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    Ebatin Fast

    Ebastine
    Dispersible Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Ebastine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of:
    • Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.
    • Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Ebastine is a long-acting and selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist. After repeated administration, inhibition of peripheral receptors remains at a constant level. Ebastine is rapidly absorbed and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism following oral administration. Ebastine is almost totally converted to the pharmacologically active acid metabolite, carebastine.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adults (more than 12 years of age): 10 mg (one tablet) once daily.
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 mg (half tablet) once daily.
    Syrup:
    • Children (2-5 years of age): 2.5 ml once daily (upto 5 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 ml once daily (upto 10 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    Ebastine may be taken with or without food.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are headache, dry mouth and drowsiness. Less commonly reported side effects include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea and insomnia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Ebastine or any of its ingredients.
    InteractionsView
    Ebastine in combination with either ketoconazole or erythromycin increases in plasma level of ebastine and prolonged QTc interval. Ebastine does not interact with the pharmacokinetics of theophylline, warfarin, cimetidine, diazepam or alcohol. The sedation effect of alcohol and diazepam may be enhanced.
    Overdose effectsView
    No clinically meaningful signs or symptoms were observed up to 100 mg given once daily. There is no specific antidote for Ebastine. In case of accidental overdoses, gastric lavage, monitoring of vital functions including ECG and symptomatic treatment should be carried out.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C at a cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children

    Ebatrol

    Ebastine
    Syrup 5 mg/5 ml Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Ebastine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of:
    • Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.
    • Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Ebastine is a long-acting and selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist. After repeated administration, inhibition of peripheral receptors remains at a constant level. Ebastine is rapidly absorbed and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism following oral administration. Ebastine is almost totally converted to the pharmacologically active acid metabolite, carebastine.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adults (more than 12 years of age): 10 mg (one tablet) once daily.
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 mg (half tablet) once daily.
    Syrup:
    • Children (2-5 years of age): 2.5 ml once daily (upto 5 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 ml once daily (upto 10 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    Ebastine may be taken with or without food.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are headache, dry mouth and drowsiness. Less commonly reported side effects include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea and insomnia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Ebastine or any of its ingredients.
    InteractionsView
    Ebastine in combination with either ketoconazole or erythromycin increases in plasma level of ebastine and prolonged QTc interval. Ebastine does not interact with the pharmacokinetics of theophylline, warfarin, cimetidine, diazepam or alcohol. The sedation effect of alcohol and diazepam may be enhanced.
    Overdose effectsView
    No clinically meaningful signs or symptoms were observed up to 100 mg given once daily. There is no specific antidote for Ebastine. In case of accidental overdoses, gastric lavage, monitoring of vital functions including ECG and symptomatic treatment should be carried out.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C at a cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children

    Ebatrol

    Ebastine
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Non-sedating antihistamines

    Indications

    Urticaria

    Indication detailsView
    Ebastine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of:
    • Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.
    • Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria.
    Therapeutic classView
    Non-sedating antihistamines
    PharmacologyView
    Ebastine is a long-acting and selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist. After repeated administration, inhibition of peripheral receptors remains at a constant level. Ebastine is rapidly absorbed and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism following oral administration. Ebastine is almost totally converted to the pharmacologically active acid metabolite, carebastine.
    DosageView
    Tablet:
    • Adults (more than 12 years of age): 10 mg (one tablet) once daily.
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 mg (half tablet) once daily.
    Syrup:
    • Children (2-5 years of age): 2.5 ml once daily (upto 5 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    • Children (6-12 years of age): 5 ml once daily (upto 10 ml in severe cases such as Perennial Allergic Rhinitis).
    Ebastine may be taken with or without food.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side-effects are headache, dry mouth and drowsiness. Less commonly reported side effects include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea and insomnia.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Ebastine or any of its ingredients.
    InteractionsView
    Ebastine in combination with either ketoconazole or erythromycin increases in plasma level of ebastine and prolonged QTc interval. Ebastine does not interact with the pharmacokinetics of theophylline, warfarin, cimetidine, diazepam or alcohol. The sedation effect of alcohol and diazepam may be enhanced.
    Overdose effectsView
    No clinically meaningful signs or symptoms were observed up to 100 mg given once daily. There is no specific antidote for Ebastine. In case of accidental overdoses, gastric lavage, monitoring of vital functions including ECG and symptomatic treatment should be carried out.
    StorageView
    Store below 30°C at a cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children

    Ebazam

    Clobazam
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Benzodiazepine hypnotics

    Indications

    Tension

    Indication detailsView
    Acute and chronic anxiety states which may produce the following symptoms in particular: anxiety, tension, restlessness, excitement, irritability, sleep disturbances from emotional causes, psychovegetative and psychosomatic disorders (for example, in the cardiovascular or gastrointestinal area), and emotional instability.

    In patients with depression or anxiety associated with depression, Clobazam must be used only in conjunction with adequate concomitant treatment. Use of benzodiazepines alone, can precipitate suicide in such patients. Before treatment of anxiety states associated with emotional instability, it must first be determined whether the patient suffers from a depressive disorder requiring adjunctive or different treatment.

    In patients with schizophrenic or other psychotic illnesses, use of benzodiazepines is recommended only for adjunctive, i.e. not for primary treatment.

    As adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy who are not adequately stabilized with their anticonvulsant monotherapy.
    Therapeutic classView
    Benzodiazepine hypnotics
    PharmacologyView
    Clobazam binds at distinct binding sites associated with the chloride ionopore at the post-synaptic GABA receptor. These GABA receptors are in various locations in the CNS (limbic, reticular formation) and clobazam increases the duration of time for which the chloride ionopore is open. As a result, hyper polarization and stabilization of the membrane occur as the post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA is enhanced.
    DosageView
    General Dosage: Dosage and duration of treatment must be adjusted to the indication, the severity of the condition and the individual clinical response. Due regard must be paid to the possibility of interference with alertness and reaction time. The fundamental principle is to keep the dose as low as possible.

    Treatment of anxiety states-

    Adults and adolescents over 15 years of age: The initial dose is usually 20 mg clobazam daily. If necessary, the daily dose may be increased. Generally, it is recommended that a total daily dose of 30 mg is not exceeded.

    Elderly: Increased responsiveness and higher susceptibility to adverse effects may be present in elderly patients and require low initial doses and gradual dose increments under careful observation. A maintenance dose of 10 to 15 mg clobazam daily is frequently sufficient.

    Children from 3 to 15 years of age: Increased responsiveness and higher susceptibility to adverse effects may be present in children and require low initial doses and gradual dose increments under careful observation. A daily dose of 5 to 10 mg clobazam is frequently sufficient. Benzodiazepines must not be given to children without careful assessment of the need for their use.

    Secondary dosage adjustment: After the improvement of the symptoms, the dose may be reduced.

    Timing of doses: If the dose is to be spread throughout the day, it is recommended that the larger portion be taken in the evening.

    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment must be as short as possible. The patient must be reassessed after a period not exceeding 4 weeks and regularly thereafter in order to evaluate the need for continued treatment, especially where the patient is free of symptoms. Generally, the overall duration of treatment (i.e. including tapering-of process) must not exceed 8 to 12 weeks. In certain cases, extension beyond the maximum treatment period may be necessary; treatment must not be extended without a re-evaluation of the patient's status using special expertise. It is strongly recommended that prolonged periods of uninterrupted treatment be avoided, since they may lead to dependence.

    Discontinuation of treatment: It is strongly recommended that after prolonged treatment clobazam is not withdrawn suddenly but rather that the dose is reduced gradually under medical supervision; otherwise, withdrawal symptoms may occur.

    Treatment of epilepsy in combination with one or more other anticonvulsants-

    Adults and adolescents over 15 years of age: It is recommended that administration be started at small doses (5 to 15 mg daily), if necessary, increasing the dose gradually to a maximum daily dose of about 80 mg.

    Children from 3 to 15 years of age: It is recommended that normally treatment be started at 5 mg daily. A maintenance dose of 0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg body weight daily is usually sufficient. Higher susceptibility to adverse effects may be present in children and require gradual dose increments under careful observation; Benzodiazepines must not be given to children without careful assessment of the need for their use.

    Elderly: Higher susceptibility to adverse effects may be present in elderly patients and require low initial doses and gradual dose increments under careful observation.

    Timing of doses: If the dose is spread throughout the day, it is recommended that the larger portion be taken in the evening. Doses of up to 30 mg clobazam can also be administered as a single evening dose.

    Duration of treatment: The patient must be re-assessed after a period not exceeding 4 weeks and regularly thereafter in order to evaluate the need for continued treatment.

    Discontinuation of treatment: At the end of treatment- to include cases in which response to therapy has been poor- it is strongly recommended that clobazam is not withdrawn suddenly but rather that the dose is reduced gradually; otherwise an increased susceptibility to seizures as well as other withdrawal symptoms may occur.
    AdministrationView
    The tablets can be administered whole, or crushed and mixed in applesauce. The 10 mg tablets can be divided into equal halves of 5 mg. Clobazam can be given with or without food.
    Side effectsView
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Common: decreased appetite

    Psychiatric disorders: Common: irritability, aggression, restlessness, depression (pre-existing depression may be unmasked), drug tolerance (especially during prolonged use), agitation.

    Nervous system disorders: Very common: somnolence, especially at the beginning of treatment and when higher doses are used; Common: sedation, dizziness, disturbance in attention, slow speech/dysarthria/ speech disorder (particularly with high doses or in long-term treatment, and are reversible), headache, tremor, ataxia.

    Eye Disorders: Uncommon: diplopia (particularly with high doses or in long-term treatment and is reversible)

    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Not known: respiratory depression respiratory failure (particularly in patients with pre-existing compromised respiratory function e.g. in patients with bronchial asthma or brain damage)

    Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: dry mouth, nausea, constipation

    Skin and subcutaneous disorders: Uncommon: rash; Not known: photosensitivity reaction urticaria; Steven Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (including some cases with fatal outcome);

    Musculoskeleteal and connective tissue disorders: Not known: muscle spasms, muscle weakness

    General disorders and administration site conditions: Very common: fatigue, especially at the beginning of treatment and when higher doses are used. Not known: slow response to stimuli, hypothermia

    Investigations: Uncommon: weight increased (particularly with high doses or in long-term treatment).
    ContraindicationsView
    Clobazam must not be used-
    • In patients with hypersensitivity to clobazam or any of the excipients of Clobazam.
    • In patients with myasthenia gravis (risk of aggravation of muscle weakness).
    • In patients with severe respiratory insufciency (risk of deterioration).
    • In patients with sleep apnoea syndrome (risk of deterioration).
    • In patients with severe impairment of liver function (risk of precipitating encephalopathy).
    • In breast-feeding women Benzodiazepines must not be given to children without careful assessment of the need for their use.
    • Clobazam must not be used in children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, other than in exceptional cases for anticonvulsant treatment where there is a compelling indication.
    PrecautionsView
    Serious Skin Reactions: Serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), have been reported with clobazam in both children and adults during the post-marketing experience. A majority of the reported cases involved the concomitant use of other drugs, including antiepileptic drugs that are associated with serious skin reactions. SJS/TEN could be associated with a fatal outcome. Patients should be closely monitored for signs or symptoms of SJS/TEN, especially during the first 8 weeks of treatment. Clobazam should be immediately discontinued when SJS/TEN is suspected. If signs or symptoms suggest SJS/TEN, use of this drug should not be resumed and alternative therapy should be considered.

    Respiratory depression: Clobazam can cause respiratory depression, especially if administered in high doses. Therefore in patients with chronic or acute respiratory insufficiency, respiratory function must be monitored and a dose reduction may be necessary. Clobazam is contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency.

    Muscle weakness: Clobazam can cause muscle weakness. Clobazam is contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis.

    Renal and hepatic impairment: In patients with impairment of renal or hepatic function, responsiveness to clobazam and susceptibility to adverse effects are increased, and a dose reduction may be necessary. In long-term treatment, renal and hepatic function must be checked regularly.

    Elderly patients: In the elderly, due to the increased sensitivity to adverse reactions such as drowsiness, dizziness, muscle weakness, there is an increased risk of fall that may result in serious injury. A dose reduction is recommended.

    Tolerance in epilepsy: In the treatment of epilepsy with benzodiazepines- including Clobazam, consideration must be given to the possibility of a decrease in anticonvulsant efficacy (development of tolerance) in the course of treatment.

    CYP2C19 poor metabolizers: In patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, levels of the active metabolite N-desmethylclobazam are expected to be increased as compared to extensive metabolizers. Dosage adjustment of clobazam may be necessary (e.g. low starting dose with careful dose titration).

    Suicidality: Several epidemiological studies show an increased incidence of suicide and suicide attempt in patients with or without depression, treated with other benzodiazepines and hypnotics. There are very limited data available for clobazam in these studies. Cases of suicidal behavior have been reported with clobazam in post-marketing surveillance. All of these cases had confounding factors.

    Concomitant use of CYP2C19 inhibitors: The concomitant use of clobazam with CYP2C19 inhibitors, including cannabidiol containing medicinal products, dietary supplements and recreational products may result in increased exposure to N-desmethylclobazam (NCLB). Such increases might lead to increased adverse effects, such as somnolence and sedation. When used with medicinal products that are CYP2C19 inhibitors dosage adjustment of clobazam may be necessary. Dietary supplements and recreational products containing cannabidiol must not be taken in combination with clobazam as they contain unknown quantities of cannabidiol and are of variable quality
    InteractionsView
    Alcohol: Concomitant consumption of alcohol can increase the bioavailability of clobazam by 50% and therefore lead to increased clobazam effects.

    Central nervous system depressant drugs: Especially when clobazam is administered in higher doses, a mutually potentiating effect is to be expected if other central nervous system depressant drugs (such as antipsychotics, anxiolytics, certain antidepressant agents, anticonvulsant drugs, sedative antihistamines, anaesthetics, hypnotics or narcotic analgesics, or other sedatives) are taken at the same time. Special caution is also necessary when clobazam is administered in cases of intoxication with such substances or with lithium.

    Opioids: The concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including clobazam, and opioids increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death because of the additive CNS depressant effect. Limit dosage and duration of concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids.

    Anticonvulsants: If clobazam is administered simultaneously with anticonvulsants in the treatment of epilepsy, the dosage must be adjusted under regular medical supervision (EEG monitoring), as there may be interactions with the patient's basic anticonvulsant medication. In patients receiving concomitant treatment with valproic acid, there may be a slight to moderate rise in plasma valproic acid concentration. Phenytoin plasma levels may rise if patients receive concomitant treatment with clobazam. Where possible, it is recommended that blood levels of concomitantly administered valproic acid or phenytoin be monitored. Carbamazepine and phenytoin may cause an increase in the metabolic conversion of clobazam to the active metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam. Stiripentol increases plasma levels of clobazam and its active metabolite N-desmethylclobazam, through inhibition of CYP3A and CYP2C19. Monitoring of blood levels is recommended, prior to initiation of stiripentol, and then once new steady-state concentration has been reached, i.e. after 2 weeks approximately.

    Narcotic analgesics: If clobazam is used concomitantly with narcotic analgesics, possible euphoria may be enhanced; this may lead to increased psychological dependence.

    Muscle relaxants: The effects of muscle relaxants and nitrous oxide may be enhanced.

    CYP 2C19 inhibitors: Strong and moderate inhibitors of CYP2C19 may result in increased exposure to N-desmethylclobazam (N-CLB), the active metabolite of clobazam. Dosage adjustment of clobazam may be necessary when co-administered with strong CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g., cannabidiol containing medicinal products, fuconazole, fuvoxamine, ticlopidine) or moderate CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. omeprazole).

    CYP 2D6 substrates: Clobazam is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor. Dose adjustment of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 (e.g. dextromethorphan, pimozide, paroxetine, nebivolol) may be necessary.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Clobazam is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Clobazam should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Animal studies have demonstrated reproductive toxicity. Clobazam crosses the placenta. In the post-marketing safety database, limited data on exposed pregnancies are available with clobazam. A large amount of data collected from cohort studies has not demonstrated evidence of the occurrence of malformations following exposure to benzodiazepines during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, in certain epidemiological case-control studies, an increased incidence of cleft lip and palate was observed with benzodiazepines. Cases of reduced fetal movement and fetal heart rate variability have been described after administration of benzodiazepines during the second and/or third trimester of pregnancy. Administration of clobazam during the late phase of pregnancy or during childbirth can result in the occurrence of neonatal respiratory depression (including respiratory distress and apnea), which may be associated with other disorders such as sedation signs, hypothermia, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties (which may result in poor weight gain) in the newborn (signs and symptoms of the so-called "floppy infant syndrome"). Moreover, infants born to mothers who have taken benzodiazepines over longer periods during the later stages of pregnancy may have developed physical dependence and may be at risk of developing a withdrawal syndrome in the postnatal period. Appropriate monitoring of the newborn in the postnatal period is recommended. Women of childbearing potential should be informed of the risks and benefits of the use of Clobazam during pregnancy. If a woman plans a pregnancy or becomes pregnant, carefully evaluate the risks and benefits and whether treatment with Clobazam should be discontinued. If Clobazam treatment is to be continued, use Clobazam at the lowest effective dose.

    Lactation: Clobazam must not be used in breastfeeding women, since clobazam passes into breast milk.
    StorageView
    Do not use the medicine later than the date of expiry. Store below 30° and protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eben

    Albendazole
    Oral Suspension 200 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anthelmintic

    Indications

    Worm infections

    Indication detailsView
    Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-
    • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
    • Roundworm (Ascaris)
    • Threadworm (Enterobius)
    • Whipworm (Trichuris)
    • Strongyloides
    • Tapeworm
    • Opisthorchi
    • Hydatid.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anthelmintic
    PharmacologyView
    Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.
    DosageView
    Adults & children over 2 years:
    • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
    • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated. 
    Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

    Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

    In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
    • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
    • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
    • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
    • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
    • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.
    ContraindicationsView
    Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

    Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

    Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

    Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.
    PrecautionsView
    Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts
    InteractionsView
    No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eben-DS

    Albendazole
    Chewable Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Anthelmintic

    Indications

    Worm infections

    Indication detailsView
    Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-
    • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
    • Roundworm (Ascaris)
    • Threadworm (Enterobius)
    • Whipworm (Trichuris)
    • Strongyloides
    • Tapeworm
    • Opisthorchi
    • Hydatid.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anthelmintic
    PharmacologyView
    Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.
    DosageView
    Adults & children over 2 years:
    • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
    • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated. 
    Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

    Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

    In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
    • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
    • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
    • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
    • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
    • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.
    ContraindicationsView
    Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

    Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

    Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

    Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.
    PrecautionsView
    Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts
    InteractionsView
    No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ebion

    Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
    Tablet 100 mg+200 mg+200 mcg Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin B1, B6 & B12 is indicated for the treatment of vitamin B1, B6 & B12 deficiency syndrome. It is also indicated for the supportive treatment of neuritis & non-inflammatory diseases of the nerves, e.g.- Diabetic neuropathy, Peripheral neuralgin, Lumbago, Myalgia, Optic neuritis, Sciatica, Facial neuralgia, Intercostal neuralgia, Spinal pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin B1 converts carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids into energy, promotes healthy nerves, improves mood, strengthens the heart. Vitamin B6 forms RBCs, helps cells to make proteins, manufactures neurotransmitters e.g. serotonin and releases stored forms of energy, helps to prevent CVS diseases and stroke, helps to lift depression and eases insomnia. Vitamin B12 is essential for cell replication and important for RBC production, prevents anemia, helps to prevent depression, reduces nerve pain, numbness, tingling and lowers the risk of heart diseases.

    The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
    DosageView
    Tablet: 1-3 Tablets per day or as advised by the physician.

    Injection:
    • In severe (acute) cases: 1 injection daily until the acute symptoms subside or taken as advised by the physician.
    • In mild cases: 1 injection 2-3 times per week. Ampoules are preferably injected intramuscularly.
    Use in children: There is no information on the use of this drug in children.
    Side effectsView
    Generally well tolerated but allergic reactions may be observed in few cases.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 is contraindicated in patients on levodopa therapy, and in patients with hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Cyanocobalamin should not be given in patients with subacute degeneration of the spinal cord. Cyanocobalamin is not suitable form of vitamin B12 for the treatment of optic neuropathies associated with raised plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interaction has been reported yet.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Oral tablet form is recommended but due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, injection is not recommended during pregnancy & lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    No overdosage symptoms are to be expected in the recommended dosage. If there is known overdose then treatment is symptomatic & supportive.
    StorageView
    Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool (below 25°C temperature) and dry place, protected from light.

    Eburic

    Febuxostat
    Tablet 40 mg Allopathic Drugs used in Gout

    Indications

    Uric acid nephropathy

    Indication detailsView
    Febuxostat is indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Febuxostat is not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used in Gout
    PharmacologyView
    Febuxostat is a non-purine, selective xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor. It decreases serum uric acid level by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for uric acid production. Xanthine oxidase breaks down hypoxanthine to xanthine and thus to uric acid. Febuxostat is not expected to inhibit other enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism at therapeutic concentrations.
    DosageView
    Febuxostat is recommended at 40 mg or 80 mg once daily. The recommended starting dose of Febuxostat is 40 mg once daily. For patients who do not achieve a serum uric acid less than 6 mg /dL after 2 weeks with 40 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg is recommended. Febuxostat can be administered without regard to food or antacid use. No dose adjustment is necessary when administering Febuxostat to patients with mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment.
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse events associated with the use of Febuxostat may include liver function abnormalities, nausea, arthralgia, and rash.
    ContraindicationsView
    Febuxostat is contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine, mercaptopurine, or theophylline.
    PrecautionsView
    Gout Flare: An increase in gout flares is frequently observed during initiation of anti-hyperuricemic agents, including Febuxostat. If a gout flare occurs during treatment, Febuxostat need not be discontinued. Prophylactic therapy (i.e., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or colchicine upon initiation of treatment) may be beneficial for up to six months.

    Cardiovascular Events: A higher rate of cardiovascular thromboembolic events was observed in patients treated with febuxostat than allopurinol in clinical trials. Monitor for signs and symptoms of MI and stroke.

    Liver Enzyme Elevation: Transaminase elevations have been observed in febuxostat -treated patients. Monitor liver function tests periodically.
    InteractionsView
    Concomitant administration of Febuxostat with azathioprine, mercaptopurine or theophylline could increase plasma concentrations of these drugs resulting in severe toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Febuxostat should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when Febuxostat is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been established
    Overdose effectsView
    Febustat was studied in healthy subjects in doses up to 300 mg daily for seven days without evidence of dose-limiting toxicities.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eburn

    Silver Sulfadiazine
    Cream 1% Allopathic Topical Antibiotic preparations

    Indications

    Wounds

    Indication detailsView
    Silver Sulfadiazine cream is indicated in-
    • The topical prophylaxis against bacterial colonization and infection in burn wounds.
    • The topical antibacterial management of certain contaminated or infection-prone wounds, other than burns.
    Therapeutic classView
    Topical Antibiotic preparations
    PharmacologyView
    The mechanism of Silver Sulfadiazine's antibacterial action has not been fully elucidated. After exposure to the drug, structural changes in the bacterial cell membrane occur, including distortion and enlargement of the cell and a weakening of the cell wall membrane. This is accompanied by reduced viability in sensitive strains. The silver sulfadiazine molecule dissociates and the silver moiety is bound to the bacterial cells. It is believed that, after penetrating the cell wall, the silver moiety is attached to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and prevents bacterial cell proliferation. There is approximately 100 times more DNA in mammalian cells than in bacterial cells. It is thought that the ratio of silver sulfadiazine to bacterial DNA is sufficiently high to prevent bacterial division but the corresponding ratio to epithelial DNA is low enough not to block epithelial cell regeneration. The sulfadiazine moiety also provides a bacteriostatic action against sensitive organisms. In adults, up to 10% of the sulfadiazine may be absorbed and 60 to 85% of the absorbed amount is excreted in the urine. In children with 13% body surface area burns, the urinary sulfadiazine concentration was 31.8 mg/L.
    DosageView
    The burn wounds are cleansed, and Silver Sulfadiazine is applied over the burn wound. The burn areas should be covered with Silver Sulfadiazine at all times. The cream should be applied once to twice daily to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inches or 1.5 mm. Whenever necessary; the cream should be reapplied to any areas from which it has been removed by patient activity. If individual patient requirements make dressings necessary, they may be used. Reapplication should be ensured immediately after hydrotherapy. Treatment with Silver Sulfadiazine should be continued until satisfactory healing is occurred, or until the burn site is ready for grafting. The drug should not be withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen while there remains the possibility of infection except if a significant adverse reaction occurs.
    Side effectsView
    Several cases of transient leukopenia have been reported in-patients receiving Silver Sulfadiazine therapy. Other infrequently occurring events include skin necrosis, erythema multiform, skin discoloration, burning sensation, rashes, and interstitial nephritis.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in-patients who are hypersensitive to it or any of the other ingredients in the preparation. It should not be used on pregnant women approaching or at term, on premature infants, or on newborn infants during the first 2 months of life
    PrecautionsView
    General: If hepatic and renal functions become impaired and elimination of drug decreases, accumulation may occur and discontinuation of this should be weighed against the therapeutic benefit being achieved. In considering the use of topical proteolytic enzymes in conjunction with it, the possibility should be noted that silver might inactivate such enzymes.

    Laboratory Tests: In the treatment of burn wounds involving extensive areas of the body, the serum sulfa concentrations may approach adult therapeutic levels (8 mg% to 12 mg%). Therefore, in these patients it would be advisable to monitor serum sulfa concentrations. Renal function should be carefully monitored and the urine should be checked for sulfa crystals.
    InteractionsView
    Enzymatic debriding agents: Silver sulfadiazine may inactivate enzymatic debriding agents, thus the concomitant use of these compounds may be inappropriate.

    Oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin: In patients with large area burns where serum sulfadiazine levels may approach therapeutic levels, the action of oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin may be potentiated and it is recommended that blood levels be monitored.

    Cimetidine: In-patients with large area burns, it has been reported that co-administration of Cimetidine may increase the incidence of leukopenia.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category B. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly justified, especially in pregnant women approaching or at term. It is not known whether Silver Sulfadiazine is excreted in human milk. A decision should be made, whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecal-D3

    Calcium Carbonate [Elemental source] + Vitamin D3
    Tablet 500 mg+200 IU Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

    Indications

    Rickets

    Indication detailsView
    This combination is used for treatment of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, tetany and in parathyroid disease. Calcium supplements are often used to ensure adequate dietary intake in conditions such as pregnancy & lactation, osteogenesis and tooth formation (adjunct with definite treatment) and therapy with anti-seizure medications. It is also used as routine supplement and phosphate binder in chronic renal failure.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
    PharmacologyView
    This is the preparation of Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). Calcium is necessary for many normal functions of our body, especially bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D3 helps for the absorption & reabsorption of Calcium. Vitamin D3 also stimulates bone formation. Clinical studies showed that Calcium and Vitamin D3 all together helps in bone growth, and in prevention of osteoporosis & bone fracture.
    DosageView
    Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 200 IU Tablet: 2 tablets daily or 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.

    Calcium 500 mg and Vitamin D3 400 IU Tablet: 1 tablet twice daily. It is best taken with or just after a meal to improve absorption.
    Side effectsView
    It is generally well tolerated. If there is experience like nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, dry mouth, increased thirst, increased urination while taking, noticed to physicians. Constipation may occur.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in case of hypercalcaemia, hyperthyroidism, renal calculi & nephrolithiasis and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
    PrecautionsView
    If there is any pre-existing heart disease or kidney disease, precautions should be taken.
    InteractionsView
    It has possible interaction with calcium, aluminium or magnesium containing antacids &  other calcium supplements, calcitriol & other vitamin D3 supplements; digoxin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline or oxytetracycline.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This combination should be used as directed by physician during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of overdosage may include nausea and vomiting, severe drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, metallic taste, stomach cramps, diarrhea, headache, constipation.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecena

    Aceclofenac
    Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Spondylitis

    Indication detailsView
    Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView

    Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

    DosageView

    Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
    Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

    Side effectsView

    Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

    ContraindicationsView

    Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

    PrecautionsView

    Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

    InteractionsView
    No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
    • Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
    • Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
    • Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
    • Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
    Pregnancy & lactationView

    The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

    Pediatric usageView
    There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
    StorageView

    keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eclamag

    Magnesium Sulfate
    IM/IV Injection 5 mg/10 ml Allopathic Specific mineral preparations

    Indications

    Hypomagnesemia

    Indication detailsView
    Magnesium sulfate injection is indicated mainly for the treatment of acute hypomagnesemia and magnesium deficiency states. Magnesium sulfate also has anticonvulsant properties. It can be used for the prevention and control of seizures in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific mineral preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Magnesium is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions. It plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium deficiency is accompanied by a variety of different structural and functional disturbances
    DosageView
    Intramuscular: Adults and older children: For severe hypomagnesemia, 1 to 5 gm (2 to 10 ml of 50% solution) daily in divided doses; administration is repeated daily until serum levels have returned to normal. If deficiency is not severe, 1 gm (2 ml of 50% solution) can be given once or twice daily. Serum magnesium levels should serve as a guide to continued dosage.

    Intravenous: 1 to 4 gm magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate injection) injection) may be given intravenously in 10% to 20% solution, but only with great caution; the rate should not exceed 1.5 ml of 10% solution or equivalent per minute until relaxation is obtained.

    Usual Dose Range: 1 to 40 gm daily.

    Electrolyte Replenisher: Intramuscular 1 to 2 gm in 50% solution four times a day until serum magnesium is within normal limits.

    Usual Pediatric Dose: Intramuscular 20 to 40 mg per kg of body weight in a 20% solution repeated as necessary.

    For Eclampsia: Initially 1 to 2 gm in 25% or 50% solution is given intramuscularly. Subsequently, 1 gm is given every 30 minutes until relief is obtained. The blood pressure should be monitored after each injection.
    Side effectsView
    The most common side effect is hypermagnesaemia developing from excessive administration of magnesium. Symptoms of hypermagnesaemia may include nausea, vomiting, flushing of skin, thirst, hypotension due to peripheral vasodilatation, drowsiness, confusion, muscle weakness etc. Rarely diarrhea or skin irritation after soaking may occur.
    ContraindicationsView
    Magnesium Sulfate contra-indicated in the case of defect of the heart's electrical message pathways resulting in decreased function of the heart (heart block), severe damage to the muscular wall of the heart (myocardium) and significantly decreased kidney function.
    PrecautionsView
    Magnesium salts should be administered with caution to patients with impaired renal function or those receiving digitalis glycosides. Parenteral administration of magnesium salts may enhance the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents or of central nervous system depressants. Monitor blood pressure, respiratory rate, urinary output and for signs of over dosage like loss of patellar reflex, weakness, nausea, sensation of warmth, flushing of skin, drowsiness, double vision and slurred speech.
    InteractionsView
    The dosage of barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics), or other CNS depressants should be adjusted with caution when given in conjunction with magnesium due to the additive depressant effects of magnesium. There may be an increase in the effects of neuromuscular blocking agent when given together with magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate may cause a reduction in blood pressure when administered together with calcium channel blockers.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Magnesium sulfate injection should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Magnesium sulfate is not known to be harmful for short-term intravenous administration in eclampsia but excessive doses cause neonatal respiratory depression. It is not known whether the drug is excreted in human milk. As it happens with many other drugs, cautions should be taken when it is administered to a nursing mother.
    Overdose effectsView
    Symptoms of magnesium intoxication are a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. In the event of overdose, artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected IV to antagonize the effects of magnesium.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool & dry place, keep away from light & children.

    Ecless

    Naproxen Sodium
    Gel 10% w/w Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

    Indication detailsView
    Naproxen is indicated for the relief of sign and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis & acute gout. It is also indicated for the management of primary dysmenorrhea & pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Naproxen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic properties. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and achieves 95% bioavailability.
    DosageView
    Naproxen Tablet-
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: The usual dose is 500-1000 mg daily in two divided doses after meals.
    • Management of pain, primary dysmenorrhea, acute tendonitis & bursitis: Recommended starting dose is 500 mg followed by 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 6-8 hours. The initial total daily dose should not exceed 1250 mg and thereafter, the total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.
    • Acute gout: Recommended starting dose is 750 mg followed by 250 mg every 8 hours until the attack has subsided.
    Naproxen Suspension-
    • For Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: The usual dose for children over 2 years is 10 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses at 12-hours intervals. Therapy in children under 2 years of age is not recommended.
    Naproxen Gel-
    • Is to be applied 2-6 times a day as required and is not recommended for use in children.
    Side effectsView
    Most frequently reported side effects include following:
    • Gastrointestinal: Heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache, vertigo, drowsiness.
    • Dermatological: Pruritus (itching), purpura.
    • Cardiovascular: Edema, palpitation.
    • Others: Visual disturbances, hearing disturbances.
    ContraindicationsView
    Naproxen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Naproxen. It should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. It is contraindicated for the treatment of perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
    InteractionsView
    ACE inhibitors: diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors.
    Antacids & Sucralfate: delay the absorption of Naproxen.
    Aspirin: increase adverse effects.
    Diuretics: reduce the natriuretic effect of Furosemide and Thiazides.
    Methotrexate: enhance the toxicity of Methotrexate.
    Warfarin: increase the risk of GI bleeding.
    Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): increase the risk of GI bleeding.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Naproxen is C. So, Naproxen should be avoided in pregnancy & lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecless

    Naproxen Sodium
    Oral Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

    Indications

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

    Indication detailsView
    Naproxen is indicated for the relief of sign and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis & acute gout. It is also indicated for the management of primary dysmenorrhea & pain.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    PharmacologyView
    Naproxen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic properties. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and achieves 95% bioavailability.
    DosageView
    Naproxen Tablet-
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: The usual dose is 500-1000 mg daily in two divided doses after meals.
    • Management of pain, primary dysmenorrhea, acute tendonitis & bursitis: Recommended starting dose is 500 mg followed by 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 6-8 hours. The initial total daily dose should not exceed 1250 mg and thereafter, the total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.
    • Acute gout: Recommended starting dose is 750 mg followed by 250 mg every 8 hours until the attack has subsided.
    Naproxen Suspension-
    • For Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: The usual dose for children over 2 years is 10 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses at 12-hours intervals. Therapy in children under 2 years of age is not recommended.
    Naproxen Gel-
    • Is to be applied 2-6 times a day as required and is not recommended for use in children.
    Side effectsView
    Most frequently reported side effects include following:
    • Gastrointestinal: Heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache, vertigo, drowsiness.
    • Dermatological: Pruritus (itching), purpura.
    • Cardiovascular: Edema, palpitation.
    • Others: Visual disturbances, hearing disturbances.
    ContraindicationsView
    Naproxen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Naproxen. It should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. It is contraindicated for the treatment of perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
    InteractionsView
    ACE inhibitors: diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors.
    Antacids & Sucralfate: delay the absorption of Naproxen.
    Aspirin: increase adverse effects.
    Diuretics: reduce the natriuretic effect of Furosemide and Thiazides.
    Methotrexate: enhance the toxicity of Methotrexate.
    Warfarin: increase the risk of GI bleeding.
    Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): increase the risk of GI bleeding.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Naproxen is C. So, Naproxen should be avoided in pregnancy & lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eclo

    Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
    Ointment 0.05% Allopathic Other Topical corticosteroids

    Indications

    Vitiligo

    Indication detailsView
    Clobetasol Propionate is indicated for adults, elderly and children over 1 year in following dermatoses.
    • Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis)
    • Recalcitrant dermatoses
    • Lichen planus
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Other skin conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Topical corticosteroids
    PharmacologyView
    Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It shows anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms to inhibit late phase allergic reactions. It decreases the density of mast cells, chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. It also reduces cytokine production and inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
    DosageView
    Adults, elderly and children over 1 year: Apply a thin layer of Clobetasol Propionate Cream or Ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Repeated short courses of Clobetasol Propionate may be used to control exacerbations. In more resistant lesions, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the effect of Clobetasol can be enhanced, if necessary, by occluding the treatment area with polythene film. Overnight occlusion only is usually adequate to bring about a satisfactory response. Clobetasol Propionate is super-high potency topical corticosteroids; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks. The maximum weekly dose should not be exceeded 50 gm/week. In case of children, courses should be limited if possible to five days and reviewed weekly.
    AdministrationView
    Route of administration: Cutaneous. Creams are especially appropriate for moist or weeping surfaces. Ointments are especially appropriate for dry, lichenified or scaly lesions.
    Side effectsView
    The most reported side effects are burning and stinging sensation. Less frequent adverse reactions are itching, skin atrophy, cracking and fissuring of the skin. Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical Clobetasol Propionate formulations.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. It should not be used in rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, perianal and genital pruritus, pruritus without inflammation, untreated cutaneous infections.
    PrecautionsView
    In case of using occlusive dressings, the skin should be cleansed before a fresh dressing is applied. Topical corticosteroids should be used with caution in psoriasis as rebound relapses, and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin may occur. If used on the face, treatment should be limited to 5 days. When Clobetasol Propionate used on eyelids, care should be taken to avoid the eyes as cataract and glaucoma might result from repeated exposure.
    InteractionsView
    Co-administered drugs that can inhibit CYP3A4 (eg ritonavir, itraconazole) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids leading to increased systemic exposure.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are limited data from the use of Clobetasol Propionate cream in pregnant women. Topical administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to humans has not been established. However, the administration of Clobetasol Propionate Cream during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risks of treatment.

    It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    In infants and children under 12 years of age, long-term continuous topical corticosteroid therapy should be avoided where possible, as adrenal suppression can occur. Children are more susceptible to the use of topical corticosteroids which develops atrophic changes.
    Overdose effectsView
    Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur, however, in the case of chronic over-dosage or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may occur and in this situation topical steroid should be discontinued.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Eclo

    Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
    Cream 0.05% Allopathic Other Topical corticosteroids

    Indications

    Vitiligo

    Indication detailsView
    Clobetasol Propionate is indicated for adults, elderly and children over 1 year in following dermatoses.
    • Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis)
    • Recalcitrant dermatoses
    • Lichen planus
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Other skin conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Topical corticosteroids
    PharmacologyView
    Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It shows anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms to inhibit late phase allergic reactions. It decreases the density of mast cells, chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. It also reduces cytokine production and inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
    DosageView
    Adults, elderly and children over 1 year: Apply a thin layer of Clobetasol Propionate Cream or Ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Repeated short courses of Clobetasol Propionate may be used to control exacerbations. In more resistant lesions, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the effect of Clobetasol can be enhanced, if necessary, by occluding the treatment area with polythene film. Overnight occlusion only is usually adequate to bring about a satisfactory response. Clobetasol Propionate is super-high potency topical corticosteroids; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks. The maximum weekly dose should not be exceeded 50 gm/week. In case of children, courses should be limited if possible to five days and reviewed weekly.
    AdministrationView
    Route of administration: Cutaneous. Creams are especially appropriate for moist or weeping surfaces. Ointments are especially appropriate for dry, lichenified or scaly lesions.
    Side effectsView
    The most reported side effects are burning and stinging sensation. Less frequent adverse reactions are itching, skin atrophy, cracking and fissuring of the skin. Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical Clobetasol Propionate formulations.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. It should not be used in rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, perianal and genital pruritus, pruritus without inflammation, untreated cutaneous infections.
    PrecautionsView
    In case of using occlusive dressings, the skin should be cleansed before a fresh dressing is applied. Topical corticosteroids should be used with caution in psoriasis as rebound relapses, and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin may occur. If used on the face, treatment should be limited to 5 days. When Clobetasol Propionate used on eyelids, care should be taken to avoid the eyes as cataract and glaucoma might result from repeated exposure.
    InteractionsView
    Co-administered drugs that can inhibit CYP3A4 (eg ritonavir, itraconazole) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids leading to increased systemic exposure.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are limited data from the use of Clobetasol Propionate cream in pregnant women. Topical administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to humans has not been established. However, the administration of Clobetasol Propionate Cream during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risks of treatment.

    It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
    Pediatric usageView
    In infants and children under 12 years of age, long-term continuous topical corticosteroid therapy should be avoided where possible, as adrenal suppression can occur. Children are more susceptible to the use of topical corticosteroids which develops atrophic changes.
    Overdose effectsView
    Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur, however, in the case of chronic over-dosage or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may occur and in this situation topical steroid should be discontinued.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecocort

    Econazole Nitrate + Triamcinolone Acetonide
    Cream 1%+0.1% Allopathic Triamcinolone & Combined preparations

    Indications

    Tinea corporis (ringworm)

    Indication detailsView
    Econazole Nitrate & Triamcinolone Acetonide indicated for the treatment of:
    • Eczematous Mycoses
    • Psoriasis
    • Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot)
    • Tinea Corporis (Ring worm)
    • Tinea Cruris (Jock itch)
    • Inflammatory Intertrigo
    • Diaper Dermatitis
    Onychomycoses- for the treatment of onychomycoses, local therapy with Econazole/Triamcinolone cream, combined with an oral antimycotic, is recommended.
    Therapeutic classView
    Triamcinolone & Combined preparations
    DosageView
    Adults: This cream should be applied sparingly to the skin lesion no more than 2 times daily, preferably once in the morning and once in the evening. This cream should not be applied with an occlusive dressing, or to large areas of skin on the body. The duration of treatment with this cream should continue until the inflammatory symptoms subside but not longer than 2 weeks; after 2 weeks of therapy with this cream, continue therapy as needed with a preparation containing econazole or econazole nitrate alone.

    Pediatric Use: Pediatric patients may demonstrate greater susceptibility to topical corticosteroid-induced HPA axis suppression and Cushing's syndrome than mature patients because of a larger skin surface area to body weight. Caution should be exercised.
    Side effectsView
    Rarely, transient local mild irritation, itching & redness may occur immediately after application. Econazole has the minimal allergenic effect and is well tolerated, even by delicate skin. Adrenal suppression on long term continuous topical steroid therapy may occur, particularly in infants or children, or when occlusive dressings are applied. It should be noted that an infant's napkin may act as an occlusive dressing.
    ContraindicationsView
    This Cream is contraindicated-
    • In individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
    • Like any other dermatological preparation containing corticosteroids, this Cream is contraindicated in specific skin conditions such as tuberculous, varicella, herpes simplex or other viral infections of the skin, or fresh vaccination sites.
    • Decubitus ulcers: Viral, bacterial or fungal skin infections (e.g. tuberculosis of the skin, syphilis of the skin, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox).
    • Rosacea and rosacea-like dermatitis.
    PrecautionsView
    • For external use only. This Cream is not for ophthalmic or oral use.
    • If a reaction suggesting hypersensitivity or chemical irritation should occur, use of the medication should be discontinued.
    • Corticosteroids applied to the skin can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects, including adrenal suppression. Systemic absorption may be increased by various factors such as application over a large skin surface area, application to damaged skin, application under occlusive skin dressings and prolonged duration of therapy.
    • Topical corticosteroids are associated with skin thinning and atrophy, striae, telangiectasis and purpura.
    • Topical corticosteroids may lead to increased risk of dermatological superinfection or opportunistic infection.
    Children: Increased caution is required when treating children. Compared to adults, the nature of a child's skin and the larger skin surface area relative to body weight may lead to an increased absorption of the corticosteroid via the child's skin. This cream should be used in children only for short periods of time (less than 2 weeks) and on small areas (less than 10% of body surface area).

    Visual disturbance may be associated with systemic and topical corticosteroid use. If a patient presents with symptoms such as blurred vision or other visual disturbances, the patient should be considered for referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of possible causes which may include cataract, glaucoma or rare diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
    InteractionsView
    Econazole: compound metabolized by CYP3A4/2C9 oral anticoagulants (warfarin & acenocoumarol).

    Triamcinolone: lowering of plasma salicylates levels. Increased risk of Gl bleeding and ulceration with NSAIDs. Antagonised blood glucose-lowering effects of the antidiabetics. Increased risk of Hyperkalemia with amphotericin B, beta-blockers, potassium-depleting diuretics, theophylline. Increased clearance of the triamcinolone with ciclosporin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturate, rifampicin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Not the Econazole but the Triamcinolone Acetonide crosses the placenta and topical administration of corticosteroids during pregnancy can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to human beings has not been established. However, topical steroids in large amounts or for prolonged periods
    should not be used in pregnancy.

    Lactation: Negligible amount of econazole and to some extent Triamcinolone may be excreted in small amounts in breast milk. So this cream should not be prescribed to the lactating mother or if prescribed lactation should be withheld during treatment.
    Overdose effectsView
    This Cream is for cutaneous application only. Corticosteroids applied to the skin, including triamcinolone, can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. In the event of accidental ingestion, treat symptomatically. If this cream is accidentally applied to the eyes, wash with clean water or saline and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool (below 30°C) and dry place, away from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecoderm

    Econazole Nitrate
    Cream 1% Allopathic Topical Antifungal preparations

    Indications

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis

    Indication detailsView
    Econazole Nitrate is indicated for topical application-
    • In the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum,
    • In the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition, Topical Antifungal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Econazole Nitrate interferes with fungal oxidative enzymes to cause lethal accumulation of H2O2. They also reduce the formation of ergosterol, an important constituent of fungal cell wall.
    DosageView
    Econazole vaginal tablet: One tablet should be inserted deep into the vagina at bed time for three consecutive nights. Treatment should be continued even if menstruation occurs. Although a three night course of treatment is often sufficient longer courses are advisable for women with recurrent vaginal infections.

    Econazole 30 gm cream: The supplied applicator should be filled with econazole cream and then inserted deep into the vagina at bedtime once or twice daily.

    Econazole 10 gm cream: Apply sparingly to the affected area once or twice daily until improvement occurs.

    Sufficient Econazole cream should be applied to cover affected areas once daily in patients with tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea versicolor, and twice daily (morning and evening) in patients with cutaneous candidiasis. Early relief of symptoms is experienced by the majority of patients and clinical improvement may be seen fairly soon after treatment is begun; however, candidal infections and tinea cruris and corporis should be treated for two weeks and tinea pedis for one month in order to reduce the possibility of recurrence. If a patient shows no clinical improvement after the treatment period, the diagnosis should be redetermined. Patients with tinea versicolor usually exhibit clinical and mycological clearing after two weeks of treatment.
    Side effectsView
    During clinical trials, approximately 3% of patients treated with econazole nitrate 1% cream reported side
    effects thought possibly to be due to the drug, consisting mainly of burning, itching, stinging, and erythema. One case of a pruritic rash has also been reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Econazole is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    Econazole nitrate is not for ophthalmic use.  If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or chemical irritation should occur, use of the medication should be discontinued. For external use only. Avoid introduction of Econazole Nitrate Cream into the eyes.
    InteractionsView
    Warfarin: Concomitant administration of econazole and warfarin has resulted in enhancement of anticoagulation effect. Most cases reported product application with use under occlusion, genital application, or application to large body surface area which may increase the systemic absorption of econzole nitrate. Monitoring of International Normalized Ratio (INR) and/or prothrombin time may be indicated especially for patients who apply econazole to large body surface areas, in the genital area, or under occlusion.

    Carcinogenicity Studies: Long-term animal studies to determine carcinogenic potential have not been performed.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Intravaginal administration in humans has not shown prolonged gestation or other adverse reproductive effects attributable to econazole nitrate therapy.

    Pregnancy Category C. Econazole nitrate should be used in the first trimester of pregnancy only when the physician considers it essential to the welfare of the patient. The drug should be used during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    It is not known whether econazole nitrate is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when econazole nitrate is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdosage of econazole nitrate in humans has not been reported to date.
    StorageView
    Do not use later than date of expiry. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

    Ecoderm TA

    Econazole Nitrate + Triamcinolone Acetonide
    Cream 1%+0.1% Allopathic Triamcinolone & Combined preparations

    Indications

    Tinea corporis (ringworm)

    Indication detailsView
    Econazole Nitrate & Triamcinolone Acetonide indicated for the treatment of:
    • Eczematous Mycoses
    • Psoriasis
    • Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot)
    • Tinea Corporis (Ring worm)
    • Tinea Cruris (Jock itch)
    • Inflammatory Intertrigo
    • Diaper Dermatitis
    Onychomycoses- for the treatment of onychomycoses, local therapy with Econazole/Triamcinolone cream, combined with an oral antimycotic, is recommended.
    Therapeutic classView
    Triamcinolone & Combined preparations
    DosageView
    Adults: This cream should be applied sparingly to the skin lesion no more than 2 times daily, preferably once in the morning and once in the evening. This cream should not be applied with an occlusive dressing, or to large areas of skin on the body. The duration of treatment with this cream should continue until the inflammatory symptoms subside but not longer than 2 weeks; after 2 weeks of therapy with this cream, continue therapy as needed with a preparation containing econazole or econazole nitrate alone.

    Pediatric Use: Pediatric patients may demonstrate greater susceptibility to topical corticosteroid-induced HPA axis suppression and Cushing's syndrome than mature patients because of a larger skin surface area to body weight. Caution should be exercised.
    Side effectsView
    Rarely, transient local mild irritation, itching & redness may occur immediately after application. Econazole has the minimal allergenic effect and is well tolerated, even by delicate skin. Adrenal suppression on long term continuous topical steroid therapy may occur, particularly in infants or children, or when occlusive dressings are applied. It should be noted that an infant's napkin may act as an occlusive dressing.
    ContraindicationsView
    This Cream is contraindicated-
    • In individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
    • Like any other dermatological preparation containing corticosteroids, this Cream is contraindicated in specific skin conditions such as tuberculous, varicella, herpes simplex or other viral infections of the skin, or fresh vaccination sites.
    • Decubitus ulcers: Viral, bacterial or fungal skin infections (e.g. tuberculosis of the skin, syphilis of the skin, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox).
    • Rosacea and rosacea-like dermatitis.
    PrecautionsView
    • For external use only. This Cream is not for ophthalmic or oral use.
    • If a reaction suggesting hypersensitivity or chemical irritation should occur, use of the medication should be discontinued.
    • Corticosteroids applied to the skin can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects, including adrenal suppression. Systemic absorption may be increased by various factors such as application over a large skin surface area, application to damaged skin, application under occlusive skin dressings and prolonged duration of therapy.
    • Topical corticosteroids are associated with skin thinning and atrophy, striae, telangiectasis and purpura.
    • Topical corticosteroids may lead to increased risk of dermatological superinfection or opportunistic infection.
    Children: Increased caution is required when treating children. Compared to adults, the nature of a child's skin and the larger skin surface area relative to body weight may lead to an increased absorption of the corticosteroid via the child's skin. This cream should be used in children only for short periods of time (less than 2 weeks) and on small areas (less than 10% of body surface area).

    Visual disturbance may be associated with systemic and topical corticosteroid use. If a patient presents with symptoms such as blurred vision or other visual disturbances, the patient should be considered for referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of possible causes which may include cataract, glaucoma or rare diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
    InteractionsView
    Econazole: compound metabolized by CYP3A4/2C9 oral anticoagulants (warfarin & acenocoumarol).

    Triamcinolone: lowering of plasma salicylates levels. Increased risk of Gl bleeding and ulceration with NSAIDs. Antagonised blood glucose-lowering effects of the antidiabetics. Increased risk of Hyperkalemia with amphotericin B, beta-blockers, potassium-depleting diuretics, theophylline. Increased clearance of the triamcinolone with ciclosporin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturate, rifampicin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Not the Econazole but the Triamcinolone Acetonide crosses the placenta and topical administration of corticosteroids during pregnancy can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to human beings has not been established. However, topical steroids in large amounts or for prolonged periods
    should not be used in pregnancy.

    Lactation: Negligible amount of econazole and to some extent Triamcinolone may be excreted in small amounts in breast milk. So this cream should not be prescribed to the lactating mother or if prescribed lactation should be withheld during treatment.
    Overdose effectsView
    This Cream is for cutaneous application only. Corticosteroids applied to the skin, including triamcinolone, can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. In the event of accidental ingestion, treat symptomatically. If this cream is accidentally applied to the eyes, wash with clean water or saline and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool (below 30°C) and dry place, away from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Ecolet

    Econazole Nitrate
    Cream 1% Allopathic Topical Antifungal preparations

    Indications

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis

    Indication detailsView
    Econazole Nitrate is indicated for topical application-
    • In the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum,
    • In the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs used in Vaginal and Vulval condition, Topical Antifungal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Econazole Nitrate interferes with fungal oxidative enzymes to cause lethal accumulation of H2O2. They also reduce the formation of ergosterol, an important constituent of fungal cell wall.
    DosageView
    Econazole vaginal tablet: One tablet should be inserted deep into the vagina at bed time for three consecutive nights. Treatment should be continued even if menstruation occurs. Although a three night course of treatment is often sufficient longer courses are advisable for women with recurrent vaginal infections.

    Econazole 30 gm cream: The supplied applicator should be filled with econazole cream and then inserted deep into the vagina at bedtime once or twice daily.

    Econazole 10 gm cream: Apply sparingly to the affected area once or twice daily until improvement occurs.

    Sufficient Econazole cream should be applied to cover affected areas once daily in patients with tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea versicolor, and twice daily (morning and evening) in patients with cutaneous candidiasis. Early relief of symptoms is experienced by the majority of patients and clinical improvement may be seen fairly soon after treatment is begun; however, candidal infections and tinea cruris and corporis should be treated for two weeks and tinea pedis for one month in order to reduce the possibility of recurrence. If a patient shows no clinical improvement after the treatment period, the diagnosis should be redetermined. Patients with tinea versicolor usually exhibit clinical and mycological clearing after two weeks of treatment.
    Side effectsView
    During clinical trials, approximately 3% of patients treated with econazole nitrate 1% cream reported side
    effects thought possibly to be due to the drug, consisting mainly of burning, itching, stinging, and erythema. One case of a pruritic rash has also been reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Econazole is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
    PrecautionsView
    Econazole nitrate is not for ophthalmic use.  If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or chemical irritation should occur, use of the medication should be discontinued. For external use only. Avoid introduction of Econazole Nitrate Cream into the eyes.
    InteractionsView
    Warfarin: Concomitant administration of econazole and warfarin has resulted in enhancement of anticoagulation effect. Most cases reported product application with use under occlusion, genital application, or application to large body surface area which may increase the systemic absorption of econzole nitrate. Monitoring of International Normalized Ratio (INR) and/or prothrombin time may be indicated especially for patients who apply econazole to large body surface areas, in the genital area, or under occlusion.

    Carcinogenicity Studies: Long-term animal studies to determine carcinogenic potential have not been performed.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Intravaginal administration in humans has not shown prolonged gestation or other adverse reproductive effects attributable to econazole nitrate therapy.

    Pregnancy Category C. Econazole nitrate should be used in the first trimester of pregnancy only when the physician considers it essential to the welfare of the patient. The drug should be used during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy only if clearly needed.

    It is not known whether econazole nitrate is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when econazole nitrate is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdosage of econazole nitrate in humans has not been reported to date.
    StorageView
    Do not use later than date of expiry. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.