these actions.
Ampicillin: at doses of 1 gm and above may reduce Atenolol levels.
Oral antidiabetics and insulin: Beta-blockers may decrease tissue sensitivity to insulin and inhibit insulin secretion e.g. in response to oral antidiabetics. Atenolol has less potential for these actions.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The combination should be used during pregnancy only if the expected benefit outweighs the potential fetal risk. The combination should not be used by nursing mothers. If its use is considered necessary, breast-feeding should be stopped.
Overdose effectsView
Though not documented, hypotension and less frequently congestive cardiac failure may occur in cases of overdosage. Unabsorbed drugs may be removed by gastric lavage or administration of activated charcoal. Symptomatic treatment is suggested.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alovera
Aloe indica+ Hyoscyamus niger + Piper nigrum
Alovera
Aloe indica+ Hyoscyamus niger + Piper nigrum
Indications
Piles
Indication detailsView
This is indicated in-
- Acid reflux
- Gastric ulcer
- Obesity
- Constipation
- Piles
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Aloe indica royle: Aloe contains anthrone -10-C-glycosyls, including aloin A, aloin B, 7-hydroxyaloin and 1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone, including Aloe-emodin. The 2015 study found that aloe effectively reduced the symptoms of acid reflux as well as certain traditional medication without any reported side effects. Researchers concluded that aloe may work by reducing acid production and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. By taking Aloe regularly, ensures a better sensation of well-being, allowing energy levels to increase and also helps maintain a healthy body weight. Aloe is a best natural aid for detoxification. Aloe is colonic-specific stimulant laxatives that have a direct action on intestinal mucosa, increasing the rate of colonic motility and inhibiting water & electrolyte secretion. Anthraquinones may also have stool softening properties.
Hyoscyamus niger: It contains the alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine. It is used to provide symptomatic relief of spasms caused by various lower abdominal and bladder disorders including peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, colic & cystitis.
Piper nigrum: It contains 3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl ethanol glycosides, piperine, polysac- charides, fatty oil & volatile oil. It stimulates the thermal receptors and increases secretion of saliva and gastric mucus. It influences liver metabolic functions.
Hyoscyamus niger: It contains the alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine. It is used to provide symptomatic relief of spasms caused by various lower abdominal and bladder disorders including peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, colic & cystitis.
Piper nigrum: It contains 3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl ethanol glycosides, piperine, polysac- charides, fatty oil & volatile oil. It stimulates the thermal receptors and increases secretion of saliva and gastric mucus. It influences liver metabolic functions.
DosageView
1-2 tablets daily at bedtime.
Side effectsView
Occasionally allergic reaction may occur. Chronic use may cause loss of electrolytes (Potassium) that will reverse upon discontinuation.
ContraindicationsView
Intestinal pathological narrow or obstruction & acutely inflamed intestinal diseases, e.g, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis & appendicitis.
InteractionsView
Antiarrhythmic agents, diuretic agents & corticosteroids.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Should not be used during Pregnancy. There is no sufficient information for use in lactation.
Overdose effectsView
Overdose may alter electrolyte and water balance.
StorageView
Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
Alovit BZ
Vitamin B Complex + Zinc
Alovit BZ
Vitamin B Complex + Zinc
Indications
Vitamins B and Zinc deficiencies
Indication detailsView
This is indicated for the treatment and prevention of zinc and vitamin B deficiencies.
Therapeutic classView
Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
PharmacologyView
Zinc is vital for many biological functions such as immunity enhancement, wound healing, digestion, reproduction, physical growth and mental development. Zinc supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Zinc also has some antioxidant properties. Zinc is used to treat ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder) in children. In adult, due to zinc deficiency loss of appetite, poor sense of taste and smell, tendency towards depression, white marks on fingernails, frequent infections, low fertility, prostate problems, mental problems, poor wound healing, a poor immune system, diarrhoea, mental lethargy, rough skin and weight loss may occur.
B-Vitamins are needed to release energy from food. They play an important role in ensuring healthy brain and nerve function, healthy red blood cells formation in children & adults. They are specially needed for healthy growth and development of children. B-Vitamin deficiencies in adult cause profound fatigue and various types of neurologic manifestations, which may include weakness, poor balance, confusion, irritability, memory loss, nervousness, tingling of the limbs and loss of coordination. Additional symptoms of vitamin B deficiency are sleep disturbances, nausea, poor appetite, frequent infections, and skin lesions.
B-Vitamins are needed to release energy from food. They play an important role in ensuring healthy brain and nerve function, healthy red blood cells formation in children & adults. They are specially needed for healthy growth and development of children. B-Vitamin deficiencies in adult cause profound fatigue and various types of neurologic manifestations, which may include weakness, poor balance, confusion, irritability, memory loss, nervousness, tingling of the limbs and loss of coordination. Additional symptoms of vitamin B deficiency are sleep disturbances, nausea, poor appetite, frequent infections, and skin lesions.
DosageView
Syrup-
- Adults: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
- Children: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 1 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
- Infants: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) 1 to 2 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
- Adults & Children over 30 kg: 1 to 2 tablets 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
Side effectsView
This is generally well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea & stomach upset may occur. Side effects have been reported with specific vitamins but generally at levels substantially higher than recommended doses.
ContraindicationsView
Vitamin B Complex & Zinc is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this product.
PrecautionsView
In acute renal failure, zinc accumulation may occur, so dosage adjustment is needed. This is not intended for the treatment of severe specific deficiencies.
InteractionsView
Concomitant intake of tetracyclines and zinc may decrease the Gl absorption and serum levels of tetracyclines. Similarly concomitant administration of zinc and fluroquinolones may decrease the Gl absorption and serum levels of some fluroquinolones. Coadministration of Niacin and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg. lovastatin) may result mayopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Pyridoxine reduces levodopa's effectiveness by increasing its peripheral metabolism. Co-administration of pyridoxine with phenytoin may decrease serum levels of phenytoin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
This is recommended in pregnancy and lactation.
Overdose effectsView
In case of overdosage, initially epigastric pain, diarrhoea and vomiting can occur. In that case, one should seek emergency medical attention. Initially, an emetic should be given and then gastric lavage and general supportive measures should be employed.
StorageView
Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
Alovit Gold
Multivitamin & Multimineral [A-Z gold preparation]
Alovit Gold
Multivitamin & Multimineral [A-Z gold preparation]
Indications
Vitamin deficiency
Indication detailsView
This is indicated for the prevention and treatment of vitamins & minerals deficiencies. As a complete daily nutritional supplement, it is also indicated to meet the increased demand for vitamins and minerals in the conditions like physical and emotional stress, chronic diseases, infection illness, osteoporosis, injuries or wound, surgery, poor digestion, old age, pregnancy and lactation, poor appetite, excess dieting, exposure to environmental pollution, heavy exercise etc.
Therapeutic classView
Multi-vitamin & Multi-mineral combined preparations
PharmacologyView
This is a film coated tablet, which combines 32 high potency vitamins and minerals. This preparation maintains a healthy body and active life-style.
DosageView
One tablet daily or as recommended by the physician.
Side effectsView
Generally, this preparation is well tolerated. Diarrhoea may occasionally occur during treatment with beta carotene and the skin may assume a slightly yellow discoloration. Vitamin C and vitamin E may cause diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disturbances.
ContraindicationsView
This product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Long term intake of high level of vitamin A (excluding that sourced from beta carotene) may increase the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Recommended by the consultation with physician.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alpam
Alprazolam
Alpam
Alprazolam
Indications
Vestibular neuritis
Indication detailsView
Alprazolam is indicated in-
- Anxiety disorder
- Short term relief of anxiety
- Anxiety associated with depression
- Panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia.
Therapeutic classView
Benzodiazepine sedatives
PharmacologyView
Alprazolam is a triazole analog of the 1,4-benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is an anxiolytic with hypnotic and anticonvulsive properties. Alprazolam is presumed to produce its effects via interacting with the Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)- benzodiazepine receptor complex. Like all benzodiazepines, it causes a dose-related CNS depressant activity varying from mild impairment of task performance to hypnosis.
DosageView
Treatment should be initiated with a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg three times daily. Depending on the response, dose may be increased at intervals of 3 to 4 days in increments of no more than 1 mg/day. The maximum dose should not exceed 4 mg/day. Occasional patients with panic disorder may need as much as 10 mg a day to achieve a successful response and in these cases periodic reassessment and consideration of dosage adjustment is required.
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect with the lowest possible dose. If side-effects occur at starting dose, dose may be lowered. When discontinuing therapy, dosage should be reduced gradually by no more than 0.5 mg every three days.
In elderly patients or in patients with advanced liver disease, the usual starting dose is 0.25 mg, two or three times daily and may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.
Alprazolam 1 mg should be administered once daily, preferably in the morning by patients who are on multiple dosage regimens of Alprazolam 0.25/0.5 mg. The tablets should be taken intact, they should not be chewed, crushed, or broken.
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect with the lowest possible dose. If side-effects occur at starting dose, dose may be lowered. When discontinuing therapy, dosage should be reduced gradually by no more than 0.5 mg every three days.
In elderly patients or in patients with advanced liver disease, the usual starting dose is 0.25 mg, two or three times daily and may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.
Alprazolam 1 mg should be administered once daily, preferably in the morning by patients who are on multiple dosage regimens of Alprazolam 0.25/0.5 mg. The tablets should be taken intact, they should not be chewed, crushed, or broken.
Side effectsView
Side effects, if occur, are generally observed at the beginning of therapy and usually disappear upon continued medication. The most frequent side effects are drowsiness and light-headedness. The other side effects, that may occur include depression, headache, confusion, dry mouth, constipation, etc.
PrecautionsView
Because Alprazolam may produce psychological and physical dependence, the increment of dose or abrupt discontinuation of Alprazolam therapy should not be done without the physician's advice. The duration of therapy must be determined by the physicians. Alprazolam should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic or renal disease, chronic pulmonary insufficiency, or sleep apnea.
InteractionsView
The CNS-depressant action of Alprazolam may be aggravated by concomitant use of other psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, antihistaminics, alcohol and oral ontraceptives.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Alprazolam has been categorized in pregnancy category D; that means, it should be avoided in pregnancy. Like other benzodiazepines, Alprazolam is assumed to be excreted in breast milk. Therefore, nursing should not be undertaken by mothers who must use Alprazolam.
Pediatric usageView
The safety and effectiveness of Alprazolam in individuals below 18 years of age have not been established.
Overdose effectsView
Manifestations of Alprazolam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. In such cases of overdosage general supportive measures should be employed along with immediate gastric lavage.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alpam
Alprazolam
Alpam
Alprazolam
Indications
Vestibular neuritis
Indication detailsView
Alprazolam is indicated in-
- Anxiety disorder
- Short term relief of anxiety
- Anxiety associated with depression
- Panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia.
Therapeutic classView
Benzodiazepine sedatives
PharmacologyView
Alprazolam is a triazole analog of the 1,4-benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is an anxiolytic with hypnotic and anticonvulsive properties. Alprazolam is presumed to produce its effects via interacting with the Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)- benzodiazepine receptor complex. Like all benzodiazepines, it causes a dose-related CNS depressant activity varying from mild impairment of task performance to hypnosis.
DosageView
Treatment should be initiated with a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg three times daily. Depending on the response, dose may be increased at intervals of 3 to 4 days in increments of no more than 1 mg/day. The maximum dose should not exceed 4 mg/day. Occasional patients with panic disorder may need as much as 10 mg a day to achieve a successful response and in these cases periodic reassessment and consideration of dosage adjustment is required.
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect with the lowest possible dose. If side-effects occur at starting dose, dose may be lowered. When discontinuing therapy, dosage should be reduced gradually by no more than 0.5 mg every three days.
In elderly patients or in patients with advanced liver disease, the usual starting dose is 0.25 mg, two or three times daily and may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.
Alprazolam 1 mg should be administered once daily, preferably in the morning by patients who are on multiple dosage regimens of Alprazolam 0.25/0.5 mg. The tablets should be taken intact, they should not be chewed, crushed, or broken.
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect with the lowest possible dose. If side-effects occur at starting dose, dose may be lowered. When discontinuing therapy, dosage should be reduced gradually by no more than 0.5 mg every three days.
In elderly patients or in patients with advanced liver disease, the usual starting dose is 0.25 mg, two or three times daily and may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.
Alprazolam 1 mg should be administered once daily, preferably in the morning by patients who are on multiple dosage regimens of Alprazolam 0.25/0.5 mg. The tablets should be taken intact, they should not be chewed, crushed, or broken.
Side effectsView
Side effects, if occur, are generally observed at the beginning of therapy and usually disappear upon continued medication. The most frequent side effects are drowsiness and light-headedness. The other side effects, that may occur include depression, headache, confusion, dry mouth, constipation, etc.
PrecautionsView
Because Alprazolam may produce psychological and physical dependence, the increment of dose or abrupt discontinuation of Alprazolam therapy should not be done without the physician's advice. The duration of therapy must be determined by the physicians. Alprazolam should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic or renal disease, chronic pulmonary insufficiency, or sleep apnea.
InteractionsView
The CNS-depressant action of Alprazolam may be aggravated by concomitant use of other psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, antihistaminics, alcohol and oral ontraceptives.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Alprazolam has been categorized in pregnancy category D; that means, it should be avoided in pregnancy. Like other benzodiazepines, Alprazolam is assumed to be excreted in breast milk. Therefore, nursing should not be undertaken by mothers who must use Alprazolam.
Pediatric usageView
The safety and effectiveness of Alprazolam in individuals below 18 years of age have not been established.
Overdose effectsView
Manifestations of Alprazolam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. In such cases of overdosage general supportive measures should be employed along with immediate gastric lavage.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alpatin
Epinastine Hydrochloride
Alpatin
Epinastine Hydrochloride
Indications
Conjunctivitis
Indication detailsView
Epinastine sterile ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of allergic conditions of the anterior segment of the eye.
Therapeutic classView
Ophthalmic Non-Steroid drugs
PharmacologyView
Epinastine is a topically active antihistamine that antagonizes both histamine H1 and H2 receptors. Moreover, it has mast cell stabilizing activity and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators from the blood vessel. Epinastine does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier and therefore is not expected to induce side effects on the central nervous system.
DosageView
Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily.
Side effectsView
The most frequently reported side effects are mild burning sensation, folliculosis, hyperemia, pruritus, cold symptoms and upper respiratory infections.
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Epinastine or to any of the components of this preparation.
PrecautionsView
For ophthalmic use only. Patients should be advised not to wear contact lenses if their eye is red.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on pregnant women. Epinastine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether Epinastine is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Epinastine is administered to a nursing mother.
Pediatric usageView
Use in children: Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 3 years have not been established.
Use in elderly patients: No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other adult patients.
Use in elderly patients: No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other adult patients.
StorageView
Store in a cool & dry place, protect from light. Do not use longer than one month after the first opening. Keep out of the reach of children.
Alphagan P
Brimonidine Tartrate
Alphagan P
Brimonidine Tartrate
Indication detailsView
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2% ophthalmic solution is indicated for lowering intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.15% ophthalmic solution is indicated for the control of intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution relieves redness of the eye due to minor eye irritations.
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.15% ophthalmic solution is indicated for the control of intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution relieves redness of the eye due to minor eye irritations.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for miotics and glaucoma
PharmacologyView
Brimonidine is an α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist that is more selective for the α-2 adrenoreceptor than α-1. Topical administration of Brimonidine Tartrate eye drops decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans. When used as directed Brimonidine Tartrate have the action of reducing elevated IOP with minimal effect on cardiovascular parametres. Brimonidine Tartrate eye drops have a rapid onset of action with the peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. The duration of effect is 12 hours or greater. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine Tartrate has a dual mechanism of action. Brimonidine Tartrate eye drops lower IOP by reducing aqueous humor production and enhancing uveoscleral outflow.
DosageView
0.2% ophthalmic solution: The recommended dose is one drop of 0.2% ophthalmic solution in the affected eye(s) three times daily, approximately 8 hours apart. This ophthalmic solution may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower intraocular pressure. If more than one topical ophthalmic product is being used, the products should be administered at least 5 minutes apart.
0.15% ophthalmic solution: The recommended dose is one drop of 0.15% ophthalmic solution in the affected eye(s) three times daily, approximately 8 hours apart.
0.025% ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every 6-8 hours. Do not use it more than 4 times daily. If more than one topical ophthalmic product is being used, the products should be administered at least 5 minutes apart.
0.15% ophthalmic solution: The recommended dose is one drop of 0.15% ophthalmic solution in the affected eye(s) three times daily, approximately 8 hours apart.
0.025% ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every 6-8 hours. Do not use it more than 4 times daily. If more than one topical ophthalmic product is being used, the products should be administered at least 5 minutes apart.
Side effectsView
Adverse events occurring in approximately 10-30% of the subjects, in descending order of incidence, included oral dryness, ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging, headache, blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue/drowsiness, conjunctival follicles, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus. Events occurring in approximately 3-9% of the subjects, in descending order included corneal staining/erosion, photophobia, eyelid erythema, ocular ache/pain, ocular dryness, tearing, upper respiratory symptoms, eyelid edema, conjunctival edema, dizziness, blepharitis, ocular irritation, gastrointestinal symptoms, asthenia, conjunctival blanching, abnormal vision and muscular pain. The following adverse reactions were reported in less than 3% of the patients: lid crusting, conjunctival hemorrhage, abnormal taste, insomnia, conjunctival discharge, depression, hypertension, anxiety, palpitations/arrhythmias, nasal dryness and syncope.
ContraindicationsView
Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to Brimonidine Tartrate. It is also contraindicated in patients receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor therapy.
PrecautionsView
Although Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution had minimal effect on the blood pressure of patients in clinical studies, caution should be exercised in treating patients with severe cardiovascular disease. Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution should be used with caution in patients with depression, cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, orthostatic hypotension or thromboangiitis obliterans.
InteractionsView
Although specific drug interaction studies have not been conducted with Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution, the possibility of an additive or potentiating effect with CNS depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives, or anesthetics) should be considered. Alpha-agonists, as a class, may reduce pulse and blood pressure. Caution in using concomitant drugs such as beta-blockers (ophthalmic and systemic), antihypertensives and/or cardiac glycosides is advised. Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to blunt the hypotensive effect of systemic clonidine. It is not known whether the concurrent use of these agents with Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution in humans can lead to resulting interference with the IOP lowering effect. No data on the level of circulating catecholamines after administration of Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution are available. Caution, however, is advised in patients taking Tricyclic antidepressants which can affect the metabolism and uptake of circulating amines.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal studies, Brimonidine crossed the placenta and entered into the fetal circulation to a limited extent. Brimonidine Tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.2% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk; in animal studies Brimonidine Tartrate was excreted in breast milk. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
StorageView
Store below 30°C in a cool and dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the dropper tip to surfaces since this may contaminate the solution. Do not use after 30 days of first opening.
Alphalok
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Alphalok
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypertension
Indication detailsView
Hypertension (Primary and Secondary Hypertension). Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease, Congestive heart failure (Prazosin may be used alone or added to the therapeutic regimen in those patients with congestive heart failure who are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides) & Benign prostatic hyperplasia (For the symptomatic treatment of urinary obstruction due to BPH and in patients awaiting prostatic surgery).
Therapeutic classView
Alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs
PharmacologyView
Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing positions; this effect is more pronounced on the diastolic blood pressure. Rebound elevation of blood pressure does not occur following abrupt cessation of Prazosin therapy.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
DosageView
Hypertension:
- Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg (in the evening), twice or thrice daily for 3 to 7 days. This dose should be increased to 1 mg twice or three times daily for a further 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the daily dose should be increased gradually as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure lowering effect. Most patients are likely to be maintained on a dosage regimen of Prazosin alone of up to 15 mg daily in divided doses.
- Maximum dose: 20 mg in divided doses.
- The dosage of the other drug should be reduced to a maintenance level and Prazosin initiated at 0.5 mg in the evening, then continuing with 0.5 mg twice or three times daily.
- Subsequent dosage increases should be made gradually depending upon the patient's response.
- The recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg two, three or four times daily, increasing to 4 mg in divided doses. Dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms.
- Usual daily maintenance dosage: 4 mg to 20 mg in divided doses.
- The recommended starting dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3 to 7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
- Usual maintenance dosage: 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily.
- The recommended dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily for a period of 3 to 7 days, with the initial dose administered in the evening. The dosage should then be adjusted according to clinical response.
- The usual maintenance dosage: 2 mg twice daily.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food. Starting dose is best taken within dinner, at least 2-3 hr before retiring. Maintenance doses may be taken with or without meals.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Prazosin are allergic reaction, depression, nervousness, insomnia, Hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, faintness, syncope, paraesthesia, worsening of pre-existing narcolepsy, blurred vision, eye pain, reddened sclera, vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations etc.
ContraindicationsView
Prazosin is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to Prazosin & other quinazolines or any of the excipients.
PrecautionsView
In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prazosin is not recommended for patients with a history of micturition syncope. It should not normally be administered to patients already receiving another alpha-1-antagonist.
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
InteractionsView
- Use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors): Concomitant use f PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil) and Prazosin may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients.
- Adding Prazosin to beta-adrenergic antagonist or calcium antagonist therapy may produce a substantial reduction in blood pressure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. It should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Prazosin has been shown to be excreted in small amounts in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Prazosin is administered to nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with moderate to severe grades of renal impairment: Evidence to date shows that Prazosin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. As some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Prazosin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted cautiously.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep away from reach out of the children.
Alphalok
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Alphalok
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypertension
Indication detailsView
Hypertension (Primary and Secondary Hypertension). Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease, Congestive heart failure (Prazosin may be used alone or added to the therapeutic regimen in those patients with congestive heart failure who are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides) & Benign prostatic hyperplasia (For the symptomatic treatment of urinary obstruction due to BPH and in patients awaiting prostatic surgery).
Therapeutic classView
Alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs
PharmacologyView
Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing positions; this effect is more pronounced on the diastolic blood pressure. Rebound elevation of blood pressure does not occur following abrupt cessation of Prazosin therapy.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
DosageView
Hypertension:
- Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg (in the evening), twice or thrice daily for 3 to 7 days. This dose should be increased to 1 mg twice or three times daily for a further 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the daily dose should be increased gradually as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure lowering effect. Most patients are likely to be maintained on a dosage regimen of Prazosin alone of up to 15 mg daily in divided doses.
- Maximum dose: 20 mg in divided doses.
- The dosage of the other drug should be reduced to a maintenance level and Prazosin initiated at 0.5 mg in the evening, then continuing with 0.5 mg twice or three times daily.
- Subsequent dosage increases should be made gradually depending upon the patient's response.
- The recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg two, three or four times daily, increasing to 4 mg in divided doses. Dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms.
- Usual daily maintenance dosage: 4 mg to 20 mg in divided doses.
- The recommended starting dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3 to 7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
- Usual maintenance dosage: 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily.
- The recommended dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily for a period of 3 to 7 days, with the initial dose administered in the evening. The dosage should then be adjusted according to clinical response.
- The usual maintenance dosage: 2 mg twice daily.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food. Starting dose is best taken within dinner, at least 2-3 hr before retiring. Maintenance doses may be taken with or without meals.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Prazosin are allergic reaction, depression, nervousness, insomnia, Hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, faintness, syncope, paraesthesia, worsening of pre-existing narcolepsy, blurred vision, eye pain, reddened sclera, vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations etc.
ContraindicationsView
Prazosin is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to Prazosin & other quinazolines or any of the excipients.
PrecautionsView
In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prazosin is not recommended for patients with a history of micturition syncope. It should not normally be administered to patients already receiving another alpha-1-antagonist.
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
InteractionsView
- Use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors): Concomitant use f PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil) and Prazosin may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients.
- Adding Prazosin to beta-adrenergic antagonist or calcium antagonist therapy may produce a substantial reduction in blood pressure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. It should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Prazosin has been shown to be excreted in small amounts in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Prazosin is administered to nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with moderate to severe grades of renal impairment: Evidence to date shows that Prazosin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. As some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Prazosin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted cautiously.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep away from reach out of the children.
Alphalok XR
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Alphalok XR
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypertension
Indication detailsView
Hypertension (Primary and Secondary Hypertension). Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease, Congestive heart failure (Prazosin may be used alone or added to the therapeutic regimen in those patients with congestive heart failure who are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides) & Benign prostatic hyperplasia (For the symptomatic treatment of urinary obstruction due to BPH and in patients awaiting prostatic surgery).
Therapeutic classView
Alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs
PharmacologyView
Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing positions; this effect is more pronounced on the diastolic blood pressure. Rebound elevation of blood pressure does not occur following abrupt cessation of Prazosin therapy.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
DosageView
Hypertension:
- Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg (in the evening), twice or thrice daily for 3 to 7 days. This dose should be increased to 1 mg twice or three times daily for a further 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the daily dose should be increased gradually as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure lowering effect. Most patients are likely to be maintained on a dosage regimen of Prazosin alone of up to 15 mg daily in divided doses.
- Maximum dose: 20 mg in divided doses.
- The dosage of the other drug should be reduced to a maintenance level and Prazosin initiated at 0.5 mg in the evening, then continuing with 0.5 mg twice or three times daily.
- Subsequent dosage increases should be made gradually depending upon the patient's response.
- The recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg two, three or four times daily, increasing to 4 mg in divided doses. Dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms.
- Usual daily maintenance dosage: 4 mg to 20 mg in divided doses.
- The recommended starting dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3 to 7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
- Usual maintenance dosage: 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily.
- The recommended dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily for a period of 3 to 7 days, with the initial dose administered in the evening. The dosage should then be adjusted according to clinical response.
- The usual maintenance dosage: 2 mg twice daily.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food. Starting dose is best taken within dinner, at least 2-3 hr before retiring. Maintenance doses may be taken with or without meals.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Prazosin are allergic reaction, depression, nervousness, insomnia, Hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, faintness, syncope, paraesthesia, worsening of pre-existing narcolepsy, blurred vision, eye pain, reddened sclera, vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations etc.
ContraindicationsView
Prazosin is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to Prazosin & other quinazolines or any of the excipients.
PrecautionsView
In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prazosin is not recommended for patients with a history of micturition syncope. It should not normally be administered to patients already receiving another alpha-1-antagonist.
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
InteractionsView
- Use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors): Concomitant use f PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil) and Prazosin may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients.
- Adding Prazosin to beta-adrenergic antagonist or calcium antagonist therapy may produce a substantial reduction in blood pressure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. It should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Prazosin has been shown to be excreted in small amounts in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Prazosin is administered to nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with moderate to severe grades of renal impairment: Evidence to date shows that Prazosin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. As some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Prazosin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted cautiously.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep away from reach out of the children.
Alphalok XR
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Alphalok XR
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypertension
Indication detailsView
Hypertension (Primary and Secondary Hypertension). Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease, Congestive heart failure (Prazosin may be used alone or added to the therapeutic regimen in those patients with congestive heart failure who are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides) & Benign prostatic hyperplasia (For the symptomatic treatment of urinary obstruction due to BPH and in patients awaiting prostatic surgery).
Therapeutic classView
Alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs
PharmacologyView
Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing positions; this effect is more pronounced on the diastolic blood pressure. Rebound elevation of blood pressure does not occur following abrupt cessation of Prazosin therapy.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
DosageView
Hypertension:
- Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg (in the evening), twice or thrice daily for 3 to 7 days. This dose should be increased to 1 mg twice or three times daily for a further 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the daily dose should be increased gradually as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure lowering effect. Most patients are likely to be maintained on a dosage regimen of Prazosin alone of up to 15 mg daily in divided doses.
- Maximum dose: 20 mg in divided doses.
- The dosage of the other drug should be reduced to a maintenance level and Prazosin initiated at 0.5 mg in the evening, then continuing with 0.5 mg twice or three times daily.
- Subsequent dosage increases should be made gradually depending upon the patient's response.
- The recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg two, three or four times daily, increasing to 4 mg in divided doses. Dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms.
- Usual daily maintenance dosage: 4 mg to 20 mg in divided doses.
- The recommended starting dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3 to 7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
- Usual maintenance dosage: 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily.
- The recommended dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily for a period of 3 to 7 days, with the initial dose administered in the evening. The dosage should then be adjusted according to clinical response.
- The usual maintenance dosage: 2 mg twice daily.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food. Starting dose is best taken within dinner, at least 2-3 hr before retiring. Maintenance doses may be taken with or without meals.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Prazosin are allergic reaction, depression, nervousness, insomnia, Hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, faintness, syncope, paraesthesia, worsening of pre-existing narcolepsy, blurred vision, eye pain, reddened sclera, vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations etc.
ContraindicationsView
Prazosin is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to Prazosin & other quinazolines or any of the excipients.
PrecautionsView
In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prazosin is not recommended for patients with a history of micturition syncope. It should not normally be administered to patients already receiving another alpha-1-antagonist.
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
InteractionsView
- Use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors): Concomitant use f PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil) and Prazosin may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients.
- Adding Prazosin to beta-adrenergic antagonist or calcium antagonist therapy may produce a substantial reduction in blood pressure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. It should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Prazosin has been shown to be excreted in small amounts in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Prazosin is administered to nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with moderate to severe grades of renal impairment: Evidence to date shows that Prazosin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. As some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Prazosin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted cautiously.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep away from reach out of the children.
Alphanate
Alphanate
Alphanate
Alphanate
Indications
Prevention & control of bleeding in Factor VIII deficiency
Indication detailsView
Alphanate, (antihemophilic factor/von Willebrand factor complex), is indicated for:
- Control and prevention of bleeding episodes and perioperative management in adult and pediatric patients with Factor VIII(FVIII) deficiency due to hemophilia A.
- Surgical and/or invasive procedures in adult and pediatric patients with von Willebrand Disease (VWD) in whom desmopressin (DDAVP) is either ineffective or contraindicated. It is not indicated for patients with severe VWD (Type 3) undergoing major surgery.
Therapeutic classView
Haemostatics
PharmacologyView
Antihemophilic Factor/ Von Willebrand Factor Complex (Human) contains Antihemophilic Factor (FVIII) and von Willebrand Factor (VWF), constituents of normal plasma, which are required for clotting. The administration of Alphanate temporarily increases the plasma level of FVIII, thus minimizing the hazard of hemorrhage in patients with hemophilia A. FVIII is an essential cofactor in activation of factor X leading to formation of thrombin and fibrin. VWF promotes platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion on damaged vascular endothelium; it also serves as a stabilizing carrier protein for the procoagulant protein FVIII.
DosageView
Alphanate contains the labeled amount of Factor VIII expressed in International Units (IU) FVIII/vial and Willebrand.
Factor: Ristocetin Cofactor activity in IU VWF:RCo/vial.
Hemophilia A: Control and prevention of bleeding episodes
Factor: Ristocetin Cofactor activity in IU VWF:RCo/vial.
Hemophilia A: Control and prevention of bleeding episodes
- Dose (units) = body weight (kg) x desired FVIII rise (IU/dL or % of normal) x 0.5 (IU/kg per IU/dL)
- Frequency of intravenous injection of the reconstituted product is determined by the type of bleeding episode and the recommendation of the treating physician
- Adults: Pre-operative dose of 60 IU VWF:RCo/kg body weight; subsequent doses of 40-60 IU VWF:RCo/kg/body weight at 8-12 hour intervals post-operative as clinically needed.
- Pediatric: Pre-operative dose of 75 IU VWF:RCo/kg/body weight; subsequent doses of 50-75 IU VWF:RCo/kg body weight at 8-12 hour intervals post-operative as clinically needed.
- Dosage based on protocol used in the Alphanate prospective clinical trial according to judgment of the investigator.
- Hemophilia A Indication: Clinical trials for safety and effectiveness in pediatric hemophilia A patients 16 years of age and younger have not been conducted.
- VWD Indication: The hemostatic efficacy of Alphanate has been studied in 20 pediatric subjects with VWD 18 years of age and under. Based on the data from a subset of these subjects, age had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of VWF:RCo. There were no clinically important differences between pediatric patients and adults.
AdministrationView
Alphanate is for intravenous use only after reconstitution. Use plastic disposable syringes. Do not refrigerate after reconstitution. Reconstituted Alphanate may be stored at room temperature (not to exceed 30° C) prior to administration, but administer intravenously within three hours.
Discard any unused contents into the appropriate safety container. Do not administer Alphanate at a rate exceeding 10 mL/minute.
Discard any unused contents into the appropriate safety container. Do not administer Alphanate at a rate exceeding 10 mL/minute.
Side effectsView
The most frequent adverse events reported with Alphanate in >5% of patients are respiratory distress, pruritus, rash, urticaria, face
edema, paresthesia, pain, fever, chills, joint pain and fatigue
edema, paresthesia, pain, fever, chills, joint pain and fatigue
ContraindicationsView
Alphanate is contraindicated in patients who have manifested life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to the product or its components.
PrecautionsView
Risk of thromboembolic events & infections. Pregnancy.
InteractionsView
None known.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Labor and Delivery: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Nursing Mothers: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Labor and Delivery: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Nursing Mothers: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use: Clinical trials for safety and effectiveness in pediatric hemophilia A patients have not been conducted. The hemostatic efficacy of Alphanate has been studied in 20 pediatric subjects with VWD 18 years of age and under. Based on the data from a subset of these subjects, age had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of VWF:RCo
Geriatric Use: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Geriatric Use: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed
Alphanate
Antihemophilic Factor [Factor VIII]
Alphanate
Antihemophilic Factor [Factor VIII]
Indications
Hemophilia
Indication detailsView
Treatment and prophylaxis of haemorrhagic episodes in patients with haemophilia A, Prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A
Therapeutic classView
Antihaemophilic factor
PharmacologyView
Factor VIII is required for clot formation and maintenance of haemostasis. It activates factor X in conjunction with activated factor IX. Activated factor X then converts prothrombin to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and forms a stable clot with factor XIII. Factor VIII is used for replacement therapy in patients with haemophilia A.
DosageView
Treatment and prophylaxis of haemorrhagic episodes in patients with haemophilia A: Dosage is individualised based on coagulation tests performed before treatment and at regular intervals during treatment. Generally, 1 IU/kg will increase circulating factor VIII levels by about 2 IU/dL. Recommended doses vary according to the preparation used
Suggested doses: Mild-moderate haemorrhage (increase to 20-30% of normal): Usually with a single dose of 10-15 IU/kg
More serious haemorrhage or minor surgery (increase to 30-50% of normal): Usual initial dose of 15-25 units/kg followed by 10-15 IU/kg every 8-12 hr if required
Severe haemorrhage or major surgery (increase to 80-100% of normal): Usual initial dose of 40-50 IU/kg followed by 20-25 IU/kg every 8-12 hr. Refer to individual product information for further dosing details
Prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A: 10-50 IU/kg every 2-3 days, as needed
Suggested doses: Mild-moderate haemorrhage (increase to 20-30% of normal): Usually with a single dose of 10-15 IU/kg
More serious haemorrhage or minor surgery (increase to 30-50% of normal): Usual initial dose of 15-25 units/kg followed by 10-15 IU/kg every 8-12 hr if required
Severe haemorrhage or major surgery (increase to 80-100% of normal): Usual initial dose of 40-50 IU/kg followed by 20-25 IU/kg every 8-12 hr. Refer to individual product information for further dosing details
Prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A: 10-50 IU/kg every 2-3 days, as needed
Side effectsView
Allergic reactions e.g. chills, chest tightness, fever, headache, hyperfibrinogenaemia, jittery feeling, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, stinging at infusion site, stomach discomfort, tingling, urticaria, vasomotor reactions with rapid infusion.
ContraindicationsView
In individuals who have had an anaphylactic or severe systemic reaction to antihemophilic factor or von Willebrand factor preparations.
PrecautionsView
Risk of intravascular haemolysis in patients with blood groups A, B, or AB receiving high doses or repeated doses of factor VIII preparations. Risk of transmission of some viral infections especially hepatitis B and C. Dose requirement may vary in patients with factor VIII inhibitors; thus optimal treatment should be based on clinical response. Monitor platelet counts regularly during treatment.
InteractionsView
Allergic reactions e.g. chills, chest tightness, fever, headache, hyperfibrinogenaemia, jittery feeling, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, stinging at infusion site, stomach discomfort, tingling, urticaria, vasomotor reactions with rapid infusion.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
ReconstitutionView
Intravenous: Treatment and prophylaxis of haemorrhagic episodes: If refrigerated, warm dried concentrate and diluent to room temperature before reconstitution.
StorageView
Store between 2-8° C. Use within 3 hr of reconstitution; do not refrigerate after reconstitution due to risk of precipitation.
Alphapress
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Alphapress
Prazosin Hydrochloride
Indications
Hypertension
Indication detailsView
Hypertension (Primary and Secondary Hypertension). Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's disease, Congestive heart failure (Prazosin may be used alone or added to the therapeutic regimen in those patients with congestive heart failure who are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides) & Benign prostatic hyperplasia (For the symptomatic treatment of urinary obstruction due to BPH and in patients awaiting prostatic surgery).
Therapeutic classView
Alpha adrenoceptor blocking drugs
PharmacologyView
Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing positions; this effect is more pronounced on the diastolic blood pressure. Rebound elevation of blood pressure does not occur following abrupt cessation of Prazosin therapy.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
The therapeutic efficacy of Prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure is ascribed to a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, reduction in cardiac impedance and an augmentation of cardiac output. The use of Prazosin in congestive heart failure does not provoke a reflex tachycardia and blood pressure reduction is minimal in normotensive patients. Prazosin reduce the severity of the signs, symptoms, frequency and duration of attacks, in patients with Raynaud's disease. In low dosage, antagonism of alpha-1-receptors on prostatic and urethral smooth muscle has been shown to improve the urinary pressure profile in men and to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical studies have shown that Prazosin therapy is not associated with adverse changes in the serum lipid profile.
DosageView
Hypertension:
- Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg (in the evening), twice or thrice daily for 3 to 7 days. This dose should be increased to 1 mg twice or three times daily for a further 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the daily dose should be increased gradually as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure lowering effect. Most patients are likely to be maintained on a dosage regimen of Prazosin alone of up to 15 mg daily in divided doses.
- Maximum dose: 20 mg in divided doses.
- The dosage of the other drug should be reduced to a maintenance level and Prazosin initiated at 0.5 mg in the evening, then continuing with 0.5 mg twice or three times daily.
- Subsequent dosage increases should be made gradually depending upon the patient's response.
- The recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg two, three or four times daily, increasing to 4 mg in divided doses. Dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms.
- Usual daily maintenance dosage: 4 mg to 20 mg in divided doses.
- The recommended starting dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3 to 7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
- Usual maintenance dosage: 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily.
- The recommended dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily for a period of 3 to 7 days, with the initial dose administered in the evening. The dosage should then be adjusted according to clinical response.
- The usual maintenance dosage: 2 mg twice daily.
AdministrationView
May be taken with or without food. Starting dose is best taken within dinner, at least 2-3 hr before retiring. Maintenance doses may be taken with or without meals.
Side effectsView
The most common side effects of Prazosin are allergic reaction, depression, nervousness, insomnia, Hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, faintness, syncope, paraesthesia, worsening of pre-existing narcolepsy, blurred vision, eye pain, reddened sclera, vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations etc.
ContraindicationsView
Prazosin is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to Prazosin & other quinazolines or any of the excipients.
PrecautionsView
In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prazosin is not recommended for patients with a history of micturition syncope. It should not normally be administered to patients already receiving another alpha-1-antagonist.
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
In patients with congestive heart failure: Prazosin is not recommended in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure due to mechanical obstruction such as aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism and restrictive pericardial disease.
In patients with hypertension: Postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness, has been reported, particularly with the commencement of therapy
InteractionsView
- Use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 Inhibitors): Concomitant use f PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil) and Prazosin may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients.
- Adding Prazosin to beta-adrenergic antagonist or calcium antagonist therapy may produce a substantial reduction in blood pressure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. It should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Prazosin has been shown to be excreted in small amounts in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Prazosin is administered to nursing mothers.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with moderate to severe grades of renal impairment: Evidence to date shows that Prazosin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. As some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Prazosin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted cautiously.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
Patients with hepatic dysfunction: it is recommended that therapy should be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage should be increased cautiously.
Use in the elderly: Since the elderly may be more susceptible to hypotension, therapy should be initiated with the lowest possible dose.
StorageView
Keep away from light and moisture, store below 30°C. Keep away from reach out of the children.