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Aclobet
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Aclobet
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Indications
Vitiligo
Indication detailsView
Clobetasol Propionate is indicated for adults, elderly and children over 1 year in following dermatoses.
- Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis)
- Recalcitrant dermatoses
- Lichen planus
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Other skin conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids
Therapeutic classView
Other Topical corticosteroids
PharmacologyView
Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It shows anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms to inhibit late phase allergic reactions. It decreases the density of mast cells, chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. It also reduces cytokine production and inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
DosageView
Adults, elderly and children over 1 year: Apply a thin layer of Clobetasol Propionate Cream or Ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Repeated short courses of Clobetasol Propionate may be used to control exacerbations. In more resistant lesions, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the effect of Clobetasol can be enhanced, if necessary, by occluding the treatment area with polythene film. Overnight occlusion only is usually adequate to bring about a satisfactory response. Clobetasol Propionate is super-high potency topical corticosteroids; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks. The maximum weekly dose should not be exceeded 50 gm/week. In case of children, courses should be limited if possible to five days and reviewed weekly.
AdministrationView
Route of administration: Cutaneous. Creams are especially appropriate for moist or weeping surfaces. Ointments are especially appropriate for dry, lichenified or scaly lesions.
Side effectsView
The most reported side effects are burning and stinging sensation. Less frequent adverse reactions are itching, skin atrophy, cracking and fissuring of the skin. Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical Clobetasol Propionate formulations.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. It should not be used in rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, perianal and genital pruritus, pruritus without inflammation, untreated cutaneous infections.
PrecautionsView
In case of using occlusive dressings, the skin should be cleansed before a fresh dressing is applied. Topical corticosteroids should be used with caution in psoriasis as rebound relapses, and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin may occur. If used on the face, treatment should be limited to 5 days. When Clobetasol Propionate used on eyelids, care should be taken to avoid the eyes as cataract and glaucoma might result from repeated exposure.
InteractionsView
Co-administered drugs that can inhibit CYP3A4 (eg ritonavir, itraconazole) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids leading to increased systemic exposure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are limited data from the use of Clobetasol Propionate cream in pregnant women. Topical administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to humans has not been established. However, the administration of Clobetasol Propionate Cream during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risks of treatment.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
In infants and children under 12 years of age, long-term continuous topical corticosteroid therapy should be avoided where possible, as adrenal suppression can occur. Children are more susceptible to the use of topical corticosteroids which develops atrophic changes.
Overdose effectsView
Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur, however, in the case of chronic over-dosage or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may occur and in this situation topical steroid should be discontinued.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aclobet
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Aclobet
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Indications
Vitiligo
Indication detailsView
Clobetasol Propionate is indicated for adults, elderly and children over 1 year in following dermatoses.
- Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis)
- Recalcitrant dermatoses
- Lichen planus
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Other skin conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids
Therapeutic classView
Other Topical corticosteroids
PharmacologyView
Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It shows anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms to inhibit late phase allergic reactions. It decreases the density of mast cells, chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. It also reduces cytokine production and inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
DosageView
Adults, elderly and children over 1 year: Apply a thin layer of Clobetasol Propionate Cream or Ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Repeated short courses of Clobetasol Propionate may be used to control exacerbations. In more resistant lesions, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the effect of Clobetasol can be enhanced, if necessary, by occluding the treatment area with polythene film. Overnight occlusion only is usually adequate to bring about a satisfactory response. Clobetasol Propionate is super-high potency topical corticosteroids; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks. The maximum weekly dose should not be exceeded 50 gm/week. In case of children, courses should be limited if possible to five days and reviewed weekly.
AdministrationView
Route of administration: Cutaneous. Creams are especially appropriate for moist or weeping surfaces. Ointments are especially appropriate for dry, lichenified or scaly lesions.
Side effectsView
The most reported side effects are burning and stinging sensation. Less frequent adverse reactions are itching, skin atrophy, cracking and fissuring of the skin. Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical Clobetasol Propionate formulations.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. It should not be used in rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, perianal and genital pruritus, pruritus without inflammation, untreated cutaneous infections.
PrecautionsView
In case of using occlusive dressings, the skin should be cleansed before a fresh dressing is applied. Topical corticosteroids should be used with caution in psoriasis as rebound relapses, and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin may occur. If used on the face, treatment should be limited to 5 days. When Clobetasol Propionate used on eyelids, care should be taken to avoid the eyes as cataract and glaucoma might result from repeated exposure.
InteractionsView
Co-administered drugs that can inhibit CYP3A4 (eg ritonavir, itraconazole) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids leading to increased systemic exposure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are limited data from the use of Clobetasol Propionate cream in pregnant women. Topical administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to humans has not been established. However, the administration of Clobetasol Propionate Cream during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risks of treatment.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
In infants and children under 12 years of age, long-term continuous topical corticosteroid therapy should be avoided where possible, as adrenal suppression can occur. Children are more susceptible to the use of topical corticosteroids which develops atrophic changes.
Overdose effectsView
Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur, however, in the case of chronic over-dosage or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may occur and in this situation topical steroid should be discontinued.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aclobet-N
Clobetasol Propionate + Neomycin Sulphate + Nystatin
Aclobet-N
Clobetasol Propionate + Neomycin Sulphate + Nystatin
Indications
Severe inflammatory skin disorders
Indication detailsView
This preparation is indicated in-
- Short courses treatment of recalcitrant eczemas.
- Neurodermatoses.
- Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis) where secondary bacterial infection or fungal infection is present, suspected or likely to occur.
- Other inflammatory conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less active steroids.
Therapeutic classView
Clobetasol / Clobetasone & Combined Preparations
PharmacologyView
Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent corticosteroid. It is prescribed to treat severe inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis that have not responded to weaker corticosteroids. Neomycin Sulphate is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside type and is used to treat infections with bacteria. Nystatin is an antifungal that kills fungi and yeasts by interfering with their cell membranes. The mechanism of the topical steroids like Clobetasol, in general, is unclear. However, Clobetasol Propionate is highly active corticosteroid with topical anti-inflammatory activity. The major effect of Clobetasol Propionate on skin is a nonspecific anti-inflammatory response, partially due to vasoconstriction and decrease in collagen synthesis. Neomycin binds to the ribosomal 30s and 50s sub-units of susceptible bacteria and inhibits protein synthesis. Neomycin also causes a misreading of the genetic codes of the mRNA template and this causes incorrect amino acids to be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. Nystatin acts by binding to sterols in the cell membrane of the fungus with a resultant change in membrane permeability allowing leakage of intracellular components.
DosageView
Adults: Apply sparingly to the affected area once or twice daily until improvement occurs. In very resistant lesion, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the anti-inflammatory effect of this preparation can be enhanced (if necessary) by occluding the treatment area with polythene. Treatment should not be continued for more than 7 days without medical supervision. If a longer course is necessary, it is recommended that treatment should not be continued for more than 4 weeks without the patient's condition being reviewed.
Elderly: This preparation is suitable for use in elderly. Caution should be exercised in cases where a decrease in renal function exists and significant systemic absorption of Neomycin Sulphate may occur.
Children: This preparation is suitable for use in children (2 years and over) at the same dose as adults. A possibility of increased absorption exists in very young children, thus this cream/ointment is not recommended for use in neonates and infants (younger than 2 years).
Elderly: This preparation is suitable for use in elderly. Caution should be exercised in cases where a decrease in renal function exists and significant systemic absorption of Neomycin Sulphate may occur.
Children: This preparation is suitable for use in children (2 years and over) at the same dose as adults. A possibility of increased absorption exists in very young children, thus this cream/ointment is not recommended for use in neonates and infants (younger than 2 years).
Side effectsView
As with other topical corticosteroids, prolonged use of large amount or treatment of extensive areas can result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce the features of hypercortisolism. The effect is more likely to occur in infants and children and if occlusive dressings are used. Prolonged and intensive treatment with highly active corticosteroid preparations may cause local atrophic changes in the skin such as thinning, striae, and dilatation of the superficial blood vessels, particularly when occlusive dressings are used, or when skin folds are involved. There are reports of pigmentation changes and hypertrichosis with topical steroids.
ContraindicationsView
This medication is contraindicated in rosacea, acne vulgaris and perioral dermatitis, primary cutaneous viral infection (eg-Herpes simplex, chicken pox) and hypersensitivity to the preparation.
PrecautionsView
Long-term continuous topical therapy should be avoided where possible, particularly in infants and children, as adrenal suppression can occur readily even without occlusion. If applied to the eyelids, care is needed to ensure that the preparation does not enter the eye, as glaucoma might result. If this medication does enter the eye, the affected eye should be thoroughly washed with copious amount of water.
InteractionsView
Neomycin Sulphate can intensify and prolong the respiratory depressant effects of neuromuscular blocking agents following significant systemic absorption. However, if used in accordance with the recommendations, systemic exposure to Neomycin Sulphate is expected to be minimal and drug interactions are unlikely to be significant. No hazardous interactions have been reported with use of Clobetasol Propionate or Nystatin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There is little information to demonstrate the possible effect of topically applied Neomycin in pregnancy and lactation. However, Neomycin present in the maternal blood can cross the placenta and may give rise to a theoretical risk of foetal toxicity, thus the use of the preparation is not recommended in pregnancy and lactation. The safety of Clobetasol Propionate has not been established in lactating mothers.
Overdose effectsView
Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur. No overdose-related problem yet reported. However, in the case of chronic overdosage or misuse, the features of hypercortisolism may appear and in this situation, topical steroids should be discontinued gradually.
StorageView
Store below 25°C temperature. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Aclobet-N
Clobetasol Propionate + Neomycin Sulphate + Nystatin
Aclobet-N
Clobetasol Propionate + Neomycin Sulphate + Nystatin
Indications
Severe inflammatory skin disorders
Indication detailsView
This preparation is indicated in-
- Short courses treatment of recalcitrant eczemas.
- Neurodermatoses.
- Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis) where secondary bacterial infection or fungal infection is present, suspected or likely to occur.
- Other inflammatory conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less active steroids.
Therapeutic classView
Clobetasol / Clobetasone & Combined Preparations
PharmacologyView
Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent corticosteroid. It is prescribed to treat severe inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis that have not responded to weaker corticosteroids. Neomycin Sulphate is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside type and is used to treat infections with bacteria. Nystatin is an antifungal that kills fungi and yeasts by interfering with their cell membranes. The mechanism of the topical steroids like Clobetasol, in general, is unclear. However, Clobetasol Propionate is highly active corticosteroid with topical anti-inflammatory activity. The major effect of Clobetasol Propionate on skin is a nonspecific anti-inflammatory response, partially due to vasoconstriction and decrease in collagen synthesis. Neomycin binds to the ribosomal 30s and 50s sub-units of susceptible bacteria and inhibits protein synthesis. Neomycin also causes a misreading of the genetic codes of the mRNA template and this causes incorrect amino acids to be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. Nystatin acts by binding to sterols in the cell membrane of the fungus with a resultant change in membrane permeability allowing leakage of intracellular components.
DosageView
Adults: Apply sparingly to the affected area once or twice daily until improvement occurs. In very resistant lesion, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the anti-inflammatory effect of this preparation can be enhanced (if necessary) by occluding the treatment area with polythene. Treatment should not be continued for more than 7 days without medical supervision. If a longer course is necessary, it is recommended that treatment should not be continued for more than 4 weeks without the patient's condition being reviewed.
Elderly: This preparation is suitable for use in elderly. Caution should be exercised in cases where a decrease in renal function exists and significant systemic absorption of Neomycin Sulphate may occur.
Children: This preparation is suitable for use in children (2 years and over) at the same dose as adults. A possibility of increased absorption exists in very young children, thus this cream/ointment is not recommended for use in neonates and infants (younger than 2 years).
Elderly: This preparation is suitable for use in elderly. Caution should be exercised in cases where a decrease in renal function exists and significant systemic absorption of Neomycin Sulphate may occur.
Children: This preparation is suitable for use in children (2 years and over) at the same dose as adults. A possibility of increased absorption exists in very young children, thus this cream/ointment is not recommended for use in neonates and infants (younger than 2 years).
Side effectsView
As with other topical corticosteroids, prolonged use of large amount or treatment of extensive areas can result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce the features of hypercortisolism. The effect is more likely to occur in infants and children and if occlusive dressings are used. Prolonged and intensive treatment with highly active corticosteroid preparations may cause local atrophic changes in the skin such as thinning, striae, and dilatation of the superficial blood vessels, particularly when occlusive dressings are used, or when skin folds are involved. There are reports of pigmentation changes and hypertrichosis with topical steroids.
ContraindicationsView
This medication is contraindicated in rosacea, acne vulgaris and perioral dermatitis, primary cutaneous viral infection (eg-Herpes simplex, chicken pox) and hypersensitivity to the preparation.
PrecautionsView
Long-term continuous topical therapy should be avoided where possible, particularly in infants and children, as adrenal suppression can occur readily even without occlusion. If applied to the eyelids, care is needed to ensure that the preparation does not enter the eye, as glaucoma might result. If this medication does enter the eye, the affected eye should be thoroughly washed with copious amount of water.
InteractionsView
Neomycin Sulphate can intensify and prolong the respiratory depressant effects of neuromuscular blocking agents following significant systemic absorption. However, if used in accordance with the recommendations, systemic exposure to Neomycin Sulphate is expected to be minimal and drug interactions are unlikely to be significant. No hazardous interactions have been reported with use of Clobetasol Propionate or Nystatin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There is little information to demonstrate the possible effect of topically applied Neomycin in pregnancy and lactation. However, Neomycin present in the maternal blood can cross the placenta and may give rise to a theoretical risk of foetal toxicity, thus the use of the preparation is not recommended in pregnancy and lactation. The safety of Clobetasol Propionate has not been established in lactating mothers.
Overdose effectsView
Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur. No overdose-related problem yet reported. However, in the case of chronic overdosage or misuse, the features of hypercortisolism may appear and in this situation, topical steroids should be discontinued gradually.
StorageView
Store below 25°C temperature. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Aclonac
Aceclofenac
Aclonac
Aceclofenac
Indications
Spondylitis
Indication detailsView
Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
DosageView
Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.
Side effectsView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
ContraindicationsView
Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.
InteractionsView
No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
- Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
- Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
- Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
- Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
StorageView
keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aclopain
Aceclofenac
Aclopain
Aceclofenac
Indications
Spondylitis
Indication detailsView
Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
DosageView
Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.
Side effectsView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
ContraindicationsView
Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.
InteractionsView
No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
- Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
- Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
- Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
- Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
StorageView
keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aclosol
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Aclosol
Clobetasol Propionate (Topical Preparation)
Indications
Vitiligo
Indication detailsView
Clobetasol Propionate is indicated for adults, elderly and children over 1 year in following dermatoses.
- Psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis)
- Recalcitrant dermatoses
- Lichen planus
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Other skin conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids
Therapeutic classView
Other Topical corticosteroids
PharmacologyView
Clobetasol Propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It shows anti-inflammatory activity via multiple mechanisms to inhibit late phase allergic reactions. It decreases the density of mast cells, chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. It also reduces cytokine production and inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
DosageView
Adults, elderly and children over 1 year: Apply a thin layer of Clobetasol Propionate Cream or Ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Repeated short courses of Clobetasol Propionate may be used to control exacerbations. In more resistant lesions, especially where there is hyperkeratosis, the effect of Clobetasol can be enhanced, if necessary, by occluding the treatment area with polythene film. Overnight occlusion only is usually adequate to bring about a satisfactory response. Clobetasol Propionate is super-high potency topical corticosteroids; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks. The maximum weekly dose should not be exceeded 50 gm/week. In case of children, courses should be limited if possible to five days and reviewed weekly.
AdministrationView
Route of administration: Cutaneous. Creams are especially appropriate for moist or weeping surfaces. Ointments are especially appropriate for dry, lichenified or scaly lesions.
Side effectsView
The most reported side effects are burning and stinging sensation. Less frequent adverse reactions are itching, skin atrophy, cracking and fissuring of the skin. Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical Clobetasol Propionate formulations.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation. It should not be used in rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, perianal and genital pruritus, pruritus without inflammation, untreated cutaneous infections.
PrecautionsView
In case of using occlusive dressings, the skin should be cleansed before a fresh dressing is applied. Topical corticosteroids should be used with caution in psoriasis as rebound relapses, and development of local or systemic toxicity due to impaired barrier function of the skin may occur. If used on the face, treatment should be limited to 5 days. When Clobetasol Propionate used on eyelids, care should be taken to avoid the eyes as cataract and glaucoma might result from repeated exposure.
InteractionsView
Co-administered drugs that can inhibit CYP3A4 (eg ritonavir, itraconazole) have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of corticosteroids leading to increased systemic exposure.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are limited data from the use of Clobetasol Propionate cream in pregnant women. Topical administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development. The relevance of this finding to humans has not been established. However, the administration of Clobetasol Propionate Cream during pregnancy and lactation should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risks of treatment.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clobetasol Propionate Cream is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric usageView
In infants and children under 12 years of age, long-term continuous topical corticosteroid therapy should be avoided where possible, as adrenal suppression can occur. Children are more susceptible to the use of topical corticosteroids which develops atrophic changes.
Overdose effectsView
Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur, however, in the case of chronic over-dosage or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may occur and in this situation topical steroid should be discontinued.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.
Aclovix
Aceclofenac
Aclovix
Aceclofenac
Indications
Spondylitis
Indication detailsView
Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
DosageView
Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.
Side effectsView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
ContraindicationsView
Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.
InteractionsView
No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
- Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
- Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
- Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
- Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
StorageView
keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Acme's Basok
Herbal cough syrup [Vasakarista]
Acme's Basok
Herbal cough syrup [Vasakarista]
Indications
Cough
Indication detailsView
This syrup relieves alergic and dry irritable cough. It liquifies phlegm. It is very effective in asthma, smoker’s cough and throat hoarseness.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
This syrup is a justified combination of herbs that is used to treat cough and some other respiratory tract disorders. All of the herbs in this combination are clinically effective in case of cough and cold. It is effective, well tolerated, safe and non-sedating with expectorant and antihistaminic properties. This syrup is effective for both children and adults. It is free from side effects like drowsiness, constipation and dryness of mouth.
- Adhatoda vasica (Vasak): Relieves cough, bronchial spasm and breathlessness. It has also mucolytic and expectorant action.
- Piper longum (Pipul) : It is used in cough, coryza, asthma, hoarseness of voice, bronchitis etc.
- Glycyrrhiza glabra (Jasthi madhu) : It is widely used in fever, cold, cough and catarrh. It has an expectorant and anti-inflammatory action.
- Terminalia chebula (Haritaki): It is used in cough conditions, asthma and itching.
- Ficas infectoria (Kur): It is used in curing cough and bronchial asthma.
- Acorus calamus (Bacha): It is used to treat a cough. It has expectorant properties. Moreover, it is used to treat fever, headache, asthma, bronchitis and tonsillitis.
- Zingiber officinale (Shunthi): Shown to have significant effects in common cold.
- Piper nigrum (Marich) : It has bacteriostatic, fungistatic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Syzygium aromaticum (Labanga) : Useful in cough and other respiratory disorders. It improves the breath and is a remedy for sore throat, headaches and coryza.
- Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Darchini): It has anti- bacterial and anti-fungal activity. It is useful in relieving cough due to its soothing action.
- Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) : It is a tonic, digestive, carminative, uterine stimulant & appetizer agent.
- Rhus succedanea (Kakra sringi): It is an expectorant and soothe the irritability of the respiratory tract. It is known to help in cough, asthma and anorexia.
- Myrica nagi (Katphal) : It is useful in catarrhal fever, cough and in the affections of throat.
- Tulsi extract: Tulsi extract has been added to this syrup. It gives relief from common cold, bronchitis and cough.
DosageView
Children under 12 years: 1-2 teaspoonful (5-10 ml) 3 times a day.
Adult: 3 teaspoonful (15 ml) 2-3 times a day. In acute cough warm water can be added for better result.
Adult: 3 teaspoonful (15 ml) 2-3 times a day. In acute cough warm water can be added for better result.
Side effectsView
Ayurvedic medicine is clinically proven as safe & well tolerated. In the recommended doses, side effects are rare.
ContraindicationsView
There is no evidence available on contraindication but it may happen in-patients who are hypersensitive to any of its ingredients.
InteractionsView
No clinically significant drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The safety of this syrup in pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it should be used with caution during pregnancy, considering benefits to the mother greater than the risks to fetus.
StorageView
Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place protected from light.
Acme's Chyabanprash
Emblic Myrobalan + Aswagandha + Grape
Acme's Chyabanprash
Emblic Myrobalan + Aswagandha + Grape
Indications
Malnutrition
Indication detailsView
- It improves the immunity.
- It a powerful antioxidant.
- It effective in cough, bronchitis, asthma and tuberculosis.
- It effective in malnutrition and degenerative diseases.
- It improves memory.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
DosageView
Adults: 1-2 teaspoonful(s) twice daily.
Children: 1/2 teaspoon twice daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Children: 1/2 teaspoon twice daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Side effectsView
No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.
ContraindicationsView
There is no known contraindication.
PrecautionsView
Keep out of reach of the children.
StorageView
Store at cool and dry place, protect from light.
Acme's DNS
Sodium Chloride + Dextrose
Acme's DNS
Sodium Chloride + Dextrose
Indications
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Indication detailsView
This solution is indicated when there is combined water and sodium depletion. It provides Dextrose as a nutrient in a suitable medium of Sodium Chloride which is isotonic to body fluid, or it may also be employed as a source of isotonic Sodium Chloride or both. It is usually used in the maintenance and replacement of fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate in patients who are unable to take fluid and nutrients by mouth e.g. in case of persistent vomiting, during and after surgery, shock or accidents.
Therapeutic classView
Intravenous fluid preparations, Parenteral nutritional preparations
DosageView
Dose is variable. It depends on the clinical condition, age and body surface area of the patients.
AdministrationView
- Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
- Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
- Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
- Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
- Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
- Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
- Remove the protective cover of the needle.
- Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
- Securely tape the puncture site.
- Securely tape the wings and tubing
- Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
Side effectsView
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
ContraindicationsView
Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
PrecautionsView
As the preparation contains Sodium Chloride, it should be administered with caution to patients with congestive heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function or pre-eclampsia. Serum glucose concentration should also be carefully monitored and concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
Pregnancy & lactationView
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Acme's Dextrose
Dextrose
Acme's Dextrose
Dextrose
Indications
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Indication detailsView
Dextrose is administered in the treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletions. It is mainly used to replace water deficiency and should be given alone when there is no significant loss of electrolytes. Water depletion (dehydration) tends to occur when these losses are not matched by a comparable intake, as for example may occur in coma or dysphagia or in the aged person who may not drink water in sufficient amount on their own initiative. It provides a readily metabolizable nutrient. One litre of 5% solution provides about 170 calories. Glucose solutions are also given in regimens with calcium bicarbonate, and insulin for the emergency management of hyperkalaemia. They are also given, after correction of hyperglycaemia, during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, when they must be accompanied by continuing insulin infusion. Dextrose also may act as a suitable vehicle for the slow intravenous infusion of numerous drugs.
Therapeutic classView
Intravenous fluid preparations
PharmacologyView
Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body. Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.
DosageView
5% dextrose solution: The dose of Dextrose infusion is variable. It is dependent on individual patient requirements. For 5% dextrose solution, the dose frequently ranges from 500 to 1000 ml. The maximum rate of infusion that will not cause glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when the rate is 0.8 g/kg/hr. the maximum rate of glucose utilization is about 800 mg per kg body weight per hour.
25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
AdministrationView
- Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
- Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
- Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
- Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
- Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
- Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
- Remove the protective cover of the needle.
- Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
- Securely tape the puncture site.
- Securely tape the wings and tubing
- Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
Side effectsView
- severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;
- warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;
- fever, ongoing cough;
- high blood sugar, headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;
- low potassium or anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.
ContraindicationsView
Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose. Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
PrecautionsView
Serum glucose concentration should be carefully monitored. Concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Dextrose solution should not be mixed with whole blood as haemolysis and clumping may occur. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reasons during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.
To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.
To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
- diabetes;
- breathing problems;
- an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);
- kidney or liver disease;
- any allergy to foods or medicines; or
- if you receive regular blood transfusions.
Pregnancy & lactationView
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Acme's Dextrose DS
Dextrose
Acme's Dextrose DS
Dextrose
Indications
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Indication detailsView
Dextrose is administered in the treatment of carbohydrate and fluid depletions. It is mainly used to replace water deficiency and should be given alone when there is no significant loss of electrolytes. Water depletion (dehydration) tends to occur when these losses are not matched by a comparable intake, as for example may occur in coma or dysphagia or in the aged person who may not drink water in sufficient amount on their own initiative. It provides a readily metabolizable nutrient. One litre of 5% solution provides about 170 calories. Glucose solutions are also given in regimens with calcium bicarbonate, and insulin for the emergency management of hyperkalaemia. They are also given, after correction of hyperglycaemia, during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, when they must be accompanied by continuing insulin infusion. Dextrose also may act as a suitable vehicle for the slow intravenous infusion of numerous drugs.
Therapeutic classView
Intravenous fluid preparations
PharmacologyView
Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body. Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.
DosageView
5% dextrose solution: The dose of Dextrose infusion is variable. It is dependent on individual patient requirements. For 5% dextrose solution, the dose frequently ranges from 500 to 1000 ml. The maximum rate of infusion that will not cause glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when the rate is 0.8 g/kg/hr. the maximum rate of glucose utilization is about 800 mg per kg body weight per hour.
25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
25% dextrose solution: The volume and rate of infusion of dextrose solution will depend upon the requirements of the individual patient and the judgment of the physician. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hr. The usual recommended flow rate for adult is 10-35 drops per minute infused intravenously. It should not be administered by SC or IM route. 25% dextrose solution should be infused through the largest available peripheral vein.
AdministrationView
- Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use.
- Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurocap.
- Hold lightly the Eurocap but not the bottle body.
- Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the memorane venting region.
- Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurocap and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle.
- Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needletip and close.
- Remove the protective cover of the needle.
- Locate the venpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle.
- Securely tape the puncture site.
- Securely tape the wings and tubing
- Start infusion while adjusting drip speed.
Side effectsView
- severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;
- warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;
- fever, ongoing cough;
- high blood sugar, headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;
- low potassium or anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.
ContraindicationsView
Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose. Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
PrecautionsView
Serum glucose concentration should be carefully monitored. Concurrent use of insulin may be needed in case of diabetic patients. Dextrose solution should not be mixed with whole blood as haemolysis and clumping may occur. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reasons during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.
To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
Take special care with dextrose. Check with your doctor before taking this medicine if: You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.
To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
- diabetes;
- breathing problems;
- an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);
- kidney or liver disease;
- any allergy to foods or medicines; or
- if you receive regular blood transfusions.
Pregnancy & lactationView
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Acme's Hartmann Solution
Hartmann's Solution
Acme's Hartmann Solution
Hartmann's Solution
Indications
Vomiting
Indication detailsView
This is used to treat hypovolemia caused by surgery, hemorrhage and trauma. Excessive sweating, severe diarrhoea or vomiting, excess loss of fluid by nephritic kidneys, inadequate intake of fluid and electrolytes etc. that may lead to typical hypovolemic shock may be corrected with this solution . Severe plasma loss caused by intestinal obstruction, burns or other denuding conditions of the skin may be treated with this solution. It is mainly used as a fluid and electrolyte replenisher. It may be used as an alternative to Sodium Bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis associated with dehydration and to alkalinized urine.
Therapeutic classView
Haemodialysis solutions
DosageView
The volume and rate of infusion will depend upon the requirements of the patients and the judgement of the physician. It usually varies with age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. The recommended flow rate is up to 100-drops/minute/70 kg body weight. In burn patients the dose of Hartmann's solution according to the Parkland formula: 4 ml/kg body weight% of Body surface area (BSA) burn (e.g. for a 30% BSA burn of a person having 60 kg body weight, 4 x 60 x 30 ml = 7200 ml of Hartmann's solution would be required in 24 hours). Half of this within 8 hr, the remainder over 16 hr.
AdministrationView
- Check infusion set and infusion solution prior to use
- Pull moderately to tear off the protective cover of the Eurohead
- Hold lightly the Eurohead but not the bag
- Open the flow regulator fully and hold the giving set on the top white area, but not the membrane venting region
- Insert the spike of the administration set to the Eurohead and fit the connector of the administration set firmly to the needle
- Gradually allow the fluid to flow down to the needle tip and close
- Remove the protective cover of the needle
- Locate the veinpuncture site and clean the site with an antiseptic solution, and then insert the needle
- Securely tape the puncture site
- Securely tape the wings and tubing
- Start infusion while adjusting drip speed
Side effectsView
Hands, ankles and feet may become mildly swollen from fluid retention. Rarely, the lungs can also be affected, which may cause breathing difficulty. Other possible symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and inflammation or swelling of the veins around the site of the injection.
ContraindicationsView
Do not take this medicine and tell your doctor if: Hartmann's solution may be relatively contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus, as one of the isomers of lactate is gluconeogenic.
PrecautionsView
Hartmann's solution should not be administered rapidly or for prolonged periods. Since the solution contains different electrolytes, it should be infused with caution in patients where electrolyte imbalance may cause detrimental effects; e.g. in pregnancy, renal impairment, heart failure, pulmonary congestion, etc. or to patients receiving potassium sparing diuretics. In Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category C. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises for any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles, or after expiry date.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Lactated Ringer’s Irrigation. It is also not known whether it can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. It should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
StorageView
Electrosal should be stored at controlled room temperature.
Acme's Mannitol
Mannitol
Acme's Mannitol
Mannitol
Indications
Elevated intraocular pressure
Indication detailsView
Mannitol is principally used by IV infusion as an osmotic diuretic to preserve renal function in acute renal failure and to reduce raised intracranial and intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also used as an irrigating solution to prevent hemolysis and hemoglobin buildup during transurethral prostatic resection. It is useful in the management of acute drug poisoning where a route of elimination is through kidney. Besides these, it is also used in symptomatic relief of edema, reperfusion injury, termination of pregnancy, and bowel preparation. So, Mannitol is indicated in-
- Renal insufficiency
- Reperfusion injury
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Bladder irrigation
- Raised intraocular pressure
- Bowel preparation
- Edematous status
- As a prophylactic in renal failure
- Management of poisoning
- Termination of Pregnancy
Therapeutic classView
Osmotic diuretics
DosageView
The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated
Renal insufficiency-
Renal insufficiency-
- Adults: 50 to 100 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2 of body surface area administered over a period of 2 to 6 hrs.
- Adults: 1.5 to 2 gm/kg administered over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
- Children: 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m2 of body surface area administered over a period of 30 to 60 mins.
- Adults: 50 to 200 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjust to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2 of body surface area
Side effectsView
The most common side effects associated with Mannitol intravenous infusion is fluid and electrolytes imbalance including circulatory overload and acidosis at high doses. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, fever, tachycardia, chest pain, hyponatraemia, dehydration, blurred vision, urticaria, and hypertension or hypotension.
ContraindicationsView
Mannitol intravenous infusion is contraindicated in patients with pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It is also contraindicated during inadequate urine flow, dehydration or acidosis, intracranial bleeding and in patients with renal failure unless a test dose has produced a diuretic response.
PrecautionsView
Careful monitoring of rate of administration of Mannitol is necessary to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading. The infusion should be discontinued if the patient develops signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure or pulmonary congestion. Mannitol should not be administered with whole blood. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises from any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles or after expiry date.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Safety of Mannitol intravenous infusion in pregnancy has not been established yet. No information is available on the excretion of mannitol in breast milk and should be administered after careful consideration of risk-benefit ratio.
StorageView
Mannitol should be stored at a temperature of 20° to 30°. Exposure to lower temperatures may cause deposition of crystals, which should be dissolved by warming the bottle in hot water for about 30 minutes. Cool to body temperature before using. If all crystals can not be dissolved, the solution should not be used. The content of open containers should be used promptly. Unused contents should be discarded.
Acme's Milk of Magnesia
Magnesium Hydroxide
Acme's Milk of Magnesia
Magnesium Hydroxide
Indications
Osmotic laxative
Indication detailsView
Magnesium Hydroxide suspension is used in constipation, heart burn, gas and nausea. It is also indicated in acute and long acting constipation due to hyper acidity and peptic ulcer or stomatitis.
Therapeutic classView
Antacid with laxative action
PharmacologyView
Magnesium Hydroxide is popularly known as Milk of Magnesia. It is a mildly acting antacid and laxative. It is poorly and slowly absorbed and acts by its osmotic properties in the luminal fluid which causes retention of fluid in the bowel. It is useful for emptying the bowel prior to surgical, radiological and colonoscopic procedures and can help to eliminate parasites following appropriate therapy and toxic material in some cases of poisoning. Magnesium Hydroxide is converted into Magnesium Chloride in the stomach without forming carbon dioxide
DosageView
As Laxative:
- Adults: 2-4 Tablespoonful with a full glass of water.
- Children: 6-11 years: 1-2 Tablespoonful with a full glass of water. 2-5 years: 1-3 Teaspoonful with a full glass of water.
- Adults: 1-3 teaspoonful (5 to 15 ml) up to 4 times daily with water.
- Children: 1-3 years: ¼ teaspoonful. 3-6 years: ¼-½ teaspoonful. 6-12 years: ½-1 teaspoonful
Side effectsView
Magnesium Hydroxide in common with other magnesium salts may cause diarrhoea.
ContraindicationsView
Magnesium Hydroxide should not be administered where use of laxative is contraindicated. Long term treatment of Magnesium Hydroxide is contraindicated in patients with renal failure.
PrecautionsView
The drug should be avoided if possible in patients with renal and hepatic failure and in those with heart block and myocardial disease. The drug may be used cautiously in pregnancy.
InteractionsView
Magnesium hydroxide can decrease the absorption of other drugs such as, digoxin, mycophenolate, phosphate supplements (e.g., potassium phosphate), tetracycline antibiotics, certain azole antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), and quinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin).
StorageView
Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
Acme's ORS
Oral Rehydration Salt [Powder]
Acme's ORS
Oral Rehydration Salt [Powder]
Indication detailsView
Oral Rehydration Salt replacement of fluid and electrolyte loss due to-
- Acute diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Dehydration
Therapeutic classView
Oral electrolytes preparations
PharmacologyView
This is the preparation of oral rehydration salt. It is composed of anhydrous glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium citrate (as dihydrate). This is a single formulation of glucose based oral rehydration salt to treat or prevent dehydration from diarrhea of any etiology, including cholera and in individuals of any age. This also prevents acidosis due to electrolyte imbalance.
DosageView
Daily dose should be equivalent to patients' fluid requirement for maintenance and replenishment of losses. During this therapy, mother should not stop breastfeeding to their child and normal food should be continued in case of adults.
Children less than 2 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 50-100 mL (10 to 20 teaspoonful) of prepared this.
Children 2 to 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 100-200 mL (1/2 to 1 glass) of prepared oral saline.
Adult and children above 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 200-400 mL (1 to 2 glass) of prepared this.
Children less than 2 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 50-100 mL (10 to 20 teaspoonful) of prepared this.
Children 2 to 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 100-200 mL (1/2 to 1 glass) of prepared oral saline.
Adult and children above 10 years: After each loose stool or vomiting 200-400 mL (1 to 2 glass) of prepared this.
AdministrationView
- Disperse the full contents of the sachet in 500 mL (1/2 liter) of pure drinking water.
- Do not mix the oral saline with hot water or heat the prepared solution.
- Discard the unused prepared oral saline after 12 hours of preparation.
PrecautionsView
Depressed renal function, severe continuing diarrhea or other critical fluid losses may need supplementation with parenteral fluids along with oral saline.
InteractionsView
There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C temperature. Keep away from light and wet places. Keep out of reach of children.
Acme's Spirulina
Spirulina
Acme's Spirulina
Spirulina
Indications
Runny nose
Indication detailsView
Spirulina is used for the treatment and prevention of malnutrition, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, hyperglycemia, anemia, allergic rhinitis and to enhance immunity. Spirulina helps to maintain healthy eyes and skin.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Spirulina has such positive TTutritionafcontent that it is called the world's richest whole-food which can be found naturally. It is very high in protein with low calorie content (only coming in at 2.9 calories per gram) using this as a supplement for protein specifically this is less than % the amount of calories in protein per gram, Spirulina is the highest source of B-12, essential for healthy nerves and tissue, especially for vegetarians. Due to large amount of iron in spirulina, it helps to promote the creation of new red blood cells too. Not only does spirulina contain high protein content within it, but it also has nutrients in it which increase the body's ability to absorb protein, This means that it even makes any other protein being consumed by the person more effective than if they had just consumed the protein alone. ln this way, spirulina may even be a better source of protein than most meal. Spirulina contains a concentration of very single amino acid as well. These are amino acids that the body cannot survive without, but we cannot produce ourselves which means we have to get them through other dietary means. Spirulina contains approximately 100 nutrients and minerals. Furthermore it has fatty acids that help reduce bad cholesterol in our body and antioxidants that help strengthen our immune system, fight free radicals and slow down the aging process. It is recommended to people whose intake of nutritious food is anadequate.
How does it work-
How does it work-
- About 60% of spirulina dry weight is protein which is essential for growth and cell regeneration. Besides this it had sufficient vitamins and minerals within, With its high digestibility, spirulina has proven to fight malnutrition in impoverished communities by helping the body absorb nutrients when it has lost its ability to absorb normal forms of food.
- Every 10 grams of spirulina can supply up to 70% of the minimum daily requirements for iron. Being rich in iron, magnesium and trace minerals spirulina is easier to absorb than iron supplements to fight anemia effectively.
- Spirulina is rich in gamma-linolenic acid or GLA, a compound found in breast milk that helps develop healthier babies.
- Another health benefit of spirulina is that it stimulates beneficial flora like lactobacillus and bifidobacterial in our digestive tract to promote healthy digestion and proper bowel function. It acts as a natural cleanser by eliminating mercury and other deadly toxins commonly ingested by the body.
DosageView
2 to 4 capsules daily or as advised by the physician.
Side effectsView
Spirulina is generally well tolerated. Occasional diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea have been reported. Also there are few reports of allergic reactions to spirulina containing supplements.
ContraindicationsView
Spirulina is contraindicated in those who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
PrecautionsView
Before taking spirulina pregnant or breast-feeding women should talk to the physician.
InteractionsView
There are no reports suggesting that spirulina interacts with any conventional medication.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Before taking spirulina pregnant or breast-feeding women should talk to the physician.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place. Keep away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of the children.
Acmecilin
Ampicillin Sodium
Acmecilin
Ampicillin Sodium
Indication detailsView
Ampicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organism listed below:
- Infections of the Genitourinary Tract Including Gonorrhea: E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, and nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae.
- Infections of the Respiratory Tract: Nonpenicillinase-producing H. influenzae and staphylococci, and streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and enterococci.
- Meningitis: O. Meningitides.
PharmacologyView
Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.
DosageView
Intra-articular:
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Meningitis-
Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Endocarditis, Gastroenteritis, Listeriosis, Otitis media, Perinatal streptococcal infections, Peritonitis-
Susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage
Meningitis-
- Adult: 2 gm 6 hrly.
- Child: 150 mg/kg daily in divided doses.
- Adult: Initially, 2 gm via IV inj followed by 1 gm 4 hrly until delivery.
Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Endocarditis, Gastroenteritis, Listeriosis, Otitis media, Perinatal streptococcal infections, Peritonitis-
- Adult: 0.25-1 gm 6 hrly.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
- Adult: 1-2 gm 6 hrly for 2 wk in acute infections, and 4-12 wk in carriers.
- Adult: 2 gm with 1 gm of probenecid as single dose, recommended to be repeated in female patients.
- Adult: 500 mg 8 hrly.
Susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg 6 hrly, via IM or slow IV inj over 3-5 min or by infusion.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
- Adult: 150-200 mg/kg daily. Initiate with IV admin for at least 3 days, then continue with IM inj 3-4 hrly. Continue treatment for at least 48-72 hr after the patient has become asymptomatic or when there is evidence of bacterial eradication. Recommended treatment duration for infections caused by group-A β-haemolytic streptococci: At least 10-days, to prevent occurrence of acute rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis.
- Child: Same as adult dose.
AdministrationView
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
Side effectsView
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, erythematous maculo-papular rashes, sore mouth, black/hairy tongue, rash, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, fever, joint pains, serum sickness-like symptoms, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, neutropenia, coagulation disorders, prolonged bleeding time and prothrombin time, CNS toxicity (e.g. convulsions); paraesthesia, nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, moderate and transient increase in transaminases, Anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD).
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to ampicillin and other penicillins.
PrecautionsView
Patient with history of β-lactam allergy. During renal impairment, Pregnancy and lactation.
InteractionsView
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. May alter INR while on warfarin and phenindione. May reduce the efficacy of oral typhoid vaccines. May reduce the excretion of methotrexate. Reduced excretion with probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, resulting to increased risk of toxicity. Allopurinol increases ampicillin-induced skin reactions. Reduced absorption with chloroquine. Bacteriostatic antibacterials (e.g. erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) may interfere with the bactericidal action of ampicillin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: CrCl<10: Dose reduction or increase in dose interval.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.
ReconstitutionView
Intramuscular: Add 1.5 mL water for inj to 500 mg vial contents.
Intravenous: Dissolve 500 mg in 10 mL water for inj. May be added to infusion fluids or injected, suitably diluted into the drip tube.
Intra-articular: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 5 mL of water for inj or sterile procaine HCl 0.5% soln.
Intraperitoneal: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 10 mL water for inj.
Intrapleural: Dissolve 500 mg in 5-10 mL water for inj.
Intravenous: Dissolve 500 mg in 10 mL water for inj. May be added to infusion fluids or injected, suitably diluted into the drip tube.
Intra-articular: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 5 mL of water for inj or sterile procaine HCl 0.5% soln.
Intraperitoneal: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 10 mL water for inj.
Intrapleural: Dissolve 500 mg in 5-10 mL water for inj.
StorageView
Store between 20-25° C. Reconstituted oral susp: Store between 2-8° C (discard after 14 days).
Acmecilin
Ampicillin Sodium
Acmecilin
Ampicillin Sodium
Indication detailsView
Ampicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organism listed below:
- Infections of the Genitourinary Tract Including Gonorrhea: E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, and nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae.
- Infections of the Respiratory Tract: Nonpenicillinase-producing H. influenzae and staphylococci, and streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and enterococci.
- Meningitis: O. Meningitides.
PharmacologyView
Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.
DosageView
Intra-articular:
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
Meningitis-
Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Endocarditis, Gastroenteritis, Listeriosis, Otitis media, Perinatal streptococcal infections, Peritonitis-
Susceptible infections-
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
Supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg daily.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage
Meningitis-
- Adult: 2 gm 6 hrly.
- Child: 150 mg/kg daily in divided doses.
- Adult: Initially, 2 gm via IV inj followed by 1 gm 4 hrly until delivery.
Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Endocarditis, Gastroenteritis, Listeriosis, Otitis media, Perinatal streptococcal infections, Peritonitis-
- Adult: 0.25-1 gm 6 hrly.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
- Adult: 1-2 gm 6 hrly for 2 wk in acute infections, and 4-12 wk in carriers.
- Adult: 2 gm with 1 gm of probenecid as single dose, recommended to be repeated in female patients.
- Adult: 500 mg 8 hrly.
Susceptible infections-
- Adult: 500 mg 6 hrly, via IM or slow IV inj over 3-5 min or by infusion.
- Child: <10 yr Half of adult routine dosage.
- Adult: 150-200 mg/kg daily. Initiate with IV admin for at least 3 days, then continue with IM inj 3-4 hrly. Continue treatment for at least 48-72 hr after the patient has become asymptomatic or when there is evidence of bacterial eradication. Recommended treatment duration for infections caused by group-A β-haemolytic streptococci: At least 10-days, to prevent occurrence of acute rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis.
- Child: Same as adult dose.
AdministrationView
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
Side effectsView
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, erythematous maculo-papular rashes, sore mouth, black/hairy tongue, rash, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, fever, joint pains, serum sickness-like symptoms, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, neutropenia, coagulation disorders, prolonged bleeding time and prothrombin time, CNS toxicity (e.g. convulsions); paraesthesia, nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, moderate and transient increase in transaminases, Anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD).
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to ampicillin and other penicillins.
PrecautionsView
Patient with history of β-lactam allergy. During renal impairment, Pregnancy and lactation.
InteractionsView
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. May alter INR while on warfarin and phenindione. May reduce the efficacy of oral typhoid vaccines. May reduce the excretion of methotrexate. Reduced excretion with probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, resulting to increased risk of toxicity. Allopurinol increases ampicillin-induced skin reactions. Reduced absorption with chloroquine. Bacteriostatic antibacterials (e.g. erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) may interfere with the bactericidal action of ampicillin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category B. Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
Pediatric usageView
Renal Impairment: CrCl<10: Dose reduction or increase in dose interval.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.
ReconstitutionView
Intramuscular: Add 1.5 mL water for inj to 500 mg vial contents.
Intravenous: Dissolve 500 mg in 10 mL water for inj. May be added to infusion fluids or injected, suitably diluted into the drip tube.
Intra-articular: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 5 mL of water for inj or sterile procaine HCl 0.5% soln.
Intraperitoneal: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 10 mL water for inj.
Intrapleural: Dissolve 500 mg in 5-10 mL water for inj.
Intravenous: Dissolve 500 mg in 10 mL water for inj. May be added to infusion fluids or injected, suitably diluted into the drip tube.
Intra-articular: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 5 mL of water for inj or sterile procaine HCl 0.5% soln.
Intraperitoneal: Dissolve 500 mg in up to 10 mL water for inj.
Intrapleural: Dissolve 500 mg in 5-10 mL water for inj.
StorageView
Store between 20-25° C. Reconstituted oral susp: Store between 2-8° C (discard after 14 days).