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• When no hormonal contraceptive has been used in the past month: Start taking this tablet on the first day of your cycle, i.e. the first day of menstrual bleeding. Take a tablet marked with that day of the week. For example, if your period starts on a Friday, take a tablet marked Friday. Then follow the day's in order. You may also start on days 2-5 of your cycle, but in that case make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet taking in the first cycle.
• When changing from another combined Pill: You can start taking this tablet the day after you take the last tablet from your present Pill pack (this means no tablet free break). If your present Pill pack also contains inactive tablets you can start this tablet on the day after taking the last active tablet (if you are not sure which this is, ask your doctor or pharmacist). You can also start later, but never later than the day following the tablet-free break of your present Pill (or the day after the last inactive tablet of your present Pill).
• When changing from a progestagen-only Pill (minipill): You can stop taking the minipill any day and start taking this tablet the next day, at the same time. But make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (a barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet taking when having intercourse.
• When changing from an injectable or implant: Start using this tablet when your next injection is due or on the day that your implant is removed. But make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (a barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet-taking when having intercourse.
• After having a baby: If you have just had a baby, your doctor may tell you to wait until after your first normal period before you start taking this tablet. Sometimes it is possible to start sooner. Your doctor will advise you. If you are breast-feeding and want to take this tablet, you should discuss this first with your doctor.
• After a miscarriage or an abortion: Your doctor will advise you.

• If you are less than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, the reliability of the Pill is maintained. Take the tablet as soon as you remember and take the next tablets at the usual times.
• If you are more than 12 hours late in taking any tablet, the reliability of the Pill may be reduced. The more consecutive tablets you have missed, the higher the risk that the contraceptive efficacy is decreased. There is a particularly high risk of becoming pregnant if you miss tablets at the beginning or at the end of the pack. Therefore you should follow the rules given below.

• breast tenderness, pain and secretion;
• headache;
• changes in sexual drive; depressive moods;
• contact lens intolerance;
• nausea, vomiting and feeling sick;
• changes in vaginal secretion;
• various skin reactions;
• fluid retention;
• changes in body weight;
• hypersensitivity reactions.

• If you have, or have ever had a disorder affecting the blood circulation. In particular, those conditions relating to thrombosis. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot. This may occur in the blood vessels of the legs (deep vein thrombosis), the lungs (pulmonary embolism), the heart (heart attack), the brain (stroke), or other parts of the body.
• If you have or have ever had a condition that may be a first sign of a heart attack (such as angina pectoris or chest pain) or stroke (such as transient ischaemic attack or small reversible stroke).
• If you have diabetes mellitus with blood vessel damage.
• If you have jaundice (yellowing of the skin) or severe liver disease.
• If you have or have had cancer of the breast or the genital organs.
• If you have or have had a benign or malignant tumour in the liver.
• If you have any unexplained vaginal bleeding.
• If you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant.
• If you are allergic to any of the ingredients of this tablet.

• you smoke;
• you have diabetes;
• you are overweight;
• you have high blood pressure;
• you have a heart valve disorder or a certain heart rhythm disorder;
• you have an inflammation of your veins (superficial phlebitis);
• you have varicose veins;
• anyone in your immediate family has had a thrombosis, a heart attack or a stroke;
• you suffer from migraine;
• you suffer from epilepsy;
• you or someone in your immediate family have or had high blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides (fatty substances);
• anyone in your immediate family has had breast cancer;
• you have liver or gallbladder disease;
• you have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (chronic inflammatory bowel disease);
• you have systemic lupus eryhematosus (SLE; a disease affecting the skin all over the body);
• you have haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS; a disorder of blood coagulation causing failure of the kidneys);
• you have sickle cell disease;
• you have or have had chloasma (yellowish-brown pigmentation patches on the skin, particularly of the face): if so, avoid too much exposure to the sun or ultraviolet radiation.

• In adult patients, daily oral dosages vary from 1 mg to 10 mg and in children from 0.03-0.20 mg/kg body weight,according to the individual response.
• In some patients higher dosages may be temporarily required,to control the disease. As soon as circumstances permit,dosage should be decreased.
• For a short dexamethasone suppression test 1 mg dexamethasone is given at 11 p.m. and plasmacortisol measured the next morning.
• Patients who do not show a decrease in cortisol can be exposed to a longer test: 0.5 mg dexamethasone is given at 6-hour intervals
• for 48 hours followed by 2 mg every 6 hours for a further 48 hours. 24-hour urine collections are made before, during and at the end of the test for the determination of 17 alpha-hydroxycorticoids.

• Dexamethasone can be given by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or local injection. Dexamethasone injections can also be diluted with an infusion fluid or be injected directly into the infusion line.
• Intravenous injections of massive doses should be given slowly, over a period of several minutes.
• Intramuscular administration should be given by deep intramuscular injection,to prevent atrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissues.
• Intra-articular injections should be given under strictly aseptic conditions as glucocorticoids decrease the resistance to infection. When diluted with these infusion fluids, Dexamethasone will keep its potency for at least 24 hours (at room temperature and in daylight conditions). As infusion fluids, Sodium chloride 0.9%, Anhydrous glucose 5%, Invert sugar 10%, Sorbitol 5%, Ringer's solution, Hartman's solution (Ringer-lactate) etc.can be used.
• The dosage of Dexamethasone depends on the severity of the condition and the response of the patient.
• For systemic therapy in adults, daily doses of 0.05-0.20 mg/kg body weight are usually sufficient. For emergencies (e.g. anaphylaxis, acute severe asthma, cerebral edema) substantially higher doses are required. An initial dose of 10-20 mg IV is followed by 6 mg IV or IM every 6 hours,until a satisfactory result has been obtained. Thereafter the dosage has to be tapered off gradually.

• Intra-articularly: 2-4 mg in large and 0.8-1 mg in small joints
• Intrabursally: 2-4 mg;in tendon sheaths:0.4-1 mg
• The frequency of these injections may vary from every 3-5 days to every 2-3 weeks

• Gastric and duodenal ulcers.
• Systemic and ophthalmic fungal infections.
• Viral infections, e.g. varicella and herpes genitalis infections. Viral infections of the eye.
• Glaucoma.
• Hypersensitivity to corticosteroids

• Diuretics and/or cardiac glycosides, since potassium loss may be enhanced.This is a particular risk in patients using cardiac glycosides; since hypokalaemia increases the toxicity of these drugs.
• Antidiabetics, since glucocorticoids may impair glucose tolerance, thereby increasing the need for antidiabetic drugs.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, since the incidence and/or severity of gastro-intestinal ulceration may increase.
• Oral anti-coagulants since glucocorticoids may alter the need for these drugs.
• Glucocorticoids may be less effective when used concomitantly with liver enzyme inducing drugs,such as rifampicin, ephedrine, barbiturates, phenytoin and primidone.
• If patients undergoing long-term therapy with glucocorticoids are concomitantly given salicylates, any reduction in glucocorticoid dosage should be made with caution, since salicylate intoxication has been reported in such cases.
• Antacids;especially those containing magnesium trisilicate,have been reported to impair the gastro-intestinal absorption of glucocorticoids. Therefore, doses of one agent should be spaced as far as possible from the other.

• It is one of the most reliable reversible methods of contraception if used correctly
• It does not interrupt sex
• It usually makes period regular, lighter and less painful
• It may help with pre-menstrual symptoms

• Take your pill at the same time every day.
• Start by taking a pill marked with the correct day of the week.
• Follow the direction of the arrows on the strip. Take one pill each day, until you have finished all 21 pills.
• Swallow each pill whole, with water if necessary. Do not chew the pill.
• After you have taken all 21 pills in the strip, you have seven days when you take no pills. So, if you take the last pill of one pack on a Friday, you will take the first pill of your next pack on the Saturday of the following week.

• As a new user icrolon or starting the pill again after a break. Either take your first pill on the first day of your next period. By starting in this way, you will have contraceptive protection with your first pill.
• Or if your period has already begun start taking this tablet on day 5 (counting the first day of your period as day 1) whether or not your bleeding has stopped. You must also use extra contraception, such as condoms, until you have taken the first seven pills correctly.

• If you are currently on a 21-day pill, start taking jUicrolon the next day after the end of the previous strip. You will have contraceptive protection with your first pill but you will not have a bleed until after you finish your first strip of this pill.
• If you are currently on a 28-day pill, start taking this pill the day after your last active pill. You will have contraceptive protection with your first pill.
• You will not have a bleed until after you finish your first strip of this pill.
• Or if you are taking a Progestogen-only Pill (POP), start. This pill on the first day of bleeding, even if you have already taken the POP for that day. You will have contraceptive cover straight away. If you don't usually have any bleeding while you are taking a Progestogen-only Pill, you can stop taking it any day and start this pill the next day. You will need to use extra contraception, such as a condom, for seven days.
• Changing to this pill from a Progestogen-only injection, implant of Progestogen releasing intrauterine device (IUD). Start taking this pill when your next injection is due or on the day that your implant or IUD is removed. Make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method, such as a condom, for the first 7 days that you are taking this pill.

• You can start taking this pill three weeks after the birth or more than three weeks after the birth but you need to use extra contraception, such as a condom until you have taken the first seven pills correctly.
• If you have had sex since birth there is a chance that you could be pregnant, you should therefore use another form of contraception, such as a condom. In this case, take your first this pill on the first day of your next period.

• If you have missed any of the pills in a strip and you do not bleed in the first pill-free break, you may be pregnant. Contact your doctor or family planning clinic or do a pregnancy test yourself.
• If you start a new strip of pills late or make your "week off" longer than seven days, you may not be protected from pregnancy.
• If you had sex in the last seven days, ask your doctor, family planning nurse or pharmacist for advice. You may need to consider emergency contraception. You should also use extra contraception, such as a condom, for seven days.

• Migraine or headache (see a doctor as soon as possible if this is your first migraine or it’s worse than usual, or if the headache is severe, unusual or long lasting)
• Putting on weight or losing weight
• Breast problems, such as painful or tender breasts; producing a milky fluid from the nipples
• Depression or mood changes
• Changes in sexual desire
• Heart or circulation problems, such as increased blood pressure, swollen hands, ankles or feet (a sign of fluid retention)
• Changes in vaginal secretions (Irregular vaginal bleeding)
• Skin problems; such as, rash, bruise-like swelling to the shins (erythema nodosom)
• Stomach problems; such as, nausea, vomiting
• Discomfort of the eyes who wears contact lenses

• A blood clot in a blood vessel of legs (Deep Vein Thrombosis, DVT), lungs (Pulmonary Embolus, PE) or other organs
• A disorder affecting blood clotting- for instance, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin-lll deficiency, Factor V Leiden or antiphospholipid antibodies
• Need an operation or off to feet for a long time
• A heart attack or stroke
• Angina pectoris
• Any of the following diseases that may increase risk of a clot in the arteries: Severe diabetes with blood vessel damage, Very high blood pressure, A very high level of fat in the blood (cholesterol or triglycerides), A condition known as hyperhomocysteinaemia
• A type of migraine called "migraine with aura"
• Severe liver disease or liver tumour
• Cancer affected by sex hormones- such as some cancers of the breast, womb lining or ovary
• Vaginal bleeding that has not been explained by doctor
• Allergy (hypersensitivity) to any of the ingredients in this tablet

• Some medicines used to treat epilepsy (Primidone, Phenytoins, Barbiturates, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Topiramate, Felbamate)
• Medicine to treat tuberculosis (Rifampicin)
• Certain HIV medicines (Ritonavir)
• Certain antibiotics (Penicillins, Tetracyclines)
• St. John’s Wort (a herbal remedy)
• Griseofulvin (an antifungal drug)

• Carries on for more than the first few months
• Starts after you’ve been taking this pill for a while
• Carries on even after you’ve stopped taking this pill

• When no hormonal contraceptive has been used in the past month: Start taking this tablet on the first day of your cycle, i.e. the first day of menstrual bleeding. Take a tablet marked with that day of the week. For example, if your period starts on a Friday, take a tablet marked Friday. Then follow the day's in order. You may also start on days 2-5 of your cycle, but in that case make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet taking in the first cycle.
• When changing from another combined Pill: You can start taking this tablet the day after you take the last tablet from your present Pill pack (this means no tablet free break). If your present Pill pack also contains inactive tablets you can start this tablet on the day after taking the last active tablet (if you are not sure which this is, ask your doctor or pharmacist). You can also start later, but never later than the day following the tablet-free break of your present Pill (or the day after the last inactive tablet of your present Pill).
• When changing from a progestagen-only Pill (minipill): You can stop taking the minipill any day and start taking this tablet the next day, at the same time. But make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (a barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet taking when having intercourse.
• When changing from an injectable or implant: Start using this tablet when your next injection is due or on the day that your implant is removed. But make sure you also use an additional contraceptive method (a barrier method) for the first 7 days of tablet-taking when having intercourse.
• After having a baby: If you have just had a baby, your doctor may tell you to wait until after your first normal period before you start taking this tablet. Sometimes it is possible to start sooner. Your doctor will advise you. If you are breast-feeding and want to take this tablet, you should discuss this first with your doctor.
• After a miscarriage or an abortion: Your doctor will advise you.

• If you are less than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, the reliability of the Pill is maintained. Take the tablet as soon as you remember and take the next tablets at the usual times.
• If you are more than 12 hours late in taking any tablet, the reliability of the Pill may be reduced. The more consecutive tablets you have missed, the higher the risk that the contraceptive efficacy is decreased. There is a particularly high risk of becoming pregnant if you miss tablets at the beginning or at the end of the pack. Therefore you should follow the rules given below.

• breast tenderness, pain and secretion;
• headache;
• changes in sexual drive; depressive moods;
• contact lens intolerance;
• nausea, vomiting and feeling sick;
• changes in vaginal secretion;
• various skin reactions;
• fluid retention;
• changes in body weight;
• hypersensitivity reactions.

• If you have, or have ever had a disorder affecting the blood circulation. In particular, those conditions relating to thrombosis. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot. This may occur in the blood vessels of the legs (deep vein thrombosis), the lungs (pulmonary embolism), the heart (heart attack), the brain (stroke), or other parts of the body.
• If you have or have ever had a condition that may be a first sign of a heart attack (such as angina pectoris or chest pain) or stroke (such as transient ischaemic attack or small reversible stroke).
• If you have diabetes mellitus with blood vessel damage.
• If you have jaundice (yellowing of the skin) or severe liver disease.
• If you have or have had cancer of the breast or the genital organs.
• If you have or have had a benign or malignant tumour in the liver.
• If you have any unexplained vaginal bleeding.
• If you are pregnant or think you might be pregnant.
• If you are allergic to any of the ingredients of this tablet.

• you smoke;
• you have diabetes;
• you are overweight;
• you have high blood pressure;
• you have a heart valve disorder or a certain heart rhythm disorder;
• you have an inflammation of your veins (superficial phlebitis);
• you have varicose veins;
• anyone in your immediate family has had a thrombosis, a heart attack or a stroke;
• you suffer from migraine;
• you suffer from epilepsy;
• you or someone in your immediate family have or had high blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides (fatty substances);
• anyone in your immediate family has had breast cancer;
• you have liver or gallbladder disease;
• you have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (chronic inflammatory bowel disease);
• you have systemic lupus eryhematosus (SLE; a disease affecting the skin all over the body);
• you have haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS; a disorder of blood coagulation causing failure of the kidneys);
• you have sickle cell disease;
• you have or have had chloasma (yellowish-brown pigmentation patches on the skin, particularly of the face): if so, avoid too much exposure to the sun or ultraviolet radiation.

• Maintenance of Healed erosive esophagitis and relief of heartburn: 30 mg Once daily
• Symptomatic Non-Erosive GERD: 30 mg Once daily for 4 weeks
• Healing of erosive esophagitis: 60 mg Once daily for up to 8 weeks

• Open capsule
• Sprinkle intact granules on one tablespoon
• Swallow immediately.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml drops once daily.
• Child 1-2 years of age: 2.5 ml drops once daily.

• Child 6-11 months of age: 2 ml once daily.
• Child 1-5 years of age: 2.5 ml once daily.
• Child 6-11 years of age: 5 ml once daily.
• Adults & >12 years of age: 10 ml once daily.

• Adults and children 12 years of age and over: 1 tablet daily

Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:

Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:

Tablet-

Injection-

• Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
• Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.

• Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
• Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.

• IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
• IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.

• Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
• Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.

• More invasive procedures or awake fiberoptic intubation: 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes
• Less invasive procedures such as ophthalmic surgery: 0.5 mcg/kg over 10 minutes

• All procedures except awake fiberoptic intubation: Generally, initiate at 0.6 mcg/kg/hour and titrate to achieve desired clinical effect with dosages ranging from 0.2 to 1 mcg/kg/hour. 
• Awake fiberoptic intubation: Administer 0.7 mcg/kg/hour until the endotracheal tube is secured 

• Peptic ulcer diseases
• Gastroesophageal reflux diseases
• Ulcer induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (in combination with antibiotics)
• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

• Benign gastric ulcer: 40 mg daily in the morning for 4 weeks, continued for further 4 weeks, if not fully healed.
• Gastro-esophageal reflux disease: 20-40 mg daily in the morning for 4 weeks, continued for further 4 weeks, if not fully healed; maintenance dose is 20 mg daily, which may be increased to 40 mg daily.
• Duodenal ulcer: 40 mg daily in the morning for 2 weeks, continued for further 2 weeks if not fully healed.
• Duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori: Pantoprazole is recommended at a dose of 40 mg twice daily in association with antimicrobial agents as detailed below: Amoxycillin 1 g and Clarithromycin 500 mg both twice daily for one week, or Clarithromycin 250 mg and Metronidazole 400 mg both twice daily for one week.
• Prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric or duodenal ulcer: 20 mg daily for those require long-term NSAID treatment.
• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Initially 80 mg once daily adjusted according to response (elderly max. 40 mg daily); daily doses above 80 mg given in 2 divided doses.

• Duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer: 40 mg once daily for 7-10 days
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with a history of erosive esophagitis: 40 mg once daily for 7-10 days
• Prevention of rebleeding in peptic ulcer: IV 80 mg, followed by 8 mg/hour infusion for 72 hours
• Prophylaxis of acid aspiration: 80 mg IV every 12 h for 24 h, followed by 40mg every 12 hour
• Long-term management of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome and other pathological hypersecretory conditions: 80 mg IV every 12 hours, may increase to 80 mg every 8 hours if needed, may titrate to higher doses depending on acid output.

• at risk for urinary retention
• at risk for decreased gastrointestinal motility
• with impaired renal function
• with impaired hepatic function

• at risk for urinary retention
• at risk for decreased gastrointestinal motility
• with impaired renal function
• with impaired hepatic function

• at risk for urinary retention
• at risk for decreased gastrointestinal motility
• with impaired renal function
• with impaired hepatic function

• at risk for urinary retention
• at risk for decreased gastrointestinal motility
• with impaired renal function
• with impaired hepatic function