Medicines

Find Medicines

Search 21,000+ medicines by brand, generic, indication, or drug class

Medicine Indications Drug Classes
    Showing all medicines (21591 total)

    Alimta

    Pemetrexed
    IV Infusion 100 mg/vial Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

    Indications

    Non-small cell lung cancer

    Indication detailsView
    Pemetrexed is indicated for:
    • Initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with cisplatin.
    • Maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy, as a single agent.
    • Treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous, NSCLC after prior chemotherapy, as a single agent.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
    PharmacologyView
    Pemetrexed is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor. It works by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and DNA synthesis, thus inhibiting purine and thymidine nucleotide and protein synthesis.
    DosageView
    Recommended Dosage And Schedule For Non-Squamous NSCLC:
    • The recommended dose of Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin for initial treatment of NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes administered prior to cisplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to six cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
    • The recommended dose of Pemetrexed for maintenance treatment of NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
    • The recommended dose of Pemetrexed for treatment of recurrent NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
    Recommended Dosage And Schedule For Mesothelioma: The recommended dose of Pemetrexed, administered in combination with cisplatin, in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
    Side effectsView
    The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
    • Myelosuppression
    • Renal failure
    • Bullous and exfoliative skin toxicity 
    • Interstitial pneumonitis
    • Radiation recall
    ContraindicationsView
    Pemetrexed is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to pemetrexed
    PrecautionsView
    Monitor CBC. Premedication with folate and vitamin B12 are recommended as prophylaxis against haematological and GI toxicity during treatment. Pre-treatment with a corticosteroid also reduces the incidence and severity of skin reactions. Caution when used in renal or hepatic impairment. Not recommended for use in pregnancy and lactation.
    InteractionsView
    High doses of NSAIDs and aspirin may reduce the elimination of pemetrexed; avoid usage 2 days (5 days for longer-acting NSAIDs) before, during and 2 days after treatment with pemetrexed in patients with impaired renal function. Additive GI side effects when used with SSRIs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, aripiprazole or ziprasidone. Additive sedation when used with psychotropics. Concurrent use with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g. aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, platinum compounds and ciclosporin) may decrease pemetrexed clearance, thus increasing the risk of toxicity. Clearance may be reduced when used with drugs that are cleared by tubular secretion e.g. probenecid and penicillin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).

    Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Pemetrexed and for 1 week after the final dose
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: Pemetrexed dosing recommendations are provided for patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater. There is no recommended dose for patients whose creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min

    Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Pemetrexed in pediatric patients have not been established. 

    Geriatric Use: Of the 3,946 patients enrolled in clinical studies of Pemetrexed, 34% were 65 and over and 4% were 75 and over. No overall differences in effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. The incidences of Grade 3-4 anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, and neutropenia were higher in patients 65 years of age and older as compared to younger patients: in at least one of five randomized clinical trials.
    Overdose effectsView
    No drugs are approved for the treatment of Pemetrexed overdose. Based on animal studies, administration of leucovorin may mitigate the toxicities of Pemetrexed overdosage. It is not known whether pemetrexed is dialyzable.
    StorageView
    Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F)

    Alin

    Ranitidine Hydrochloride
    Tablet 150 mg Allopathic H2 receptor antagonist

    Indications

    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

    Indication detailsView
    Ranitidine is indicated in:
    • Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
    • Benign gastric ulcer
    • Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
    • Post operative stress ulcer.
    • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    • Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
    • Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
    • Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.
    Therapeutic classView
    H2 receptor antagonist
    PharmacologyView
    Ranitidine competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.
    DosageView

    Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:

    Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.

    Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.

    Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.

    Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.

    Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.

    Child (peptic ulcer): 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.


    Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:

    Ranitidine injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.

    In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Ranitidine injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.

    Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine injection have not been established in case of children.
    Side effectsView
    Ranitidine is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients hypersensitive to Ranitidine
    PrecautionsView
    Ranitidine should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.
    InteractionsView
    Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Ranitidine crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Ranitidine. Like other drugs, Ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.

    Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ranitidine is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.
    ReconstitutionView
    Slow IV inj: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Continuous IV infusion:     Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.

    Alinix

    Nitazoxanide
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal

    Indications

    Giardiasis

    Indication detailsView
    Nitazoxanide is indicated for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Nitazoxanide is a synthetic antiprotozoal agent for oral administration. The antiprotozoal activity of Nitazoxanide is believed to be interference with the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxido Reductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependant electron transfer reaction. This reaction is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism of the protozoa. Nitazoxanide and its metabolites, tizoxanid are active in vitro in inhibiting the growth of sporozoites and oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.
    DosageView
    Age 1-3 years: 1 tea-spoonfull or 5 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.
    Age 4-11 years: 2 tea-spoonfulls or 10 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.
    Age 12 years or above: 5 tea-spoonfulls (25 ml) suspension or 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 days.

    It is recommended to be administered with food.
    Side effectsView
    The most frequent side effects, reported by Nitazoxanide are abdominal pain, vomiting and headache. These side effects are typically mild and transient in nature. Very rare side effects include- nausea, anorexia, flatulence, increased appetite, enlarged salivary glands, increased creatinine & SGPT level, pruritus, rhinitis, sweating, dizziness, discolored urine etc.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Nitazoxanide or any components of the preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Nitazoxanide must be administered with caution to patients with hepatic & biliary disease and to patients with renal disease.
    InteractionsView
    It is highly bound to plasma protein. Therefore, caution should be exercised when administering Nitazoxanide concurrently with other highly plasma protein-bound drugs with narrow therapeutic index.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Nitazoxanide is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nitazoxanide have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Nitazoxanide is administered during lactation.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alinix

    Nitazoxanide
    Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal

    Indications

    Giardiasis

    Indication detailsView
    Nitazoxanide is indicated for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Nitazoxanide is a synthetic antiprotozoal agent for oral administration. The antiprotozoal activity of Nitazoxanide is believed to be interference with the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxido Reductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependant electron transfer reaction. This reaction is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism of the protozoa. Nitazoxanide and its metabolites, tizoxanid are active in vitro in inhibiting the growth of sporozoites and oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.
    DosageView
    Age 1-3 years: 1 tea-spoonfull or 5 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.
    Age 4-11 years: 2 tea-spoonfulls or 10 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.
    Age 12 years or above: 5 tea-spoonfulls (25 ml) suspension or 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 days.

    It is recommended to be administered with food.
    Side effectsView
    The most frequent side effects, reported by Nitazoxanide are abdominal pain, vomiting and headache. These side effects are typically mild and transient in nature. Very rare side effects include- nausea, anorexia, flatulence, increased appetite, enlarged salivary glands, increased creatinine & SGPT level, pruritus, rhinitis, sweating, dizziness, discolored urine etc.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Nitazoxanide or any components of the preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Nitazoxanide must be administered with caution to patients with hepatic & biliary disease and to patients with renal disease.
    InteractionsView
    It is highly bound to plasma protein. Therefore, caution should be exercised when administering Nitazoxanide concurrently with other highly plasma protein-bound drugs with narrow therapeutic index.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Nitazoxanide is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nitazoxanide have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Nitazoxanide is administered during lactation.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alisa

    Garlitab
    Tablet Herbal Herbal and Nutraceuticals

    Indications

    Respiratory tract infections

    Indication detailsView
    Garlitab is indicated in-
    • Diabetes
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Gout
    • Respiratory tract infection
    • Bronchitis
    • Asthma
    • Dyspepsia
    • Flatulence
    • Hypertension
    • Hypercholesterolemia
    Therapeutic classView
    Herbal and Nutraceuticals
    PharmacologyView
    Garlitab is one of the most recommended unani medicine for better health and well-being, prepared with valuable herbal ingredients like Garlic (Allium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa) and other natural ingredients. Garlitab acts as prebiotic, helps to regulate blood glucose level. Garlitab dilates blood vessels, improves blood flow, decreases total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides & increases HDL, reduces the risk of hypertension. Garlitab is very effective in respiratory tract ailments, prevents infectious diseases & inflammations. Garlitab has antioxidant property & helps to reduce the risk of cancer.
    DosageView
    1-2 tablet(s) 2-3 times daily or as prescribed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.
    ContraindicationsView
    There is no known contraindication.
    PrecautionsView
    Keep out of reach of the children.
    StorageView
    Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.

    Alistin DT

    Acetylcysteine
    Dispersible Tablet 600 mg Allopathic Antidote preparations

    Indications

    Tuberculosis

    Indication detailsView
    Acetylcysteine is indicated as an adjuvant treatment in certain clinical condition characterized by the presence of thick and viscous mucoid or mucopurulent secretions such as: Chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema with bronchitis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, bronchiectasis); Acute bronchopulmonary diseases (asthma with bronchial mucus plugging, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis, pulmonary complications associated with surgery).
    Therapeutic classView
    Antidote preparations, Cough expectorants & mucolytics
    PharmacologyView
    Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that reduces the viscosity of secretions probably by the splitting of disulphide bonds in mucoproteins. Moreover it gives antisecretory effect. These results in clearing of respiratory ducts and facilitate breathing. Acetylcysteine also has anti-oxidant properties by reacting with free radicals and also by serving as a precursor to glutathione, which is an important intra and extra-cellular antioxidant. By providing anti-oxidant action, it neutralizes exogenous and endogenous oxidants, which in fact act as pathogens in respiratory inflammations.
    DosageView
    Effervescent tablet or Dispersible tablet: Adults and children above 6 years: One effervescent tablet of Acetylcysteine 600 mg a day (preferably in the evening). The duration of treatment should be 5 to 10 days in the acute treatment, whereas it may be continued in the chronic states for several months, according to the advice of the physician. Dissolve the tablets in a glass containing a small quantity of water, mixing it, if necessary, with a spoon. A palatable solution is thus obtained, which can be drunk directly from the glass.

    Effervescent Granules:
    • Adults and children above 6 years: 1 sachet Acetylcysteine 200 mg or 2 sachets Acetylcysteine 100 mg, 2-3 times a day.
    • Children (2-6 years of age): 1 sachet Acetylcysteine 100 mg from 2 to 4 times a day, according to the age.
    The duration of treatment should be 5 to 10 days in the acute treatment, whereas it may be continued in the chronic states for several months, according to the advice of the physician.

    Dissolve the contents of the sachets in a glass containing a small quantity of water; mixing it, if necessary, with a spoon. A palatable solution is thus obtained, which can be drunk directly from the glass.

    Nebuliser Solution: The 20% solution may be diluted to a lesser concentration with either Sodium Chloride for injection, Sodium Chloride for inhalation, sterile water for injection, or sterile water for inhalation.
    • Adult: 5-10 ml of 10% or 20% solution by Nebuliser every 6-8 hr PRN.
    • Children: 1-11 months: 1-2 ml of 20% or 2-4 ml of 10% solution by Nebuliser every 6-8 hr PRN.
    • 12 months-11 years: 3-5 ml of 20% or 6-10 ml of 10% solution by Nebuliser every 6-8 hr PRN.
    • Below 12 years: 5-10 ml of 10/20% solution by Nebuliser every 6-8 hr PRN.
    ** Diagnostic Bronchograms: 1-2 ml of 20% or 2-4 ml of 10% solution 2-3 times by Nebulisation or by instillation intratracheally prior to procedure.

    ** Nebulisation tent or croupette: This form of administration requires very large volumes of the solution, occasionally as much as 300 ml during a single treatment period. If a tent or croupette must be used, the recommended dose is the volume of acetylcysteine (using 20%) that will maintain a very heavy mist in the tent or croupette for the desired period. Administration for intermittent or continuous prolonged periods, including overnight, may be desirable.

    ** Direct Instillation: When used by direct instillation, 1-2 ml of a 20% solution may be given as often as every hour. When used for the routine nursing care of patients with tracheostomy, 1-2 ml of a 20% solution may be given every 1-4 hours by instillation into the tracheostomy.
    Side effectsView
    Like all medicines, Acetylcysteine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. In very rare cases, severe immune reactions may occur such as anaphylactic shock and severe skin reaction. In rare cases the oral administration can be followed by shortness of breath, upset stomach and bronchospasm. The most frequent side effects are headache, increased heart rate, stomatitis, pruritus, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, decrease in the blood pressure, diarrhoea and noises in the ears.
    ContraindicationsView
    Known hypersensitivity to Acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine contains aspartame, thus it is contraindicated in patients suffering from phenylketonuria.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients suffering from bronchial asthma must be strictly controlled during the therapy; should bronchospasm occur, the treatment must immediately be suspended. Caution should be taken in patients suffering from or with a history of peptic ulcer. As Viscotin contains sodium (156.9mg per dose) this has to be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet. The possible presence of a sulphureous odor does not indicate an alteration of the product but is a characteristic of the active ingredient contained in this preparation. It is preferable not to mix other drugs with the Viscotin solution.
    InteractionsView
    The thiol group of Acetylcysteine can reduce the efficacy of certain antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, macrolides, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and amphotericin. Concomitant use of Acetylcysteine and amoxicillin will increase the level of the antibiotic in tissues. It is, therefore, advisable to use the two medicines 2 hours apart from each other. Acetylcysteine can increase the inhibitory effect of thrombocyte aggregation and vasodialation by nitroglycerine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    In case of pregnancy & lactation the medicine should be taken consulting physician or pharmacist.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose of Acetylcysteine may cause nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

    Alivio

    Methyl Salicylate + Menthol
    Cream 15%+10% Allopathic Topical Analgesics

    Indications

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    Indication detailsView
    This cream is indicated for the fast relief of minor aches and pains of muscles & joints associated with-
    • Joint Pain
    • Back Pain
    • Arthritic Pain
    • Neck & Shoulder Pain
    • Sprains
    • Strains
    Therapeutic classView
    Local Antipruritic, Topical Analgesics, Topical anti-inflammatory preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This cream is a specially formulated Methyl salicylate and Menthol cream. It penetrates into skin to provide fast relief from pain and stiffness of minor arthritis and muscle aches. This cream is fast-acting, strong medicine that penetrates deep down to provide long-lasting and effective relief. Methyl salicylate has been shown that first-pass metabolism exists in the skin and rapidly hydrolyzing salicylate ester to release the active salicylate in both epidermis and dermis. It alleviates pain and inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins that occur in inflamed tissues. Menthol increases the penetration of drugs when applied on the skin to give a faster onset of action. It dilates the blood vessels causing a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect.
    DosageView
    Adult and children 2 years of age and older: Apply a thin layer to the affected area and gently massage until this cream disappears. Apply to the affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily.
    Side effectsView
    Redness or irritation may occur, especially in persons with sensitive skin. Adverse reactions possibly involved are mild to moderate local irritation, erythema, rash, desquamation, pruritis and relative local reaction at the application site.
    ContraindicationsView
    Allergy to salicylate or sensitivity to any of the components. Application to broken skin or raw surfaces is contraindicated.
    PrecautionsView
    For external use only. Use only as directed. Do not use with a heating pad. Keep away from children to avoid accidental ingestion. Do not swallow. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison control centre immediately. Do not bandage tightly. Keep away from eyes, mucous membranes, broken or irritated skin. If skin redness or excessive irritation develops, pain lasts for more than 10 days or with arthritis-like conditions in children under 12, do not use and call a physician.
    InteractionsView
    Methyl Salicylate is systemically absorbed through the skin in measurable amounts and may increase Warfarin action by affecting Vitamin K metabolism or by displacing warfarin from protein-binding sites.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This medication should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.
    Overdose effectsView
    Large amount of topical application may cause absorption through the skin and may cause salicylism. Symptoms of salicylism include tinnitus,hearing loss, nausea, vomiting etc.
    StorageView
    It should be stored in a cool and dry place, away from light, temperature not exceeding 30°C. Keep out of reach of children.

    Alivio Extra

    Methyl Salicylate + Menthol + Camphor
    Cream 30%+10%+4% Allopathic Topical anti-inflammatory preparations

    Indications

    Strains

    Indication detailsView
    This cream is indicated for the fast relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints e.g., Simple Backache, Arthritis, Strains, Bruises and Sprains.
    Therapeutic classView
    Topical anti-inflammatory preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This cream is a specially formulated Methyl salicylate, Menthol and Camphor cream. It penetrates into skin to provide fast relief from pain and stiffness of minor arthritis and muscle aches. It alleviates pain and inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins that occur in inflamed tissues. Methyl salicylate has been shown that first pass metabolism exists in the skin and rapidly hydrolyzing salicylate ester to release the active salicylate in both epidermis and dermis. Menthol increases the penetration of drugs when applied on the skin to give a faster onset of action. It dilates the blood vessels causing a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect. Camphor is a stimulant, used topically to increase local blood flow and as a 'counterirritant', which reduces pain & swelling. When in combination with other ingredients like menthol, methyl salicylate, it becomes ideal for neuralgia and other painful areas.
    DosageView
    Adults and children (12 years of age and older): Apply to affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily.

    Children under 12 years of age: Use on advice of a physician.
    Side effectsView
    Redness or irritation may occur, especially in persons with sensitive skin.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to salicylate or any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    For external use only. Do not use-
    • on wounds or damaged skin
    • with a heating pad
    • on a child under 12 years of age with arthritis-like conditions.
    InteractionsView
    There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This medication should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkamax

    Potassium Citrate + Citric Acid
    Oral Solution (1500 mg+250 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation

    Indications

    Urine alkalinisation

    Indication detailsView
    This preparation is indicated in the following cases:
    • To relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections
    • To prevent kidney stone
    • With uricosuric agent to prevent gout
    • Acidosis caused by kidney diseases
    Therapeutic classView
    Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation, Urinary Alkalinizing Agent
    PharmacologyView
    Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid oral solution is a stable and pleasant-tasting oral systemic alkalizer. Potassium Citrate is absorbed and metabolized to Potassium Bicarbonate, thus acting as a systemic alkalizer. This product alkalinizes the urine without producing a systemic alkalosis in recommended doses. It is highly palatable, pleasant tasting and tolerable, even when administered for long periods. Potassium Citrate does not neutralize the gastric juice or disturb digestion.
    DosageView
    To relieve discomfort in UTI:
    • Adults and children over 6 years: 10 ml 3 times daily, diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Children 1-6 years: 5 ml 3 times daily, diluted with ½ glass of water.
    To prevent kidney stones, With a uricosuric agent to prevent gout, Acidosis caused by kidney diseases:
    • Adults: 10-15 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Pediatric: 5-10 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with ½ glass of water.
    Side effectsView
    This solution is generally well tolerated without any unpleasant side effect when given in recommended doses to patients with normal renal function and urinary output. However, as with any alkalinizing agent, caution must be used in certain patients with abnormal renal mechanisms to avoid development of hyperkalemia or alkalosis. Potassium intoxication causes listlessness, weakness, mental confusion, tingling of extremities and other symptoms associated with a high concentration of Potassium in the serum.
    ContraindicationsView
    The drug is contraindicated in severe renal impairment with oliguria or azotemia, untreated Addison's disease, acute dehydration, severe myocardial damage and hyperkalemia from any cause.
    PrecautionsView
    The solution should be used with caution in patients with low urinary output. It should be diluted adequately with water to minimize the possibility of gastrointestinal injury associated with the oral ingestion of concentrated Potassium salt preparations; and preferably, to take each dose after meals. Large doses may cause hyperkalemia and alkalosis, especially in the presence of renal disease.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of potassium-containing medication, potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or cardiac glycosides may lead to toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    No information is available regarding the use of this drug during pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    The administration of oral Potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, hyperkalemia can result. Hyperkalemia, when detected, must be treated immediately because lethal levels can be reached in a few hours. If hyperkalemia occurs, treatment measures will include the followings: (1) Elimination of foods or medications containing potassium. (2) The intravenous administration of 300 to 500 ml/hr of dextrose solution (10 to 25%), containing 10 units of insulin/20 gm dextrose. (3) The use of exchange resins, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkamin

    Chlorpheniramine Maleate
    Syrup 2 mg/5 ml Allopathic Sedating Anti-histamine

    Indications

    Watery eye

    Indication detailsView
    Chlorpheniramine Maleate is indicated in the following indications-
    • Urticaria
    • Sensitivity reactions
    • Angioneurotic edema
    • Vasomotor rhinitis
    • Cough
    • Common cold
    • Motion sickness and
    • Other allergic conditions.
    Therapeutic classView
    Sedating Anti-histamine
    PharmacologyView
    Chlorpheniramine Maleate is an alkylamine antihistamine. It is one of the most potent histamine H1-receptor blocking agents which is used as a potent antihistamine. This generally causes less sedation than promethazine. Chlorpheniramine Maleate exerts its effects by blocking H1-receptor competitively.
    DosageView
    Adult- Usual adult dose is 4 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum 24 mg daily.

    Child-
    • 6-12 years: 2 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum 12 mg daily.
    • 2-5 years: 1 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum 6 mg daily.
    • 1-2 years: 1 mg twice daily.
    Below 1 year the use of Chlorpheniramine Maleate is not recommended.
    Side effectsView
    Chlorpheniramine is well-tolerated, but sometimes drowsiness, dizziness, muscular weakness, and gastrointestinal upset may occur.
    ContraindicationsView
    Chlorpheniramine is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to this agent, in newborn or premature infants.
    PrecautionsView
    Chlorpheniramine should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma and prostatic hypertrophy. During therapy with chlorpheniramine, caution should be taken in driving vehicles and operating machinery.
    InteractionsView
    Chlorphenamine maleate has been reported to be incompatible with calcium chloride, kanamycin sulfate, noradrenaline acid tartrate, pentobarbital sodium, and meglumine adipiodone.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This drug should not be used in lactating mother and in pregnancy especially during the first trimester of pregnancy.
    Overdose effectsView
    CNS depression (including sedation, apnea, CV collapse), CNS stimulation (including insomnia, hallucination, tremors, convulsions), tinnitus, blurred vision, dizziness, ataxia, hypotension. Stimulation and atropine-like signs and symptoms (including dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing, hyperthermia, Gl symptoms) are more likely in children.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool (Below 25°C temperature) and dry place protected from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkanon

    Nabumetone
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Nabumetone is indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Nabumetone and other treatment options before deciding to use Nabumetone. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis
    PharmacologyView
    Nabumetone is a naphthylalkanone. Is is a non-selective prostaglandin G/H synthase (a.k.a. cyclooxygenase or COX) inhibitor that acts on both prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and -2). Prostaglandin G/H synthase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2. Prostaglandin H2 is the precursor to a number of prostaglandins involved in fever, pain, swelling, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. The parent compound is a prodrug that undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active compound, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA). The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs occur as a result of decreased prostaglandin synthesis.

    The parent compound is a prodrug, which undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active component, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA), that is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, most likely through binding to the COX-2 and COX-1 receptors.
    DosageView
    Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The recommended starting dose is 1,000 mg taken as a single dose with or without food. Some patients may obtain more symptomatic relief from 1,500 mg to 2,000 mg per day. Nabumetone can be given in either a single or twice-daily dose. Dosages greater than 2,000 mg per day have not been studied. The lowest effective dose should be used for chronic treatment.  Patients weighing under 50 kg may be less likely to require dosages beyond 1,000 mg; therefore, after observing the response to initial therapy, the dose should be adjusted to meet individual patients’ requirements.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (14%), dyspepsia (13%), abdominal pain (12%), constipation, flatulence, nausea, positive stool guaiac, dry mouth, gastritis, stomatitis, vomiting.

    Central Nervous System: Dizziness, headache, fatigue, increased sweating, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence.

    Dermatologic: Pruritus, rash

    Special Senses: Tinnitus

    Miscellaneous: Edema
    ContraindicationsView
    Nabumetone is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nabumetone or its excipients. Nabumetone should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergictype reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients. Nabumetone is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
    PrecautionsView
    Nabumetone cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids. The pharmacological activity of Nabumetone in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions
    InteractionsView
    Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE-inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. Reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Nabumetone should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk, however 6MNA is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Nabumetone, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

    Labor and Delivery: In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of Nabumetone on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Use: As with any NSAIDs, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms following acute NSAIDs overdoses are usually limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which are generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and coma may occur, but are rare. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.

    Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care following a NSAIDs overdose. There are no specific antidotes. Emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, 1 to 2 g/kg in children), and/or osmotic cathartic may be indicated in patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms or following a large overdose (5 to 10 times the usual dose). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.

    There have been overdoses of up to 25 grams of Nabumetone reported with no long-term sequelae following standard emergency treatment (i.e., activated charcoal, gastric lavage, IV H2-blockers, etc.).
    StorageView
    Store at 25°C; excursions permitted to 15-30°C in well-closed container; dispense in light-resistant container.

    Alkanon

    Nabumetone
    Tablet 750 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Nabumetone is indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Nabumetone and other treatment options before deciding to use Nabumetone. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis
    PharmacologyView
    Nabumetone is a naphthylalkanone. Is is a non-selective prostaglandin G/H synthase (a.k.a. cyclooxygenase or COX) inhibitor that acts on both prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and -2). Prostaglandin G/H synthase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2. Prostaglandin H2 is the precursor to a number of prostaglandins involved in fever, pain, swelling, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. The parent compound is a prodrug that undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active compound, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA). The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs occur as a result of decreased prostaglandin synthesis.

    The parent compound is a prodrug, which undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active component, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA), that is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, most likely through binding to the COX-2 and COX-1 receptors.
    DosageView
    Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The recommended starting dose is 1,000 mg taken as a single dose with or without food. Some patients may obtain more symptomatic relief from 1,500 mg to 2,000 mg per day. Nabumetone can be given in either a single or twice-daily dose. Dosages greater than 2,000 mg per day have not been studied. The lowest effective dose should be used for chronic treatment.  Patients weighing under 50 kg may be less likely to require dosages beyond 1,000 mg; therefore, after observing the response to initial therapy, the dose should be adjusted to meet individual patients’ requirements.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (14%), dyspepsia (13%), abdominal pain (12%), constipation, flatulence, nausea, positive stool guaiac, dry mouth, gastritis, stomatitis, vomiting.

    Central Nervous System: Dizziness, headache, fatigue, increased sweating, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence.

    Dermatologic: Pruritus, rash

    Special Senses: Tinnitus

    Miscellaneous: Edema
    ContraindicationsView
    Nabumetone is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nabumetone or its excipients. Nabumetone should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergictype reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients. Nabumetone is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
    PrecautionsView
    Nabumetone cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids. The pharmacological activity of Nabumetone in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions
    InteractionsView
    Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE-inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. Reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Nabumetone should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk, however 6MNA is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Nabumetone, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

    Labor and Delivery: In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of Nabumetone on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Use: As with any NSAIDs, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms following acute NSAIDs overdoses are usually limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which are generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and coma may occur, but are rare. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.

    Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care following a NSAIDs overdose. There are no specific antidotes. Emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, 1 to 2 g/kg in children), and/or osmotic cathartic may be indicated in patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms or following a large overdose (5 to 10 times the usual dose). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.

    There have been overdoses of up to 25 grams of Nabumetone reported with no long-term sequelae following standard emergency treatment (i.e., activated charcoal, gastric lavage, IV H2-blockers, etc.).
    StorageView
    Store at 25°C; excursions permitted to 15-30°C in well-closed container; dispense in light-resistant container.

    Alkaparol

    Paracetamol
    Oral Suspension 120 mg/5 ml Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

    Indications

    Toothache

    Indication detailsView
    Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non opioid analgesics
    PharmacologyView
    Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
    • Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.
    Extended Release Tablet:
    • Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.
    Syrup/Suspension:
    • Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • 6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    • Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
    Suppository:
    • Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
    • Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
    • Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
    • Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.
    Paediatric Drop:
    • Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
    • 4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
    • 7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.
    Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.
    • Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
    • Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.
    PrecautionsView
    Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.
    InteractionsView
    Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkatrim

    Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
    Oral Suspension (200 mg+40 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cotrimoxazole is bactericidal in vitro to a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, B. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus spp., Haemophilus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Brucella, Pneumocystis carinii, Nocardia and Bordetella. A particularly high degree of activity is exhibited against Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli and Proteus spp., making Cotrimoxazole particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and urinary tract infections. Cotrimoxazole exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of Folinic acid in the micro-organisms. The synergy thus produced accounts for the high degree of bactericidal activity.

    Indications are :
    • Respiratory tract infections, including acute and chronic bronchitis (treatment and prophylaxis), bronchiectasis, lung abscess, lobar and broncho-pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
    • Genito-urinary tract infections, including urethritis, acute and chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis and gonorrhoea.
    • Gastro-intestinal tract infections, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, including the chronic carrier state.
    • Other infections, caused by a wide range of organisms confirmed to be susceptible to Cotrimoxazole and where the therapeutic benefits are considered to outweigh the possible occurrence of adverse events.
    • Such infections include acute and chronic osteomyelitis, acute brucellosis, skin infections including pyoderma, abscesses and wound infections, septicaemia, bacillary dysentery and cholera (as an adjuvant to fluid and electrolyte replacement), nocardiosis and mycetoma.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs, Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim
    PharmacologyView
    Cotrimoxazole having broad spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Co-trimoxazole containing Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in a 1:5 combination exerts its bactericidal action by the sequential blockade of two bacterial enzyme systems in the biosynthesis of folinic acid in the microorganism.
    DosageView
    Cotrimoxazole double strength tablet: Over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 1 tablet twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 1.5 tablets twice daily.
    • Long term therapy (>14 days): 0.5 tablet twice daily.
    • Gonorrhoea: 2 tablets every 12 hours for two days or 2.5 tablets followed by a further dose of 2.5 tablets after 8 hours.
    Cotrimoxazole tablet: over 12 years
    • For mild to moderate infections: 2 tablets twice daily.
    • For severe infections: 2 tablets thrice daily.
    • Long term therapy: (>14 days): 1 tablet twice daily.
    Cotrimoxazole suspension: Under 12 years
    • 6-12 years: 2 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 month-5 years: 1 teaspoonful twice daily.
    • 6 weeks-6 months: 0.5 teaspoonful twice daily.
    Side effectsView
    The side effects like crystalluria, allergic reactions, haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis etc. have been reported rarely with Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim combination. Other side effects are less serious in nature such as malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting. These are normally transient and do not require withdrawal of treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    • Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulphonamides.
    • Patients with documented megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency.
    • Patients showing marked liver parenchymal damage, blood dyscrasia, severe renal insufficiency, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
    PrecautionsView
    Prolonged full dose treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination is associated with the risk of macrocytic anaemia due to the drug’s interference in the conversion of Folic acid into Folinic acid. If this occurs, it can be reversed by giving Folinic acid. Care should be taken when giving this combination to diabetic patients receiving sulphonylurea drug for possible potentiation of action of sulphonylurea.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy and during the nursing period, because sulphonamides pass the placenta and are excreted in the breast milk and may cause kernicterus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkazol

    Metronidazole
    Oral Suspension 200 mg/5 ml Allopathic Amoebicides

    Indications

    Vaginal trichomoniasis

    Indication detailsView
    Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of following diseases:
    • The prevention of post-operative infections due to anaerobic bacteria (particularly species of bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci).
    • The treatment of septicaemia, bacteraemia, peritonitis, brain abscess, pelvic abscess, pelvic cellulitis and post-operative wound infections caused by anaerobes.
    • In the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.
    • Bacterial vaginosis (also known as non-specific vaginitis).
    • All forms of amoebiasis (intestinal, extra-intestinal disease and that of symptomless cyst passers).
    • Giardiasis.
    • Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
    • Anaerobically infected leg ulcers and pressure sores.
    • Acute dental infections due to anaerobic organisms.
    • Antibiotic associated pseudomembranus colitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Amoebicides, Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal
    PharmacologyView
    Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial drug and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal agent. The 5-nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by anaerobes metabolically. Studies have demonstrated that the reduced form of this drug interacts with DNA and gives bactericidal action of Metronidazole.
    DosageView

    Tablet and Suspension:

    Trichomoniasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid or 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 800 mg in the morning and 1-2 gm at night for 2 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Trichomoniasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)- 
    • 800 mg tid for 5 days
    Intestinal amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 200 mg tid
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400-800 mg tid for 5-10 days
    Extra-intestinal & Asymptomatic amoebiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 200-400 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100-200 mg qid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 100-200 mg tid
    Giardiasis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 2 gm once daily for 3 days
    Giardiasis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 1 gm once daily
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 600-800 mg once daily
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 500 mg once daily
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3 days
    Acute ulcerative  gingivitis (Children)-
    • Children 7-10 yrs: 100 mg tid
    • Children 3-7 yrs: 100 mg bid
    • Children 1-3 yrs: 50 mg tid
    Acute dental infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 200 mg tid for 3-7 days
    Bacterial Vaginosis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg bid for 7 days
    • 2 gm as a single dose for 1 days
    Leg ulcers and pressure sores (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 800 mg initially and then 400 mg tid for 7 days
    Anaerobic infections (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid
    Surgical prophylaxis (Adults & Children over 10 yrs)-
    • 400 mg tid started 24  hours before  surgery for 1 days
    Surgical prophylaxis (Children)-
    • Children 1-10 yrs: 7.5 mg/kg tid

    Vaginal Gel:

    The recommended dose is one applicator full of Metronidazole gel (approximately 5 grams containing approximately 37.5 mg of Metronidazole) intravaginally once or twice a day for 5 days. For once a day dosing, Metronidazole gel should be administered at bedtime.


    Suppository:

    Anaerobic Infections-
    • Adults: 1 g every 8 hours for 3 days, then 1 g every 12 hours.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, then every 12 hours, Over 10 years adult dose.
    Surgical Prophylaxis-
    • Adults: 1 g 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Children: 5-10 years: 500 mg 2 hours before surgery; up to 3 further doses of 500 mg may be given every 8 hours for high risk procedures.


    IV Infusion:

    Metronidazole intravenous infusion requires no dilution and should not be mixed with any other drugs prior to administration.
    • Adults and children over 12 years: Infuse 500 mg 8 hourly at a rate of 5 ml/minute and a maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Treatment for 7 days is sufficient for most patients, but treatment can be extended, especially for cases where reinfection is likely. For surgical prophylaxis, administration shortly before surgery should be followed by 8-hourly doses for the next 24 hours.
    • Children under 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day every 8 hours at a rate of 5 ml/minute.
    Side effectsView
    Metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, rashes may be observed during treatment.
    ContraindicationsView
    Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Metronidazole or other Nitroimidazole derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    • If for compelling reasons, metronidazole must be administered longer than the usually recommended duration, it is recommended that hematological tests, especially leucocyte count should be carried out regularly and that patients should be monitored for adverse reactions such as peripheral or central neuropathy (such as paresthesia, ataxia, dizziness, convulsive seizures).
    • Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
    • Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.
    InteractionsView
    • Disulfiram: Psychotic reactions have been reported in patients who were using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently.
    • Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and drugs containing alcohol should not be consumed during therapy and for at least one day afterwards because of the possibility of a disulfiram-like (antabuse effect) reaction (flushing, vomiting, tachycardia). Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin type): Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect and increased hemorrhagic risk caused by decreased hepatic catabolism. In case of co-administration, prothrombin time should be more frequently monitored and anticoagulant therapy adjusted during treatment with metronidazole.
    • Lithium: Plasma levels of lithium may be increased by metronidazole.
    • Cyclosporin: Serum cyclosporin and serum creatinine should be closely monitored when co-administration is necessary.
    • Phenytoin or phenobarbital: increased elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma levels.
    • 5-Fluorouracil: Reduced clearance of 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
    • Busulfan: Plasma levels of busulfan may be increased by metronidazole, which may lead to severe busulfan toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy Category of Metronidazole is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Metronidazole have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Metronidazole is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Hepatic impairment: Metronidazole is mainly metabolised by hepatic oxidation. Substantial impairment of metronidazole clearance may occur in the presence of advanced hepatic insufficiency. Significant cumulation may occur in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and the resulting high plasma concentrations of metronidazole may contribute to the symptoms of the encephalopathy. Metronidazole should therefore, be administered with caution to patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The daily dosage should be reduced to one third and may be administered once daily. Patients should be warned that metronidazole may darken urine.

    Renal impairment: The elimination half-life of metronidazole remains unchanged in the presence of renal failure. The dosage of metronidazole therefore needs no reduction. Such patients however retain the metabolites of metronidazole. The clinical significance of this is not known at present. In patients undergoing haemodialysis metronidazole and metabolites are efficiently removed during an eight hour period of dialysis. Metronidazole should therefore be re-administered immediately after haemodialysis. No routine adjustment in the dosage of Metronidazole need be made in patients with renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IDP) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
    Overdose effectsView
    Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 12 g have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms were limited to vomiting, ataxia and slight disorientation. There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdosages. In case of suspected massive overdosages, a symptomatic and supportive treatment should be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C. Keep protected from light. Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry.

    Alken

    Potassium Citrate + Citric Acid
    Oral Solution (1500 mg+250 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation

    Indications

    Urine alkalinisation

    Indication detailsView
    This preparation is indicated in the following cases:
    • To relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections
    • To prevent kidney stone
    • With uricosuric agent to prevent gout
    • Acidosis caused by kidney diseases
    Therapeutic classView
    Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation, Urinary Alkalinizing Agent
    PharmacologyView
    Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid oral solution is a stable and pleasant-tasting oral systemic alkalizer. Potassium Citrate is absorbed and metabolized to Potassium Bicarbonate, thus acting as a systemic alkalizer. This product alkalinizes the urine without producing a systemic alkalosis in recommended doses. It is highly palatable, pleasant tasting and tolerable, even when administered for long periods. Potassium Citrate does not neutralize the gastric juice or disturb digestion.
    DosageView
    To relieve discomfort in UTI:
    • Adults and children over 6 years: 10 ml 3 times daily, diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Children 1-6 years: 5 ml 3 times daily, diluted with ½ glass of water.
    To prevent kidney stones, With a uricosuric agent to prevent gout, Acidosis caused by kidney diseases:
    • Adults: 10-15 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Pediatric: 5-10 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with ½ glass of water.
    Side effectsView
    This solution is generally well tolerated without any unpleasant side effect when given in recommended doses to patients with normal renal function and urinary output. However, as with any alkalinizing agent, caution must be used in certain patients with abnormal renal mechanisms to avoid development of hyperkalemia or alkalosis. Potassium intoxication causes listlessness, weakness, mental confusion, tingling of extremities and other symptoms associated with a high concentration of Potassium in the serum.
    ContraindicationsView
    The drug is contraindicated in severe renal impairment with oliguria or azotemia, untreated Addison's disease, acute dehydration, severe myocardial damage and hyperkalemia from any cause.
    PrecautionsView
    The solution should be used with caution in patients with low urinary output. It should be diluted adequately with water to minimize the possibility of gastrointestinal injury associated with the oral ingestion of concentrated Potassium salt preparations; and preferably, to take each dose after meals. Large doses may cause hyperkalemia and alkalosis, especially in the presence of renal disease.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of potassium-containing medication, potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or cardiac glycosides may lead to toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    No information is available regarding the use of this drug during pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    The administration of oral Potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, hyperkalemia can result. Hyperkalemia, when detected, must be treated immediately because lethal levels can be reached in a few hours. If hyperkalemia occurs, treatment measures will include the followings: (1) Elimination of foods or medications containing potassium. (2) The intravenous administration of 300 to 500 ml/hr of dextrose solution (10 to 25%), containing 10 units of insulin/20 gm dextrose. (3) The use of exchange resins, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Alkenib

    Lapatinib
    Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

    Indications

    Carcinoma

    Indication detailsView
    Lapatinib, a kinase inhibitor, is indicated in combination with:
    • Capecitabine, for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 and who have received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab.
    • Letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 receptor for whom hormonal therapy is indicated.
    Lapatinib in combination with an aromatase inhibitor has not been compared to a trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
    Therapeutic classView
    Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
    PharmacologyView
    Lapatinib is a 4-anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR [ErbB1]) and Human Epidermal Receptor Type 2 (HER2 [ErbB2]) receptors. It blocks the phosphorylation and activation of downstream 2nd messengers (Erk1/2 and Akt) which regulate cellular proliferation and survival of ErbB- and ErbB2-expressing tumours.
    DosageView
    The recommended dosage of Lapatinib for advanced or metastatic breast cancer is 1,250 mg (5 tablets) given orally once daily on Days 1-21 continuously in combination with capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2/day (administered orally in 2 doses approximately 12 hours apart) on Days 1-14 in a repeating 21 day cycle.

    The recommended dose of Lapatinib for hormone receptor positive, HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer is 1500 mg (6 tablets) given orally once daily continuously in combination with letrozole. When Lapatinib is coadministered with letrozole, the recommended dose of letrozole is 2.5 mg once daily.
    • Lapatinib should be taken at least one hour before or one hour after a meal. However, capecitabine should be taken with food or within 30 minutes after food.
    • Lapatinib should be taken once daily. Do not divide daily doses of Lapatinib.
    • Modify dose for cardiac and other toxicities, severe hepatic impairment, and CYP3A4 drug interactions.
    AdministrationView
    Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hr before or 1 hr after a meal. Do not eat/drink grapefruit products.
    Side effectsView
    GI disturbances, dermatological reactions (e.g. palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, rash), fatigue, decreases in LVEF, QT interval prolongation, stomatitis, mucosal inflammation, pain in extremities, back pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, epistaxis, alopecia, nail disorders (e.g. paronychia), interstitial lung disease, pneumonitis and hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated to hypersensitivity to any other ingredient of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    Patient with hypokalaemia or hypomagnesaemia, congenital QT prolongation. Severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.
    InteractionsView
    May increase the serum levels of CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and P-glycoprotein substrates. Increased exposure with CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, ritonavir). CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, rifampicin) may reduce exposure to lapatinib. Increased risk of QT prolongation with drugs known to prolong QT intervals (e.g. antiarrythmic agents, cumulative high-dose anthracycline therapy). May increase serum levels of digoxin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category D. There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).
    Pediatric usageView
    Patient on potent CYP3A4 inhibitor-
    • HER2 overexpressing advanced or metastatic breast cancer: Increase gradually from 1.25 g daily up to 4.5 g daily.
    • HER2 overexpressing hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer: Increase gradually from 1.5 g daily up to 5.5 g daily.
    Hepatic Impairment (Severe)-
    • HER2 overexpressing advanced or metastatic breast cancer: 750 mg once daily.
    • HER2 overexpressing hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer: 1 g once daily.
    StorageView
    Store between 15-30° C.

    Alkuli

    Buzuri
    Syrup Herbal Herbal and Nutraceuticals

    Indications

    Secondary amenorrhoea

    Indication detailsView
    Buzuri is indicated in-
    • Pyrexia
    • Annuria
    • Oliguria
    • Amenorrhoea
    • Hepatitis
    • Jaundice
    • It is also very effective to clear the morbid substances from the liver and kidney.
    Therapeutic classView
    Herbal and Nutraceuticals
    PharmacologyView
    Buzuri is a time tested modern unani medicine, prepared with Chicory (Cichorium endivia) root & seed, Small Caltrops (Tribulus terrestris), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) root & seed and others valuable natural ingredients. Buzuri acts as prebiotic, antioxidant, febrifuge, diuretic and also acts as detoxifier and cleanser of liver and kidney. Buzuri relieves inflammation and normalizes body temperature. It is effective in oliguria, urinary tract infection, jaundice, hepatitis and amenorrhoea.
    DosageView
    Adults: 2-4 teaspoonfuls 2-4 times daily.
    Children: 1-2 teaspoonful(s) 2-4 times daily or as prescribed by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.
    ContraindicationsView
    There is no known contraindication.
    PrecautionsView
    Keep out of reach of the children.
    StorageView
    Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.

    Alkurin

    Potassium Citrate + Citric Acid
    Oral Solution (1500 mg+250 mg)/5 ml Allopathic Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation

    Indications

    Urine alkalinisation

    Indication detailsView
    This preparation is indicated in the following cases:
    • To relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections
    • To prevent kidney stone
    • With uricosuric agent to prevent gout
    • Acidosis caused by kidney diseases
    Therapeutic classView
    Prevention of repeated kidney stone formation, Urinary Alkalinizing Agent
    PharmacologyView
    Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid oral solution is a stable and pleasant-tasting oral systemic alkalizer. Potassium Citrate is absorbed and metabolized to Potassium Bicarbonate, thus acting as a systemic alkalizer. This product alkalinizes the urine without producing a systemic alkalosis in recommended doses. It is highly palatable, pleasant tasting and tolerable, even when administered for long periods. Potassium Citrate does not neutralize the gastric juice or disturb digestion.
    DosageView
    To relieve discomfort in UTI:
    • Adults and children over 6 years: 10 ml 3 times daily, diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Children 1-6 years: 5 ml 3 times daily, diluted with ½ glass of water.
    To prevent kidney stones, With a uricosuric agent to prevent gout, Acidosis caused by kidney diseases:
    • Adults: 10-15 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with 1 glass of water.
    • Pediatric: 5-10 ml 4 times daily (or as directed by the physician) diluted with ½ glass of water.
    Side effectsView
    This solution is generally well tolerated without any unpleasant side effect when given in recommended doses to patients with normal renal function and urinary output. However, as with any alkalinizing agent, caution must be used in certain patients with abnormal renal mechanisms to avoid development of hyperkalemia or alkalosis. Potassium intoxication causes listlessness, weakness, mental confusion, tingling of extremities and other symptoms associated with a high concentration of Potassium in the serum.
    ContraindicationsView
    The drug is contraindicated in severe renal impairment with oliguria or azotemia, untreated Addison's disease, acute dehydration, severe myocardial damage and hyperkalemia from any cause.
    PrecautionsView
    The solution should be used with caution in patients with low urinary output. It should be diluted adequately with water to minimize the possibility of gastrointestinal injury associated with the oral ingestion of concentrated Potassium salt preparations; and preferably, to take each dose after meals. Large doses may cause hyperkalemia and alkalosis, especially in the presence of renal disease.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of potassium-containing medication, potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or cardiac glycosides may lead to toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    No information is available regarding the use of this drug during pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    The administration of oral Potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, hyperkalemia can result. Hyperkalemia, when detected, must be treated immediately because lethal levels can be reached in a few hours. If hyperkalemia occurs, treatment measures will include the followings: (1) Elimination of foods or medications containing potassium. (2) The intravenous administration of 300 to 500 ml/hr of dextrose solution (10 to 25%), containing 10 units of insulin/20 gm dextrose. (3) The use of exchange resins, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Allbeevit

    Vitamin B complex
    IM/IV Injection Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin-B complex contains the most important members of the vitamin B group in pure form and in therapeutically balanced proportions. The members of the vitamin B group contained in Vitamin-B complex are components of enzyme systems that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Deficiency of B vitamin causes glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, polyneuritis, beriberi, pellagra and vascularisation of cornea.
    DosageView
    Tablet/ capsule: usual recommended dose is 1-2 tablet/capsule 3 times daily or as directed by the physician.

    Syrup: 2-3 teaspoonful daily or as directed by the physician.

    Injection: It is for intramuscular and intravenous administration. Usual recommended dose is 2 ml daily or as directed by the physician. In addition with Thiamine, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide, Pyridoxine; injectable dosage from contains D-Panthenol 5 mg.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions have been reported with specific vitamins and minerals, but generally at levels substantially higher than those in Vitamin-B complex. However, allergic and idiosyncratic reactions are possible at lower levels. Iron, even at the usual recommended level has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin-B complex is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components.
    InteractionsView
    As little as 5 mg pyridoxine daily can decrease the efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. Therefore, Vitamin-B complex is not recommended for patients undergoing such therapy
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    It is safe to use Vitamin-B complex in pregnancy and lactation.