Medicines
Find Medicines
Search 21,000+ medicines by brand, generic, indication, or drug class
Cefador
Cefadroxil Monohydrate
Cefador
Cefadroxil Monohydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis and tonsillitis) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococci) and Streptococcus pneumoniae; urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella species and skin & soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococci (including penicillinase producing bacteria) and Streptococci.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefadroxil inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.
DosageView
Adult:
It may be taken with meals or on empty stomach. Administration with food may be helpful in diminishing potential gastrointestinal complaints.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
- Urinary Tract Infections: 1 or 2 g per day in one or two divided doses.
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
It may be taken with meals or on empty stomach. Administration with food may be helpful in diminishing potential gastrointestinal complaints.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefadroxil is well tolerated. However, the most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal disturbances and hypersensitivity phenomena.
ContraindicationsView
Cefadroxil is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cefadroxil or any of the ingredients of it.
PrecautionsView
Use of this antibiotic may cause pseudomembranous colitis; so caution should be taken during diagnosis in patients who develop diarrhea in association with Cefadroxil therapy.
InteractionsView
There is no significant drug interaction with other drugs.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefadroxil is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefadroxil have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefadroxil is administered during lactation.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Cefador
Cefadroxil Monohydrate
Cefador
Cefadroxil Monohydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis and tonsillitis) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococci) and Streptococcus pneumoniae; urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella species and skin & soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococci (including penicillinase producing bacteria) and Streptococci.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefadroxil inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.
DosageView
Adult:
It may be taken with meals or on empty stomach. Administration with food may be helpful in diminishing potential gastrointestinal complaints.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
- Urinary Tract Infections: 1 or 2 g per day in one or two divided doses.
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections: 1 g per day in one or two divided doses.
It may be taken with meals or on empty stomach. Administration with food may be helpful in diminishing potential gastrointestinal complaints.
Side effectsView
Generally Cefadroxil is well tolerated. However, the most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal disturbances and hypersensitivity phenomena.
ContraindicationsView
Cefadroxil is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Cefadroxil or any of the ingredients of it.
PrecautionsView
Use of this antibiotic may cause pseudomembranous colitis; so caution should be taken during diagnosis in patients who develop diarrhea in association with Cefadroxil therapy.
InteractionsView
There is no significant drug interaction with other drugs.
Pregnancy & lactationView
US FDA pregnancy category of Cefadroxil is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefadroxil have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefadroxil is administered during lactation.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Cefadyl
Cefixime Trihydrate
Indications
Urethritis
Indication detailsView
Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
- Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
- Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
DosageView
The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.
Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
- ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
- 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
- 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
- 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
- In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Side effectsView
The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
InteractionsView
Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
Overdose effectsView
Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
StorageView
Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cefoperazone is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms: Respiratory Tract Infections, Peritonitis & Other Intra-abdominal Infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Skin and Skin Structures Infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Endometritis & Other Infections of the Female Genital Tract, Urinary Tract Infections, Enterococcal Infections etc.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefoperazone is a bactericidal Cephalosporin antibiotic which is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against a wide range of aerobic & anaerobic, Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of Cefoperazone results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefoperazone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta-lactamases produced by most Gram negative pathogens. Cefoperazone is usually active against organisms which are resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics because of beta-lactamase production.
DosageView
Sterile Cefoperazone Sodium can be administered by IM or IV injection (following dilution).
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Side effectsView
Hypersensitivity: As with all Cephalosporins, hypersensitivity manifested by skin reactions (1 patient in 45), drug fever (1 in 260), or a change in Coombs’ test (1 in 60) has been reported. These reactions are more likely to occur in patients with a history of allergies, particularly to Penicillin.
ContraindicationsView
Cefoperazone is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the Cephalosporin-class of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
Cefoperazone is extensively excreted in bile. The serum half-life of Cefoperazone is increased 2-4 fold in patients with hepatic disease and/or biliary obstruction. In general, total daily dosage above 4 gm should not be necessary in such patients. If higher dosages are used, serum concentrations should be monitored.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B.This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Only low concentrations of Cefoperazone is excreted in human milk. Although Cefoperazone passes poorly into breast milk of nursing mothers, caution should be exercised when Cefoperazone is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Children use: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
ReconstitutionView
Cefoperazone for intravenous or intramuscular use may be initially reconstituted with compatible solution. Solutions should be allowed to stand after reconstitution to allow any foaming to dissipate to permit visual inspection for complete solubilization. Vigorous and prolonged agitation may be necessary to solubilize Cefoperazone in higher concentrations (above 333 mg Cefoperazone/ml). The maximum solubility of Cefoperazone is approximately 475 mg Cefoperazone/ml of compatible diluent.
StorageView
Cefoperazone is to be stored in a dry place, below 25°C and protected from light prior to reconstitution. The reconstituted solution may be stored for 24 hours if kept in room temperature (below 25°C).
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cefoperazone is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms: Respiratory Tract Infections, Peritonitis & Other Intra-abdominal Infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Skin and Skin Structures Infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Endometritis & Other Infections of the Female Genital Tract, Urinary Tract Infections, Enterococcal Infections etc.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefoperazone is a bactericidal Cephalosporin antibiotic which is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against a wide range of aerobic & anaerobic, Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of Cefoperazone results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefoperazone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta-lactamases produced by most Gram negative pathogens. Cefoperazone is usually active against organisms which are resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics because of beta-lactamase production.
DosageView
Sterile Cefoperazone Sodium can be administered by IM or IV injection (following dilution).
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Side effectsView
Hypersensitivity: As with all Cephalosporins, hypersensitivity manifested by skin reactions (1 patient in 45), drug fever (1 in 260), or a change in Coombs’ test (1 in 60) has been reported. These reactions are more likely to occur in patients with a history of allergies, particularly to Penicillin.
ContraindicationsView
Cefoperazone is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the Cephalosporin-class of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
Cefoperazone is extensively excreted in bile. The serum half-life of Cefoperazone is increased 2-4 fold in patients with hepatic disease and/or biliary obstruction. In general, total daily dosage above 4 gm should not be necessary in such patients. If higher dosages are used, serum concentrations should be monitored.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B.This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Only low concentrations of Cefoperazone is excreted in human milk. Although Cefoperazone passes poorly into breast milk of nursing mothers, caution should be exercised when Cefoperazone is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Children use: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
ReconstitutionView
Cefoperazone for intravenous or intramuscular use may be initially reconstituted with compatible solution. Solutions should be allowed to stand after reconstitution to allow any foaming to dissipate to permit visual inspection for complete solubilization. Vigorous and prolonged agitation may be necessary to solubilize Cefoperazone in higher concentrations (above 333 mg Cefoperazone/ml). The maximum solubility of Cefoperazone is approximately 475 mg Cefoperazone/ml of compatible diluent.
StorageView
Cefoperazone is to be stored in a dry place, below 25°C and protected from light prior to reconstitution. The reconstituted solution may be stored for 24 hours if kept in room temperature (below 25°C).
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Cefaking
Cefoperazone Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cefoperazone is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms: Respiratory Tract Infections, Peritonitis & Other Intra-abdominal Infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Skin and Skin Structures Infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Endometritis & Other Infections of the Female Genital Tract, Urinary Tract Infections, Enterococcal Infections etc.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefoperazone is a bactericidal Cephalosporin antibiotic which is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against a wide range of aerobic & anaerobic, Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of Cefoperazone results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefoperazone has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta-lactamases produced by most Gram negative pathogens. Cefoperazone is usually active against organisms which are resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics because of beta-lactamase production.
DosageView
Sterile Cefoperazone Sodium can be administered by IM or IV injection (following dilution).
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Adult: 2 to 4 grams per day administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. In severe infections or infections caused by less sensitive organisms, the total daily dose and/or frequency may be increased. Patients have been successfully treated with a total daily dosage of 6-12 grams divided into 2,3, or 4 administrations ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams per dose. When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Side effectsView
Hypersensitivity: As with all Cephalosporins, hypersensitivity manifested by skin reactions (1 patient in 45), drug fever (1 in 260), or a change in Coombs’ test (1 in 60) has been reported. These reactions are more likely to occur in patients with a history of allergies, particularly to Penicillin.
ContraindicationsView
Cefoperazone is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the Cephalosporin-class of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
Cefoperazone is extensively excreted in bile. The serum half-life of Cefoperazone is increased 2-4 fold in patients with hepatic disease and/or biliary obstruction. In general, total daily dosage above 4 gm should not be necessary in such patients. If higher dosages are used, serum concentrations should be monitored.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B.This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Only low concentrations of Cefoperazone is excreted in human milk. Although Cefoperazone passes poorly into breast milk of nursing mothers, caution should be exercised when Cefoperazone is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Children use: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Geriatric use: Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
ReconstitutionView
Cefoperazone for intravenous or intramuscular use may be initially reconstituted with compatible solution. Solutions should be allowed to stand after reconstitution to allow any foaming to dissipate to permit visual inspection for complete solubilization. Vigorous and prolonged agitation may be necessary to solubilize Cefoperazone in higher concentrations (above 333 mg Cefoperazone/ml). The maximum solubility of Cefoperazone is approximately 475 mg Cefoperazone/ml of compatible diluent.
StorageView
Cefoperazone is to be stored in a dry place, below 25°C and protected from light prior to reconstitution. The reconstituted solution may be stored for 24 hours if kept in room temperature (below 25°C).
Cefalex
Cephalexin
Cefalex
Cephalexin
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.
- Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
- Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
- Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
- Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.
DosageView
Adult:
Children's Weight Recommended Dose:
- The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
- For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
- In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.
Children's Weight Recommended Dose:
- 10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
- 20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
- 40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid
Side effectsView
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.
ContraindicationsView
Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.
StorageView
Should be stored in cool and dry place.
Cefalex
Cephalexin
Cefalex
Cephalexin
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.
- Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
- Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
- Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
- Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.
DosageView
Adult:
Children's Weight Recommended Dose:
- The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
- For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
- In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.
Children's Weight Recommended Dose:
- 10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
- 20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
- 40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid
Side effectsView
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.
ContraindicationsView
Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.
StorageView
Should be stored in cool and dry place.
Cefalin
Cefazolin Sodium
Cefalin
Cefazolin Sodium
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cefazolin is indicated in the treatment of the following serious infections due to susceptible organisms: Respiratory Tract Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Skin and Skin Structure Infections, Biliary Tract Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Genital Infections, Septicemia, Endocarditis and Perioperative Prophylaxis.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cefazolin is a 1st generation broad spectrum parenteral Cephalosporin antibiotic.It interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell wall by inhibiting transpeptidase enzyme. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened,the cell swells and then ruptures.
DosageView
Adult Dose
- Moderate to severe infection: 500 mg to 1 gm for every 6 to 8 hours
- Mild infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive cocci: 250 mg to 500 mg for every 8 hours
- Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 1 gm for every 12 hours
- Pneumococcal pneumonia: 500 mg for every 12 hours
- Severe life-threatening infections (e.g. Endocarditis, Septicemia): 1 gm to 1.5 gm for every 6 hours. In rare instances, doses up to 12 gm per day can be used
- 1 gm IM or IV administered half hour to 1 hour prior to the start of surgery.
- For lengthy operative procedures (e.g. 2 hours or more), 500 mg to 1 gm IM or IV during surgery.
- 500 mg to 1 gm IM or IV every 6 to 8 hours for 24 hours postoperatively.
Side effectsView
Common side effects include:Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, skin rash, or a hard lump), diarrhea, stomach pain, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, skin rash or itching, hives, white patches or sores inside the mouth or on the lips, vaginal itching or discharge,heartburn, gas,rectal itching,confusion, weakness, hypotension, drowsiness, headache and allergic reactions.
ContraindicationsView
Cefazolin is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the Cephalosporin group of Antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
- As with all Cephalosporins, Cefazolin should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly Colitis.
- As with other β-lactam antibiotics, seizures may occur if inappropriately high doses are administered to patients with impaired renal function.
InteractionsView
Probenecid may decrease renal tubular secretion of Cephalosporins when used concurrently, resulting in increased and more prolonged Cephalosporin blood levels.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. Cefazolin is present in very low concentrations in the milk of nursing mothers.Caution should be exercised when Cefazolin is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
Patients with Impaired Renal Function:
Pediatric Dose: In pediatric patients, a total daily dosage of 25 to 50 mg per kg of body weight, divided into 3 or 4 equal doses, is effective for most mild to moderate infections. Total daily dosage may be increased to 100 mg per kg of body weight for severe infections. Safety for use in premature infants and in neonates has not been established.
- Creatinine clearance 35 to 54 ml/min: 1 unit dose (based on unit doses of 500 mg & 1 gm) Every 8 hours
- Creatinine clearance 11 to 34 ml/min: ½ unit dose (based on unit doses of 500 mg & 1 gm) Every 12 hours
- Creatinine clearance 10 ml/min: ½ unit dose (based on unit doses of 500 mg & 1 gm) Every 18 to 24 hours
Pediatric Dose: In pediatric patients, a total daily dosage of 25 to 50 mg per kg of body weight, divided into 3 or 4 equal doses, is effective for most mild to moderate infections. Total daily dosage may be increased to 100 mg per kg of body weight for severe infections. Safety for use in premature infants and in neonates has not been established.
ReconstitutionView
The content of one vial is to be dissolved in 2 ml (for 500 mg IM/IV Injection) & 2.5 ml (for 1 gm IM/IV Injection) Water for Injection.
StorageView
After reconstitution, Cefazolin is stable for 24 hours at room temperature or for 10 days if stored under refrigeration (5°C). Reconstituted solution may range in color from pale yellow to yellow without a change in potency.
Cefamax
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Cefamax
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftibuten is indicated for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including (β-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only).
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftibuten is the dihydrate salt of Ceftibuten, is a semi-synthetic Cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.
DosageView
Otitis Media-
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Adult Dosage: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
Side effectsView
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftibuten is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged treatment may result in the possible emergence and overgrowth of resistant organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. The dose of Ceftibuten may require adjustment in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Ceftibuten should be prescribed with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
InteractionsView
Theophylline & Antacid do not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftibuten. Ranitidine increases the Cmax & AUC of Ceftibuten.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are no controlled data on the use of Ceftibuten in pregnant women. Ceftibuten should be used in pregnancy only when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk. It is not known whether Ceftibuten (recommended dosage) is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be excercised when Ceftibuten is administered to nursing women.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment-
- CrCl 5 to 29 ml/min: 2.25 mg/kg or 100 mg orally once a day
- CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min: 4.5 mg/kg or 200 mg orally once a day
ReconstitutionView
- The small bottle contains purified water and large bottle contains granules
- Pour the purified water completely into large bottle
- Tighten the cap of large bottle and shake the bottle for at least one minute
- Use a measuring cup or dropper for reconstituted suspension
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. For Suspension: After reconstitution, the suspension may be used for 14 days while stored at 2° to 8°C. Keep out of reach of children.
Cefamax
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Cefamax
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftibuten is indicated for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including (β-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only).
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftibuten is the dihydrate salt of Ceftibuten, is a semi-synthetic Cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.
DosageView
Otitis Media-
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Adult Dosage: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
Side effectsView
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftibuten is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged treatment may result in the possible emergence and overgrowth of resistant organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. The dose of Ceftibuten may require adjustment in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Ceftibuten should be prescribed with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
InteractionsView
Theophylline & Antacid do not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftibuten. Ranitidine increases the Cmax & AUC of Ceftibuten.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are no controlled data on the use of Ceftibuten in pregnant women. Ceftibuten should be used in pregnancy only when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk. It is not known whether Ceftibuten (recommended dosage) is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be excercised when Ceftibuten is administered to nursing women.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment-
- CrCl 5 to 29 ml/min: 2.25 mg/kg or 100 mg orally once a day
- CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min: 4.5 mg/kg or 200 mg orally once a day
ReconstitutionView
- The small bottle contains purified water and large bottle contains granules
- Pour the purified water completely into large bottle
- Tighten the cap of large bottle and shake the bottle for at least one minute
- Use a measuring cup or dropper for reconstituted suspension
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. For Suspension: After reconstitution, the suspension may be used for 14 days while stored at 2° to 8°C. Keep out of reach of children.
Cefamax DS
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Cefamax DS
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftibuten is indicated for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including (β-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only).
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftibuten is the dihydrate salt of Ceftibuten, is a semi-synthetic Cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.
DosageView
Otitis Media-
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Adult Dosage: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
Side effectsView
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftibuten is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged treatment may result in the possible emergence and overgrowth of resistant organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. The dose of Ceftibuten may require adjustment in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Ceftibuten should be prescribed with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
InteractionsView
Theophylline & Antacid do not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftibuten. Ranitidine increases the Cmax & AUC of Ceftibuten.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are no controlled data on the use of Ceftibuten in pregnant women. Ceftibuten should be used in pregnancy only when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk. It is not known whether Ceftibuten (recommended dosage) is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be excercised when Ceftibuten is administered to nursing women.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment-
- CrCl 5 to 29 ml/min: 2.25 mg/kg or 100 mg orally once a day
- CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min: 4.5 mg/kg or 200 mg orally once a day
ReconstitutionView
- The small bottle contains purified water and large bottle contains granules
- Pour the purified water completely into large bottle
- Tighten the cap of large bottle and shake the bottle for at least one minute
- Use a measuring cup or dropper for reconstituted suspension
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. For Suspension: After reconstitution, the suspension may be used for 14 days while stored at 2° to 8°C. Keep out of reach of children.
Cefasia
Cephradine
Cefasia
Cephradine
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
- Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
- Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
- Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
- Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
DosageView
For oral administration-
Adults:
For injectable administration-
Adults:
- Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
- Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
- Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
- Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
For injectable administration-
- Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
- Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
Side effectsView
Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
- Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
- Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
- Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
- Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
ContraindicationsView
Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
- Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
- Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
- Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
- Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
- This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
InteractionsView
The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
- CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
- 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
- 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
- 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
- 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
StorageView
Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician
Cefasia
Cephradine
Cefasia
Cephradine
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
- Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
- Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
- Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
- Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
DosageView
For oral administration-
Adults:
For injectable administration-
Adults:
- Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
- Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
- Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
- Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
For injectable administration-
- Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
- Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
Side effectsView
Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
- Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
- Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
- Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
- Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
ContraindicationsView
Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
- Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
- Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
- Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
- Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
- This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
InteractionsView
The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
- CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
- 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
- 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
- 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
- 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
StorageView
Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician
Cefasia DS
Cephradine
Cefasia DS
Cephradine
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
- Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
- Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
- Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
- Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
Therapeutic classView
First generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
DosageView
For oral administration-
Adults:
For injectable administration-
Adults:
- Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
- Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
- Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
- Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
- Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
For injectable administration-
- Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
- Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
Side effectsView
Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
- Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
- Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
- Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
- Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
- Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
- Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
ContraindicationsView
Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
PrecautionsView
- Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
- Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
- Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
- Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
- This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
InteractionsView
The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
- CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
- CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
- 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
- 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
- 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
- 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
Overdose effectsView
The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
StorageView
Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician
Cefaten
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Cefaten
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftibuten is indicated for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including (β-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only).
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftibuten is the dihydrate salt of Ceftibuten, is a semi-synthetic Cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.
DosageView
Otitis Media-
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Adult Dosage: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
Side effectsView
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftibuten is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged treatment may result in the possible emergence and overgrowth of resistant organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. The dose of Ceftibuten may require adjustment in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Ceftibuten should be prescribed with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
InteractionsView
Theophylline & Antacid do not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftibuten. Ranitidine increases the Cmax & AUC of Ceftibuten.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are no controlled data on the use of Ceftibuten in pregnant women. Ceftibuten should be used in pregnancy only when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk. It is not known whether Ceftibuten (recommended dosage) is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be excercised when Ceftibuten is administered to nursing women.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment-
- CrCl 5 to 29 ml/min: 2.25 mg/kg or 100 mg orally once a day
- CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min: 4.5 mg/kg or 200 mg orally once a day
ReconstitutionView
- The small bottle contains purified water and large bottle contains granules
- Pour the purified water completely into large bottle
- Tighten the cap of large bottle and shake the bottle for at least one minute
- Use a measuring cup or dropper for reconstituted suspension
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. For Suspension: After reconstitution, the suspension may be used for 14 days while stored at 2° to 8°C. Keep out of reach of children.
Cefaten
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Cefaten
Ceftibuten Dihydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftibuten is indicated for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including (β-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only).
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media: Due to Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftibuten is the dihydrate salt of Ceftibuten, is a semi-synthetic Cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.
DosageView
Otitis Media-
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 7 days
- Adult Dosage: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 200 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >12 years: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 to 14 days
- Adult Dosage: 400 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days
- Pediatric Dosage: >6 months: 9 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg) every 24 hours for 10 days
Side effectsView
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftibuten is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged treatment may result in the possible emergence and overgrowth of resistant organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. The dose of Ceftibuten may require adjustment in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Ceftibuten should be prescribed with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
InteractionsView
Theophylline & Antacid do not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftibuten. Ranitidine increases the Cmax & AUC of Ceftibuten.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. There are no controlled data on the use of Ceftibuten in pregnant women. Ceftibuten should be used in pregnancy only when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk. It is not known whether Ceftibuten (recommended dosage) is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be excercised when Ceftibuten is administered to nursing women.
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment-
- CrCl 5 to 29 ml/min: 2.25 mg/kg or 100 mg orally once a day
- CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min: 4.5 mg/kg or 200 mg orally once a day
ReconstitutionView
- The small bottle contains purified water and large bottle contains granules
- Pour the purified water completely into large bottle
- Tighten the cap of large bottle and shake the bottle for at least one minute
- Use a measuring cup or dropper for reconstituted suspension
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. For Suspension: After reconstitution, the suspension may be used for 14 days while stored at 2° to 8°C. Keep out of reach of children.
Cefazid
Ceftazidime Pentahydrate
Cefazid
Ceftazidime Pentahydrate
Indications
Urinary tract infection
Indication detailsView
Ceftazidime Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Serratia spp.; Citrobacter spp.; Streptococcus pneumoniae; and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp.; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains); and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).
Urinary Tract Infections, both complicated and uncomplicated, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli.
Bacterial Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Gynecologic Infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and other infections of the female genital tract caused by Escherichia coli.
Intraabdominal Infections, including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains) and polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms and Bacteroides spp.
Central Nervous System Infections, including meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains; Klebsiella spp.; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Serratia spp.; Citrobacter spp.; Streptococcus pneumoniae; and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter spp.; Serratia spp.; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains); and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).
Urinary Tract Infections, both complicated and uncomplicated, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterobacter spp.; Proteus spp., including Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli.
Bacterial Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains).
Gynecologic Infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and other infections of the female genital tract caused by Escherichia coli.
Intraabdominal Infections, including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible strains) and polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms and Bacteroides spp.
Central Nervous System Infections, including meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Therapeutic classView
Third generation Cephalosporins
PharmacologyView
Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis. A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.
DosageView
The usual adult dosage is 1 gram administered intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 to 12 hours. The dosage and route should be determined by the susceptibility of the causative organisms, the severity of infection and the condition, and renal function of the patient.
Ceftazidime is to be used by the parenteral route, the dosage depending upon the severity, sensitivity & type of infections and the age, weight & renal function of the patient.
Adults: The adult dosage range for ceftazidime is 1 to 6 gm per day 8 or 12 hourly (IM/IV) in the majority of infections, 1 gm 8 hourly or 2 gm 12 hourly should be given.
Neonates and Children up to 2 months of age: The usual dosage range is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day as two divided doses.
Ceftazidime is to be used by the parenteral route, the dosage depending upon the severity, sensitivity & type of infections and the age, weight & renal function of the patient.
Adults: The adult dosage range for ceftazidime is 1 to 6 gm per day 8 or 12 hourly (IM/IV) in the majority of infections, 1 gm 8 hourly or 2 gm 12 hourly should be given.
- In urinary tract infections and many less serious infections: 500 mg or 1 gm 12 hourly is usually adequate.
- In severe infections, especially immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia: 2 gm 8 or 12 hourly should be administered. When used as a prophylactic agent in prostatic surgery 1 gm should be given at the induction of anesthesia. A second dose should be considered at the time of catheter removal.
- Cystic fibrosis: In fibrocystic adults with normal renal function who have pseudomonal lung infections, high doses of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day as three divided doses should be used.
Neonates and Children up to 2 months of age: The usual dosage range is 25 to 60 mg/kg/day as two divided doses.
AdministrationView
Ceftazidime may be given intravenously or by deep IM injection into a large muscle mass such as the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus or lateral proof of the thigh. Intra-arterial administration should be avoided. For IV/IM administration, Ceftazidime should be reconstituted with the supplied Sterile Water for Injection.
Side effectsView
The most common side-effects are local reactions following IV injection and allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions are pruritus, rash, and fever. Angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported very rarely. Gastrointestinal symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Central nervous system reactions included headache, dizziness, and paresthesia.
ContraindicationsView
Ceftazidime is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to Ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
PrecautionsView
The total daily dosage should be reduced when Ceftazidime is administered to patients with renal insufficiency. Ceftazidime should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have been conducted with Ceftazidime. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Lactation: Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the safety of the component of the injections in nursing infants has not been established, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Lactation: Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the safety of the component of the injections in nursing infants has not been established, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric usageView
Impaired Renal Function: Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min), it is recommended that the dosage of ceftazidime be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, an initial loading dose of 1 gram of Ceftazidime may be given. An estimate of GFR should be made to determine the appropriate maintenance dosage.
Dosage in peritoneal dialysis: Ceftazidime may also be used in peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). As well as using Ceftazidime intravenously, it can be incorporated into the dialysis fluid (usually 125 to 250 mg for 2L of dialysis fluid).
Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Dosage in peritoneal dialysis: Ceftazidime may also be used in peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). As well as using Ceftazidime intravenously, it can be incorporated into the dialysis fluid (usually 125 to 250 mg for 2L of dialysis fluid).
Impaired Hepatic Function: No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Overdose effectsView
Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma. Patients who receive an acute overdosage should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment.
ReconstitutionView
Single-dose vial Administration Amount of WFI to be added: 250 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 250 mg IV in 5 ml, 500 mg IM in 1.5 ml, 500 mg IV in 5 ml and 1 g IM in 3 ml, 1 g IV in 10 ml.
StorageView
Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions are stable for up to 24 h if stored between 2°-8°C.