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    Eletam

    Levetiracetam
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Adjunct anti-epileptic drugs

    Indications

    Seizures

    Indication detailsView
    Levetiracetam is indicated as monotherapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Levetiracetam is indicated as adjunctive therapy-
    • in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults, adolescents, children and infants from 1 month of age with epilepsy.
    • in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.
    • in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy.
    Therapeutic classView
    Adjunct anti-epileptic drugs
    DosageView
    Adults and adolescents from 16 years of age: The recommended starting dose is 250 mg twice daily which should be increased to an initial therapeutic dose of 500 mg twice daily after two weeks. The dose can be further increased by 250 mg twice daily every two weeks depending upon the clinical response. The maximum dose is 1500 mg twice daily.

    Adults (≥18 years) and adolescents (12 to 17 years) weighing 50 kg or more: The initial therapeutic dose is 500 mg twice daily. This dose can be started on the first day of treatment. Depending upon the clinical response and tolerability, the daily dose can be increased up to 1,500 mg twice daily. Dose changes can be made in 500 mg twice daily increases or decrease every two to four weeks.

    Pediatric population: The tablet formulation is not adapted for use in infants and children under the age of 6 years. Oral solution is the preferred formulation for use in this population. In addition, the available dose strengths of the tablets are not appropriate for initial treatment in children weighing less than 25 kg, for patients unable to swallow tablets or for the administration of doses below 250 mg. In all of the above cases, oral solution should be used.

    • Monotherapy: The safety and efficacy of levetiracetam in children and adolescents below 16 years as monotherapy treatment have not been established.
    • Add-on therapy: Oral solution is the preferred formulation for use in infants and children under the age of 6 years. For children 6 years and above, oral solution should be used for doses under 250 mg, for doses not in multiples of 250 mg when dosing recommendation is not achievable by taking multiple tablets and for patients unable to swallow tablets. The lowest effective dose should be used. The starting dose for a child or adolescent of 25 kg should be 250 mg twice daily with a maximum dose of 750 mg twice daily. Dosing for children 50 kg or greater is the same as in adults.
    • Add-on therapy: For infants aged from 1 month to less than 6 months: The oral solution is the formulation to use in infants.
    AdministrationView
    The flm-coated tablets must be taken orally, swallowed with a sufcient quantity of liquid and may be taken with or without food. The daily dose is administered in two equally divided doses.
    Side effectsView
    Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% more than placebo) include:
    • Adult patients: somnolence, asthenia, infection and dizziness
    • Pediatric patients: fatigue, aggression, nasal congestion, decreased appetite, and irritability
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to the active substance or other pyrrolidone derivatives or to any of the excipients.
    PrecautionsView
    Renal impairment: The administration of levetiracetam to patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustment. In patients with severely impaired hepatic function, assessment of renal function is recommended before dose selection.

    Acute kidney injury: The use of levetiracetam has been very rarely associated with acute kidney injury with a time to onset ranging from a few days to several months.

    Blood cell counts: Rare cases of decreased blood cell counts (neutropenia, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia) have been described in association with levetiracetam administration, generally at the beginning of the treatment. Complete blood cell counts are advised in patients experiencing important weakness, pyrexia, recurrent infections or coagulation disorders.

    Suicide: Suicide, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and behaviour have been reported in patients treated with anti-epileptic agents (including levetiracetam). A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of anti-epileptic medicinal products has shown a small increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. The mechanism of this risk is not known. Therefore patients should be monitored for signs of depression and/or suicidal ideation and behaviours and appropriate treatment should be considered. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be advised to seek medical advice should signs of depression and/or suicidal ideation or behaviour emerge.

    Paediatric population: The tablet formulation is not adapted for use in infants and children under the age of 6 years. Available data in children did not suggest an impact on growth and puberty. However, long term effects on learning, intelligence, growth, endocrine function, puberty and childbearing potential in children remain unknown.
    InteractionsView
    Antiepileptic medicinal products: Pre-marketing data from clinical studies conducted in adults indicate that levetiracetam did not influence the serum concentrations of existing antiepileptic medicinal products (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, gabapentin and primidone) and that these antiepileptic medicinal products did not influence the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam.

    Probenecid: Probenecid (500 mg four times daily), a renal tubular secretion blocking agent, has been shown to inhibit the renal clearance of the primary metabolite but not of levetiracetam. Nevertheless, the concentration of this metabolite remains low.

    Methotrexate: Concomitant administration of levetiracetam and methotrexate has been reported to decrease methotrexate clearance, resulting in increased/prolonged blood methotrexate concentration to potentially toxic levels. Blood methotrexate and levetiracetam levels should be carefully monitored in patients treated concomitantly with the two drugs.

    Laxatives: There have been isolated reports of decreased levetiracetam efficacy when the osmotic laxative macrogol has been concomitantly administered with oral levetiracetam. Therefore, macrogol should not be taken orally for one hour before and for one hour after taking levetiracetam.

    Food and alcohol: The extent of absorption of levetiracetam was not altered by food, but the rate of absorption was slightly reduced. No data on the interaction of levetiracetam with alcohol are available.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Levetiracetam is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception unless clinically necessary. Levetiracetam is excreted in human breast milk. Therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended. However, if levetiracetam treatment is needed during breastfeeding, the benefit/risk of the treatment should be weighed considering the importance of breastfeeding. No impact on fertility was detected in animal studies. No clinical data are available, the potential risk for humans is unknown.
    Pediatric usageView
    Elderly (65 years and older): Adjustment of the dose is recommended in elderly patients with compromised renal function.

    Renal impairment: The daily dose must be individualized according to renal function.

    Hepatic impairment: No dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the creatinine clearance may underestimate renal insufficiency. Therefore a 50 % reduction of the daily maintenance dose is recommended when the creatinine clearance is < 60 ml/min.
    Overdose effectsView
    Somnolence, agitation, aggression, depressed level of consciousness, respiratory depression and coma were observed with levetiracetam overdoses. After an acute overdose, the stomach may be emptied by gastric lavage or by induction of emesis. There is no specifc antidote for levetiracetam. Treatment of an overdose will be symptomatic and may include haemodialysis. The dialyser extraction efficiency is 60 % for levetiracetam and 74% for the primary metabolite.
    StorageView
    Store at a cool temperature (not exceeding 25°C) and dry place, protected from light.

    Elexime

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elfexo

    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
    Oral Suspension 30 mg/5 ml Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children. It is also indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and peak plasma concentration is reached in 2-3 hours. It does not appear to cross the blood brain barrier.
    DosageView
    Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml once daily


    Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily 
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 6 months to less than 2 years:
    • Suspension: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years:
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) once daily

    Side effectsView
    Common side effects are headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth and gastrointestinal disturbances.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Fexofenadine Hydrochloride or any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in elderly patient and patient with decreased renal function.
    InteractionsView
    Plasma concentration of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride have been increased when given with erythromycin or ketoconazole. Aluminium and magnesium hydroxide containing antacid reduces the absorption of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is C. So, Fexofenadine Hydrochloride should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    Overdose effectsView
    In case of an overdose, standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug should be employed. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. There has been no reported case of an acute overdose of Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elfexo

    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
    Tablet 180 mg Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children. It is also indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and peak plasma concentration is reached in 2-3 hours. It does not appear to cross the blood brain barrier.
    DosageView
    Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml once daily


    Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily 
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 6 months to less than 2 years:
    • Suspension: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years:
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) once daily

    Side effectsView
    Common side effects are headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth and gastrointestinal disturbances.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Fexofenadine Hydrochloride or any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in elderly patient and patient with decreased renal function.
    InteractionsView
    Plasma concentration of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride have been increased when given with erythromycin or ketoconazole. Aluminium and magnesium hydroxide containing antacid reduces the absorption of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is C. So, Fexofenadine Hydrochloride should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    Overdose effectsView
    In case of an overdose, standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug should be employed. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. There has been no reported case of an acute overdose of Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elfexo

    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
    Tablet 120 mg Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children. It is also indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and peak plasma concentration is reached in 2-3 hours. It does not appear to cross the blood brain barrier.
    DosageView
    Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml once daily


    Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria-

    Adults and children 12 years and older:
    • Tablet: 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg once daily or 180 mg once daily 
    • In case of impaired renal function: 60 mg once daily
    Children from 6 to 11 years:
    • Tablet: 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg once daily
    Children from 6 months to less than 2 years:
    • Suspension: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 15 mg or 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp) once daily
    Children from 2 to 11 years:
    • Suspension: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) twice daily
    • In case of impaired renal function: 30 mg or 5 ml (1 tsp) once daily

    Side effectsView
    Common side effects are headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth and gastrointestinal disturbances.
    ContraindicationsView
    Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Fexofenadine Hydrochloride or any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be exercised in elderly patient and patient with decreased renal function.
    InteractionsView
    Plasma concentration of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride have been increased when given with erythromycin or ketoconazole. Aluminium and magnesium hydroxide containing antacid reduces the absorption of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is C. So, Fexofenadine Hydrochloride should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    Overdose effectsView
    In case of an overdose, standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug should be employed. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. There has been no reported case of an acute overdose of Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elidox

    Doxycycline Hydrochloride
    Capsule 100 mg Allopathic Tetracycline group of drugs

    Indications

    Uncomplicated gonorrhoea

    Indication detailsView
    Doxycycline Hydrochloride is indicated in the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:
    • Respiratory tract infections: Pneumonia, influenza, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis.
    • Gastrointestinal tract infections: Cholera, traveler's diarrhea, shigella dysentery, acute intestinal amebiasis.
    • Chlamydial infections: Lympho-granuloma venereum, psittacosis, trachoma.
    • Sexually transmitted diseases: Non gonococcal urethritis, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, uncomplicated urethral and endocervical or rectal infections, gonorrhoea, syphilis, pyelonephritis, cystitis.
    • Other infections: Impetigo, furunculosis, inclusion conjunctivitis, brucellosis, tularemia, cellulitis, acne and Q-fever.
    Therapeutic classView
    Tetracycline group of drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Doxycycline Hydrochloride is a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic with broad spectrum activity. It is primarily a bacteriostatic antibiotic. It has a similar spectrum of activity to other tetracyclines but in particular is more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Nocardia. The drug is often active against penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and against strains of those organisms that are resistant to other Tetracyclines. Certain Gram-negative strains of E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella, which are often resistant to Tetracycline, may be sensitive to Doxycycline. In addition, 70-90% of the various anaerobes are sensitive to Doxycycline and Bacteroides fragilis is more likely to be sensitive to Doxycycline than to other tetracyclines.

    Doxycycline is active against most strains of Haemophilus influenzaeand is particularly useful for infections with H. ducreyi, Actinomyces, Brucella and Vibrio cholerae. It is also active against Nocardia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and a wide range of Rickettsiae. Doxycycline is active against spirochetes such as Borellia recurrentis, Treponema pallidum and Treponema pertenue. It is also active against Plasmodium falciparum.
    DosageView
    Usual dose: 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg daily for 7-10 days.
    Severe infections (including refractory urinary tract infections): 200 mg daily for 10 days.
    Acne: 100 mg daily.
    Uncomplicated genital chlamydia, non-gonococcal urethritis: 100 mg twice daily for 7-21 days (14-21 days in pelvic inflammatory disease).
    AdministrationView
    Capsules should be swallowed whole with plenty of fluid during meals while sitting or standing.
    Side effectsView
    Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rashes, hemolytic anaemia, eosinophilia may be reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Doxycycline is contraindicated to the patients who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines. Doxycycline is contraindicated to the children under 8 years of age. It is also contraindicated to pregnant women and to the lactating mothers.
    PrecautionsView
    The use of drugs of the tetracycline class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of teeth. Tetracyclines drugs, therefore should not be used in this age group.
    InteractionsView
    Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacid containing aluminium, calcium or magnesium, and iron containing preparation. Absorption of tetracyclines is also impaired by bismuth salicylate. Barbiturates, carbamazepine and phenytoin decrease half-life of doxycycline. Concurrent use of tetracyclines may render oral contraceptive less effective. Patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosages. It is advisable to avoid giving tetracyclines in conjunction with penicillin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Doxycycline should be avoided in pregnant women, because of the risk of both staining and effect on bone growth in the foetus. Doxycyclines enter breast milk, and mothers taking these drugs should not breastfeed their child.
    StorageView
    Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

    Elimate

    Permethrin
    Cream 5% w/w Allopathic Parasiticidal preparations

    Indications

    Scabies

    Indication detailsView
    Permethrin cream is indicated for the treatment of scabies and crab lice infestations (Pediculosis). Scabies can affect everyone in the family. If one is infected, all family members must be treated together.
    Therapeutic classView
    Parasiticidal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Permethrin cream contains Permethrin, a pyrethroid, which is a topical scabicidal agent for the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptes Scabiei (scabies). It acts on the nerve cell membrane to disrupt the sodium channel current by which the polarization of the membrane is regulated. Delayed repolarization & paralysis of the pests are the consequences of this disturbance.

    Pharmacokinetics: The only approved route of administration is the topical route and there are few human data available on systemic exposure or kinetics following permethrin application to the skin. Some presystemic metabolism occurs in skin. Less than 0.5% of applied permethrin is absorbed during the first 48 hours. Absorbed permethrin is rapidly metabolized by ester hydrolysis, most likely in the liver and the products are excreted primarily in the urine.
    DosageView
    Recommended duration of Treatment:
    • Adults and children over 12 years: a full tube
    • Children aged 6-12 years: up to 1⁄2 of a tube
    • Children aged 1-5 years: up to  ¼ of a tube
    • Children aged 2 months to 1 year: up to ⅛ of a tube
    • Children Less then 2 month: dose is not established
    AdministrationView
    Before application of Permethrin cream the skin should be clean, cool and dry. Do not have a hot shower or bath before applying.

    For adults and children over 2 years: Apply the cream to the whole body from the neck down, rubbing lightly into the skin until the cream disappears. It is important to include all skin surfaces, such as between the fingers and toes, under the nails and on the soles of the feet.

    For babies under 2 years: Apply to the face, neck, ears and scalp as well, only avoiding the area immediately around the eyes and mouth.

    Leave cream on for at least 8 hours, before washing off. Reapply to any area that may be washed during the 8h treatment time (such as after washing the hands). If necessary, permethrin cream should be used again after 7 days as per the advice of the doctor.
    Side effectsView
    In Scabies patients, skin discomfort, usually described as burning, stinging or tingling occurs in a few individuals soon after the cream is applied. Others transient signs and symptoms of irritation including enythema, edema, eczema, rash and puritis.
    ContraindicationsView
    Permethrin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of pyrethroids or permethrin. Nursing staff who routinely apply permethrin may wear globes to avoid any possible irritation to the hands.
    PrecautionsView
    Scabies infestation is often accompanied by pruritus, edema & erythema. Treatment with permethrin may temporarily exacerbate these conditions. Patients should be advised to avoid contact with eyes during application & to flash with water immediately if the cream gets in the eyes.
    InteractionsView
    The treatment of eczemodous like reactions with corticosteroids should be withheld prior to treatment with permethrin, as there is a risk of exacerbating the scabies infestation by reducing the immune response to the mite.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    In the absence of specific studies in pregnant women, its use in pregnancy should only follow medical advice. It is not known whether permethrin is excreted in human milk so it should not be used in nursing mothers.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place, away from light & keep out of the reach of children...

    Elimate Plus

    Permethrin + Crotamiton
    Lotion 5%+10% Allopathic Parasiticidal preparations

    Indications

    Scabies

    Indication detailsView
    This lotion is indicated for the treatment of scabies and pruritus.
    Therapeutic classView
    Local Antipruritic, Parasiticidal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Permethrin is a pyrethroid pediculocide and scabicide. It causes paralysis and death of the pest by inhibiting sodium ion influx through nerve cell membrane channels delaying repolarisation.

    Crotamiton has scabicidal and antipruritic action against Sarcoptes scabei. It is an effective pediculocide as well.
    DosageView
    Adult: Permethrin & Crotamiton lotion is suitable for adults, children of 2 months of age and above, and the elderly. It is for external use only and should not be applied to broken skin, mucous membranes or near the eyes. Permethrin & Crotamiton lotion should be applied to skin which is clean, dry and cool. It should not be used immediately after a hot bath. Permethrin & Crotamiton lotion is intended for a single application over the whole body. Permethrin & Crotamiton lotion should be left on for at least 8 hours. Reapply the lotion to the hands if they are washed within 8 hours of treatment. The whole body should be washed thoroughly 8-12 hours after application. Adults & children over 2 years: Apply the lotion over the whole body but not the head and face. Pay particular attention to the areas between fingers and toes, under nails, wrists, armpits, external genitalia, breasts and buttocks.

    The elderly: Apply the lotion over the whole body including the neck, face, ears and scalp. Pay particular attention to the areas between fingers and toes, under nails, wrists, armpits, external genitalia, breasts and buttocks. Avoid the area close to the eyes.

    Children under 2 years: Children under 2 years should only be treated under medical supervision. Apply the lotion over the whole body including the neck, face, ears and scalp. Pay particular attention to the areas between fingers and toes, under nails, wrists, armpits, palms of hands and soles of feet, external genitals and buttocks. Avoid the area around the mouth where the lotion could be licked off and the area around the eyes
    AdministrationView
    Lotion should be applied to clean, dry skin. If the body is hot due to warm bath or any other reason, skin should be allowed to cool. It should be applied to the whole body excluding head. The whole body should be washed thoroughly 8-12 hours after treatment. On the next day cloths and bed sheets should be cleaned with warm water. The lotion should be applied if lotion is washed out by water. Other members of the family should use this lotion as preventive in the same way due to its highly contagious effects. The lotion should not be applied to the vicinity of mouth and areas close to eyes.
    Side effectsView
    Occasional reports of burning or stinging sensation which passes quickly. This is usually mild and occurs more frequently in patients with severe scabies. Transient signs and symptoms of skin irritation including rash or itching, erythema, edema and eczema. These are generally considered to be part of the natural history of scabies.
    ContraindicationsView
    Combination of permethrin 5% and crotamiton 10% is contra-indicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to permethrin or crotamiton.
    PrecautionsView
    This lotion should be kept out of the reach of children. This lotion is for external use only. Nursing staff who routinely apply this lotion may wish to wear gloves to avoid any possible irritation to the hand. Avoid contact with the eyes. The lotion can cause eye irritation. If lotion goes to the eyes, rinse with water immediately.
    InteractionsView
    The treatment of eczematous-like reactions with corticosteroids should be withheld prior to treatment with permethrin, as there is a risk of exacerbating the scabies infestation by reducing the immune response to the mite. The likelihood of interactions between the two treatments leading to potentiated adverse reactions or reduced efficacy is, however small.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There is no experience to judge the safety of permethrin & crotamiton in pregnancy, therefore it is not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first three months. It is not known whether the active substance passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers should avoid applying it in the area of the nipples.
    Overdose effectsView
    There are no reports of overdosage of permethrin & crotamiton. Excessive application to the skin might result in local adverse reactions. In the event of accidental ingestion by a child, gastric lavage should be considered if within 2 hours of ingestion. Treatment of hypersensitivity reactions should be symptomatic.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool place (do not store above 25° C & do not freeze) and protected from light.

    Eliprox

    Ciprofloxacin
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elipta

    Empagliflozin + Linagliptin
    Tablet 25 mg+5 mg Allopathic
    Indication detailsView
    This is a combination of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.
    PharmacologyView
    Empagliflozin: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the predominant transporter responsible for the reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion.
     
    Linagliptin: Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4, an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Thus, linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones, stimulating the release of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and decreasing the levels of glucagon in the circulation. Both incretin hormones are involved in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones are secreted at a low basal level throughout the day and levels rise immediately after meal intake. GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin biosynthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of normal and elevated blood glucose levels. Furthermore, GLP-1 also reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, resulting in a reduction in hepatic glucose output.
    DosageView
    Assess renal function before initiating and as clinically indicated. The recommended dose of this is 10 mg empagliflozin and 5 mg linagliptin once daily, taken in the morning, with or without food. Dose may be increased to 25 mg empagliflozin and 5 mg linagliptin once daily.

    Pediatric Patients: The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Patients: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to volume depletion and reduced renal function.

    Renal Impairment: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to reduced renal function.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effects are:
    • urinary tract infection
    • stuffy or runny nose and sore throat
    • upper respiratory tract infection
    PrecautionsView
    Pancreatitis: There have been reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue this tablet.

    Ketoacidosis: Assess patients who present with signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis for ketoacidosis, regardless of blood glucose level. If suspected, discontinue this tablet, evaluate and treat promptly. Before initiating this tablet, consider risk factors for ketoacidosis. Patients on this tablet may require monitoring and temporary discontinuation of therapy in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis.

    Volume Depletion: Before initiating this tablet, assess volume status and renal function in patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients, or patients on loop diuretics. Monitor for signs and symptoms during therapy.

    Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis: Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated.

    Hypoglycemia: Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia when initiating this tablet.

    Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene): Serious, life-threatening cases have occurred in both females and males. Assess patients presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise. If suspected, institute prompt treatment.

    Genital Mycotic Infections: Monitor and treat as appropriate.

    Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions) have occurred with empagliflozin and linagliptin. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue this tablet, treat promptly, and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve.

    Arthralgia: Severe and disabling arthralgia has been reported in patients taking DPP-4 inhibitors. Consider as a possible cause for severe joint pain and discontinue drug if appropriate.

    Bullous Pemphigoid: There have been reports of bullous pemphigoid requiring hospitalization. Tell patients to report the development of blisters or erosions. If bullous pemphigoid is suspected, discontinue this tablet.

    Heart Failure: Heart failure has been observed with two other members of the DPP-4 inhibitor class. Consider risks and benefits of this tablet in patients who have known risk factors for heart failure. Monitor for signs and symptoms.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Advise females of the potential risk to a fetus, especially during the second and third trimesters. This is not recommended when breastfeeding.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elipta

    Empagliflozin + Linagliptin
    Tablet 10 mg+5 mg Allopathic
    Indication detailsView
    This is a combination of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.
    PharmacologyView
    Empagliflozin: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the predominant transporter responsible for the reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion.
     
    Linagliptin: Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4, an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Thus, linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones, stimulating the release of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and decreasing the levels of glucagon in the circulation. Both incretin hormones are involved in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones are secreted at a low basal level throughout the day and levels rise immediately after meal intake. GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin biosynthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of normal and elevated blood glucose levels. Furthermore, GLP-1 also reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, resulting in a reduction in hepatic glucose output.
    DosageView
    Assess renal function before initiating and as clinically indicated. The recommended dose of this is 10 mg empagliflozin and 5 mg linagliptin once daily, taken in the morning, with or without food. Dose may be increased to 25 mg empagliflozin and 5 mg linagliptin once daily.

    Pediatric Patients: The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Patients: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to volume depletion and reduced renal function.

    Renal Impairment: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to reduced renal function.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effects are:
    • urinary tract infection
    • stuffy or runny nose and sore throat
    • upper respiratory tract infection
    PrecautionsView
    Pancreatitis: There have been reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue this tablet.

    Ketoacidosis: Assess patients who present with signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis for ketoacidosis, regardless of blood glucose level. If suspected, discontinue this tablet, evaluate and treat promptly. Before initiating this tablet, consider risk factors for ketoacidosis. Patients on this tablet may require monitoring and temporary discontinuation of therapy in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis.

    Volume Depletion: Before initiating this tablet, assess volume status and renal function in patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients, or patients on loop diuretics. Monitor for signs and symptoms during therapy.

    Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis: Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated.

    Hypoglycemia: Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia when initiating this tablet.

    Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier’s Gangrene): Serious, life-threatening cases have occurred in both females and males. Assess patients presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise. If suspected, institute prompt treatment.

    Genital Mycotic Infections: Monitor and treat as appropriate.

    Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions) have occurred with empagliflozin and linagliptin. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue this tablet, treat promptly, and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve.

    Arthralgia: Severe and disabling arthralgia has been reported in patients taking DPP-4 inhibitors. Consider as a possible cause for severe joint pain and discontinue drug if appropriate.

    Bullous Pemphigoid: There have been reports of bullous pemphigoid requiring hospitalization. Tell patients to report the development of blisters or erosions. If bullous pemphigoid is suspected, discontinue this tablet.

    Heart Failure: Heart failure has been observed with two other members of the DPP-4 inhibitor class. Consider risks and benefits of this tablet in patients who have known risk factors for heart failure. Monitor for signs and symptoms.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Advise females of the potential risk to a fetus, especially during the second and third trimesters. This is not recommended when breastfeeding.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eliroxime

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eliroxime

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elisa

    Ethinyl Estradiol + Drospirenone (24 tablet)
    Tablet 0.02 mg+3 mg Allopathic Oral Contraceptive preparations

    Indications

    Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder

    Indication detailsView
    This tablet is indicated for:
    • As an oral contraceptive
    • Treatment of moderate acne vulgaris
    • Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
    Therapeutic classView
    Oral Contraceptive preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This contains two active ingredients- Ethinylestradiol and Drospirenone. Ethinylestradiol is a synthetic version of estrogen and Drospirenone is a synthetic form of progesterone. The hormonal components of this preparation inhibit ovulation by suppressing gonadotropin release. Secondary mechanisms, which may contribute to the effectiveness of this tablet as a contraceptive, include changes in the cervical mucus (which increase the difficulty of sperm penetration) and changes in the endometrium (which reduce the likelihood of implantation).

    Drospirenone has antimineralocorticoid activity, counteracting estrogen-related sodium retention. In combination with Ethinyloestradiol, Drospirenone displays a favorable lipid profile with an increase in high-density lipoprotein HDL. Drospirenone exerts antiandrogenic activity and does not counteract the ethinyloestradiol-related sex hormone-binding globulin increase which is useful for binding and inactivating the endogenous androgens.
    DosageView
    To achieve maximum contraceptive effectiveness tablets must be taken in the order directed on the package every day at about the same time. Tablet-taking should be started with the first pink tablet of the upper row & have to continue daily for 24 consecutive days. After completion of pink tablet, white tablet should be taken from 25th day to 28th day. Withdrawal bleeding usually starts on days 2-3 after starting the white tablets & don't stop taking white tablets though your menstruation is already started. Each subsequent new pack is started on the day after the last white tablet of the previous pack.

    No preceding hormonal contraceptive use in the past month: Tablet taking has to start on day 1 of the woman’s menstrual cycle. The woman should be instructed to take the first light pink active tablet from the upper row of this tablet according to the direction and in this case no additional methods of contraception are required. Starting on days 2-5 is allowed, but during the first cycle a barrier method is recommended in addition for the first 7 days of tablet-taking.

    Changing from another combined hormonal pill or vaginal ring or transdermal patch: In case of combined hormonal pill, woman should start with the first light pink tablet of upper row on the day after the last active tablet of her previous COC. In case of a vaginal ring or transdermal patch has been used, the woman should start using this tablet preferably on the day of removal.

    Changing from a progestogen-only-method (minipill, injection, implant) or from a progestogen-releasing intrauterine system (IUS): The woman may switch any day from the minipill (or from an implant or the IUS on the day of its removal, from an injectable when the next injection would be due), but should in all of these cases be advised to additionally use a barrier method (like-condom) for the first 7 days of tablet-taking.

    Following first-trimester abortion: The woman may start immediately and in this case no need to take additional contraceptive method.

    Following delivery or second-trimester abortion: Women are advised to start at day 21 to 28 after delivery or second-trimester abortion. When starting later, the woman are advised to additionally use a barrier method (like-condom) for the first 7 days of tablet-taking.
    AdministrationView
    Management of Missed Tablets: Missed white pills from the last row of the blister are placebo tablets and thus can be disregarded. But if you forgot to take a light pink tablet one day, take the missed tablet as soon as you remember. This may mean taking two tablets the very next day. Additionally you should use some other method of contraception (like a condom) until next 7 days. If you forget to take the tablets for two continuous days, then it is likely that you will no longer be protected against pregnancy. You should therefore discontinue taking the tablet and adopt some other temporary methods (condom/foam tablet) till your next menstruation. Discard the unfinished pack of tablets and start taking tablets from the light pink tablet of the top row of a fresh pack from the first day of next menstruation.

    If you have missed a period after taking tablet: If you have taken all of your pills at the right time and you have not vomited or used other medicines then you are very unlikely to be pregnant. Continue to take tablet as usual. If you miss your period twice in a row, you may be pregnant. Tell your doctor immediately. Do not start the next pack of this tablet until your doctor has checked you are not pregnant.

    How to Delay a Period: To delay period women should continue with another new pack of this tablet just after finishing the light pink active tablet of the present pack (that is no need to take white placebo tablet of present pack). The extension can be carried on for as long as wished until the end of light pink color tablet of the second pack. When women wish their period to begin, just stop tablet taking. While using the second pack woman may have some breakthrough bleeding or spotting. Start with your next pack after the usual 4 day white inactive tablet interval.

    Advice in case of Vomiting: If vomiting occurs within 3-4 hours after light pink tablet taking, absorption may not be complete. In such an event, the advice concerning management of missed tablets is applicable. The woman must take the extra active tablet (light pink color) needed from a back up pack after vomiting.
    Side effectsView
    Different types of tablet suit to different types of woman. At the initial stage some women may experience side-effects like dizziness, headache, breast pain, nausea or unscheduled uterine bleeding. These symptoms may occur in >3% of users. After starting one brand of oral contraceptive tablets, if you feel any inconvenience such as migraine, changes in eyesight or speech, unusual pain or swelling in your legs, sharp chest pains or shortness of breath, rash, yellow skin or a rise in blood pressure take immediate advice from your doctor.
    ContraindicationsView
    This tablet should not be used:
    • Known or suspected pregnancy
    • If you have heart disease, clotting of blood in the vein
    • If you suffer from liver disease or jaundice
    • If you suffer from high blood pressure, migraine, feel something hard in your breast, diabetes with vascular involvement, experience excessive bleeding for which no reason has yet been ascertained
    • The presence or a history of venous or arterial thromboembolic events (e.g. deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction or of a cerebrovascular accident)
    • History of migraine with focal neurological symptoms
    • Pancreatitis or a history thereof if associated with severe hypertriglyceridaemia
    • Severe renal insufficiency or acute renal failure
    • Presence or history of liver tumours (benign or malignant)
    • Undiagnosed vagina! bleeding
    • Hypersensitivity to any of the components of this preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    If any circulatory disorder (like- myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular injury etc) or other risk factors(like smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, migraine, atrial fibrillation etc) are present, the benefits of COC use should be weighed against the possible risks for each individual woman and discussed with the woman before she decides to start using it. In the event of aggravation, exacerbation or first appearance of any of these conditions or risk factors after taking pill, the woman should contact with her physician. The physician should then decide on whether its use should be discontinued.
    InteractionsView
    Interactions between ethinylestradiol and other drugs may lead to decreased or increased ethinylestradiol concentrations, respectively. Decreased ethinylestradiol serum concentrations may cause an increased incidence of breakthrough bleeding and menstrual irregularities and may possibly reduce efficacy of the oral contraceptive. Example of substances that may decrease serum ethinylestradiol concentrations include rifampicin, phenytoin, primidone, rifabutin, dexamethasone, griseofulvin, topiramate, some protease inhibitors, modafinil, ritonavir and barbiturates. Certain antibiotics including ampicillin, other penicillins and tetracyclines may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. During concomitant use of this tablet & other drugs that may lead to decreased ethinylestradiol serum concentrations, it is recommended that a non hormonal back-up method of contraception to be used in addition to the regular intake of this tablet.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Use during pregnancy: This is contraindicated during pregnancy. Pregnancy must be excluded before starting this tablet. If pregnancy occurs during use of this tablet, the preparation must be withdrawn immediately. Women who discontinue oral contraceptives with the intent of becoming pregnant, a non-hormonal method of contraception is recommended for three months before attempting to conceive.

    Use during lactation: Lactation may be influenced by combined pill as they may reduce the quantity and change the composition of breast milk, therefore the use of estrogen containing combined pill should generally not be recommended until the nursing mother has completely weaned her child. Small amounts of the contraceptive steroids and/or their metabolites may be excreted with the milk.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: This is only indicated after menarche. There is no data suggesting the need for a dosage adjustment.

    Use in the Elderly: This is not indicated after menopause.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of oral contraceptive overdose may include nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, dizziness, abdominal pain, drowsiness/fatigue; withdrawal bleeding may occur in females. There is no specific antidote and further treatment of overdose, if necessary, is directed to the symptoms.
    StorageView
    Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

    Elivier

    Nabumetone
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indication detailsView
    Nabumetone is indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Nabumetone and other treatment options before deciding to use Nabumetone. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis
    PharmacologyView
    Nabumetone is a naphthylalkanone. Is is a non-selective prostaglandin G/H synthase (a.k.a. cyclooxygenase or COX) inhibitor that acts on both prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and -2). Prostaglandin G/H synthase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2. Prostaglandin H2 is the precursor to a number of prostaglandins involved in fever, pain, swelling, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. The parent compound is a prodrug that undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active compound, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA). The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs occur as a result of decreased prostaglandin synthesis.

    The parent compound is a prodrug, which undergoes hepatic biotransformation to the active component, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA), that is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, most likely through binding to the COX-2 and COX-1 receptors.
    DosageView
    Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The recommended starting dose is 1,000 mg taken as a single dose with or without food. Some patients may obtain more symptomatic relief from 1,500 mg to 2,000 mg per day. Nabumetone can be given in either a single or twice-daily dose. Dosages greater than 2,000 mg per day have not been studied. The lowest effective dose should be used for chronic treatment.  Patients weighing under 50 kg may be less likely to require dosages beyond 1,000 mg; therefore, after observing the response to initial therapy, the dose should be adjusted to meet individual patients’ requirements.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (14%), dyspepsia (13%), abdominal pain (12%), constipation, flatulence, nausea, positive stool guaiac, dry mouth, gastritis, stomatitis, vomiting.

    Central Nervous System: Dizziness, headache, fatigue, increased sweating, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence.

    Dermatologic: Pruritus, rash

    Special Senses: Tinnitus

    Miscellaneous: Edema
    ContraindicationsView
    Nabumetone is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nabumetone or its excipients. Nabumetone should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergictype reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients. Nabumetone is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
    PrecautionsView
    Nabumetone cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids. The pharmacological activity of Nabumetone in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions
    InteractionsView
    Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE-inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. Reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Nabumetone should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk, however 6MNA is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Nabumetone, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

    Labor and Delivery: In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of Nabumetone on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

    Geriatric Use: As with any NSAIDs, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms following acute NSAIDs overdoses are usually limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which are generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and coma may occur, but are rare. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.

    Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care following a NSAIDs overdose. There are no specific antidotes. Emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, 1 to 2 g/kg in children), and/or osmotic cathartic may be indicated in patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms or following a large overdose (5 to 10 times the usual dose). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.

    There have been overdoses of up to 25 grams of Nabumetone reported with no long-term sequelae following standard emergency treatment (i.e., activated charcoal, gastric lavage, IV H2-blockers, etc.).
    StorageView
    Store at 25°C; excursions permitted to 15-30°C in well-closed container; dispense in light-resistant container.

    Elmin

    Albendazole
    Chewable Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Anthelmintic

    Indications

    Worm infections

    Indication detailsView
    Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-
    • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
    • Roundworm (Ascaris)
    • Threadworm (Enterobius)
    • Whipworm (Trichuris)
    • Strongyloides
    • Tapeworm
    • Opisthorchi
    • Hydatid.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anthelmintic
    PharmacologyView
    Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.
    DosageView
    Adults & children over 2 years:
    • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
    • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated. 
    Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

    Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

    In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
    • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
    • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
    • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
    • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
    • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.
    ContraindicationsView
    Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

    Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

    Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

    Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.
    PrecautionsView
    Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts
    InteractionsView
    No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elmin-DT

    Albendazole
    Chewable Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Anthelmintic

    Indications

    Worm infections

    Indication detailsView
    Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-
    • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
    • Roundworm (Ascaris)
    • Threadworm (Enterobius)
    • Whipworm (Trichuris)
    • Strongyloides
    • Tapeworm
    • Opisthorchi
    • Hydatid.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anthelmintic
    PharmacologyView
    Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.
    DosageView
    Adults & children over 2 years:
    • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
    • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated. 
    Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

    Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

    In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
    • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
    • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
    • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
    • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
    • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.
    ContraindicationsView
    Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

    Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

    Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

    Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.
    PrecautionsView
    Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts
    InteractionsView
    No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elmisan

    Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium
    Capsule 100 mg Allopathic Other genito-urinary preparations

    Indications

    Interstitial cystitis

    Indication detailsView
    Pentosan polysulfate sodium is indicated for the relief of bladder pain or discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other genito-urinary preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Pentosan polysulfate is a polymer of xylose hydrogen sulfate and contains two sulfate groups per carbohydrate monomer. It binds Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) as well as other heparin-binding growth factors. It has been shown to interact also with the heparin-binding site of FGFR-1. It inhibits the growth of SW13 adrenocortical cells transfected with FGF-4 and tumorigenicity of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells transfected with FGF-1 or FGF-4.
    DosageView
    The recommended dose of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is 300 mg/day taken as one 100 mg capsule orally three times daily. The capsules should be taken with water at least 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. Patients receiving Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium should be reassessed after 3 months. If improvement has not occurred and if limiting adverse events are not present, Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium may be continued for another 3 months. The clinical value and risks of continued treatment in patients whose pain has not improved by 6 months is not known.

    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 16 years have not been established.
    Side effectsView
    Alopecia (4%), diarrhea (4%), nausea (4%), headache (3%), rash (3%), dyspepsia (2%), abdominal pain (2%), liver function abnormalities (1%), dizziness (1%).
    ContraindicationsView
    Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug, structurally related compounds, or excipients.
    PrecautionsView
    Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is a weak anticoagulant (1/15 the activity of heparin). At a daily dose of 300 mg (n=128), rectal hemorrhage was reported as an adverse event in 6.3% of patients. Bleeding complications of ecchymosis, epistaxis, and gum hemorrhage have been reported. Patients undergoing invasive procedures or having signs/symptoms of underlying coagulopathy or other increased risk of bleeding (due to other therapies such as coumarin anticoagulants, heparin, t-PA, streptokinase, high dose aspirin, or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs) should be evaluated for hemorrhage. Patients with diseases such as aneurysms, thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, gastrointestinal ulcerations, polyps, or diverticula should be carefully evaluated before starting Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium. A similar product that was given subcutaneously, sublingually, or intramuscularly (and not initially metabolized by the liver) is associated with delayed immunoallergic thrombocytopenia with symptoms of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Caution should be exercised when using Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium in patients who have a history of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Alopecia is associated with pentosan polysulfate and with heparin products. In clinical trials of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium, alopecia began within the first 4 weeks of treatment. Ninety-seven percent (97%) of the cases of alopecia reported were alopecia areata, limited to a single area on the scalp.
    InteractionsView
    In a study in which healthy subjects received pentosan polysulfate sodium 100 mg capsule or placebo every 8 hours for 7 days, and were titrated with warfarin to an INR of 1.4 to 1.8, the pharmacokinetic parameters of R-warfarin and S-warfarin were similar in the absence and presence of pentosan polysulfate sodium. INR for warfarin + placebo and warfarin + pentosan polysulfate sodium were comparable.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Reproduction studies have been performed in mice and rats with intravenous daily doses of 15 mg/kg, and in rabbits with 7.5 mg/kg. These doses are 0.42 and 0.14 times the daily oral human doses of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium when normalized to body surface area. These studies did not reveal evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus from Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium. Direct in vitro bathing of cultured mouse embryos with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL may cause reversible limb bud abnormalities. Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been performed in pregnant women. Because animal studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is administered to a nursing woman.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elo

    Loratadine
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Loratadine tablet provides fast, effective relief from the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis and skin allergies including chronic urticaria. It is also effective in alleviating symptoms of allergic rhinitis such as sneezing, nasal discharge, itching, ocular itching and burning. Nasal and ocular sign and symptoms are relieved rapidly after oral administration. Loratadine tablet is also indicated in idiopathic urticaria. In children over 2 years Loratadine tablet is indicated for the symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis and allergic skin conditions such as urticaria, nettlerash.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    This tablet is a preparation of Loratadine. Loratadine is a non-sedative histamine Hr receptor antagonist with antiallergic properties. Loratadine is a long-acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral Hi-receptor antagonistic activity and no central sedative or anticholinergic effect. It is rapidly effective and long-lasting, allowing once-a-day administration.
    DosageView
    Adults and children over 12 years of age: One Loratadine tablet once daily. It is usually administered in the morning or when symptoms require treatment.

    Children 2-12 years: Body weight over 30 kg: one Loratadine tablet once daily, below 30 kg: half Loratadine tablet once daily.

    Below 2 years of age: Loratadine tablet is not recommended for use below 2 years of age since safety and efficacy has not been established.
    Side effectsView
    During controlled clinical studies the incidence of adverse events, including sedation and anticholinergic effects observed with 10 mg Loratadine was comparable to that observed with placebo. Studies on the effect of Loratadine on actual driving performance, and on tests of cognitive and psychomotor functioning have shown it to be comparable to placebo.
    ContraindicationsView
    Loratadine is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to their components.
    PrecautionsView
    Caution should be taken in patients with liver impairment or renal insufficiency (eGFR <30 ml/min).
    InteractionsView
    There are no reports of potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs. In contrast to many other histamine H1 receptor antagonists, Loratadine has no potentiating effects when administered concurrently with alcohol, as measured by psychomotor performance studies. Concomitant therapy with drugs that inhibit or are metabolized by hepatic cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2D6 may elevate plasma concentrations of either drug and this mayifesult in adverse effects. Cimetidine inhibits both enzymes while erythromycin or ketoconazole inhibits P450 3A4. These drugs increase loratadine serum concentrations but no adverse effects are reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There is no experience of the use of Loratadine in human pregnancy. Therefore its use during pregnancy is not advisable. Loratadine is excreted in breast milk in a very small amount. So nursing mothers are advised not to take the drug.
    Overdose effectsView
    In adults somnolence, tachycardia and headache have been reported with overdose greater than 10 mg. Extrapyramidal signs and palpitations have been reported in children with overdoses of greater than 10 mg. In the event of overdosage, general symptomatic and supportive measures should be instituted promptly and maintained for as long as necessary. It would seem reasonable to treat patients presenting early after large overdoses with oral activated charcoal. The conscious patients may be induced to vomit or gastric lavage may be performed.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Elocef

    Cephradine
    Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician