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Biocox
Etoricoxib
Biocox
Etoricoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis
Indication detailsView
Etoricoxib is indicated for the symptomatic relief of-
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Ankylosing spondylitis, and
- The pain and signs of inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.
- For the short-term treatment of moderate pain associated with dental surgery.
Therapeutic classView
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Etoricoxib is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitor within, and significantly above, the clinical dose range. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been identified: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-1 is responsible for prostaglandin-mediated normal physiologic functions such as gastric cytoprotection and platelet aggregation. Inhibition of COX-1 by nonselective NSAIDs has been associated with gastric damage and inhibition of platelet aggregation. COX-2 has been shown to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by etoricoxib (within the clinical dose range) decreases these clinical signs and symptoms with decreased potential for Gl toxicity and effects on platelet aggregation. Etoricoxib produced dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 without inhibition of COX-1 at doses up to 150 mg daily. Etoricoxib did not inhibit gastric prostaglandin synthesis.
DosageView
Adult and adolescent over 16 years:
- Osteoarthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily. In some patients with insufficient relief from symptoms, an increased dose of 60 mg once daily may increase efficacy.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Ankylosing spondylitis: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily.
- Acute gouty arthritis: The recommended dose is 120 mg once daily. In clinical trials for acute gouty arthritis, Etoricoxib was given for 8 days.
- Postoperative dental surgery pain: The recommended dose is 90 mg once daily, limited to a maximum of 3 days.
Side effectsView
Side-effects may include palpitation, fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, ecchymosis; less commonly dry mouth, taste disturbance, mouth ulcer, appetite and weight change, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attack, chest pain, flushing, cough, dyspnoea, epistaxis, anxiety, mental acuity impaired, paraesthesia, electrolyte disturbance, myalgia and arthralgia; very rarely confusion and hallucinations.
ContraindicationsView
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
- Active peptic ulceration or active gastro-intestinai (Gl) bleeding.
- Patients who have experienced bronchospasm, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs including COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/l or Child-Pugh score 10).
- Estimated renal creatinine clearance <30 ml/min.
- Children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
- Inflammatory bowel disease.
- Congestive heart failure (NYHA ll-IV).
- Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is persistently elevated above 140/90 mmHg and has not been adequately controlled.
- Established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease.
PrecautionsView
- Caution is advised with treatment of patients most at risk of developing a gastrointestinal complication with NSAIDs; the elderly, patients using any other NSAID or acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly or patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal disease, such as ulceration and Gl bleeding.
- Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with Etoricoxib after careful consideration.
- Administration of Etoricoxib may cause a reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, and thereby impair renal function. Monitoring of renal function in such patients should be considered.
- Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypertension and in patients with pre-existing edema from any other reason.
- Any patients with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormalliver function test has occurred, should be monitored. If signs of hepatic insufficiency occur, or if persistently abnormal liver function tests (three times the upper limit of normal) are detected, Etoricoxib should be discontinued.
- Etoricoxib should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
- Etoricoxib may mask fever and other signs of inflammation. Caution should be exercised when co-administering Etoricoxib with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.
InteractionsView
With medicine:
- Oral anticoagulants: In subjects stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy, the administration of Etoricoxib was associated with an increase in prothrombin time.
- Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Antagonists: NSAIDs may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs.
- Acetylsalicylic Acid: Etoricoxib can be used concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid at doses used for cardiovascular prophylaxis (low-dose acetylsalicylic acid).
- Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Although this interaction has not been studied with Etoricoxib, coadministration of ciclosporin or tacrolimus with any NSAID may increase the nephrotoxic effect of ciclosporin or tacrolimus.
- Lithium: NSAIDs decrease lithium renal excretion and therefore increase lithium plasma levels.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Etoricoxib, as with any drug substance known to inhibit COX-2, is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. It is not known whether Etoricoxib is excreted in human milk. Etoricoxib is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Women who use Etoricoxib must not breastfeed.
Overdose effectsView
Administration of single doses of Etoricoxib up to 500 mg and multiple doses up to 150 mg/day for 21 days did not result in significant toxicity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the Gl tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
StorageView
Store at a temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Bioderm
Neomycin Sulfate + Bacitracin Zinc
Bioderm
Neomycin Sulfate + Bacitracin Zinc
Indications
Superficial skin infections
Indication detailsView
This is indicated in the treatment of topical bacterial infections. This is particularly effective in atopic, contact stasis and infections, eczematoid dermatitis, neurodermatitis, eczema, anogenital pruritus. It may also be useful as an adjunct in certain pyodermas, such as impetigo, during specific systemic antibiotic therapy for these infections.
Therapeutic classView
Ophthalmic and Topical antibacterial products
PharmacologyView
Bacitracin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and is active against many gram-positive bacteria (e.g. staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria and Clostridia) and some gram-negative species (e.g. Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae). They are often found in combinations in topical preparations as broad spectrum antibacterial agents.
Neomycin, an aminoglyoside with antimicrobial spectrum similar to gentamicin, binds to the 30S subunits of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and thereby disrupting DNA synthesis. It is active against many gram negative aerobes and against some strains of staphylococci.
Neomycin, an aminoglyoside with antimicrobial spectrum similar to gentamicin, binds to the 30S subunits of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and thereby disrupting DNA synthesis. It is active against many gram negative aerobes and against some strains of staphylococci.
DosageView
Ointment: Before use, the area for application should be cleaned gently. Derbis such as pus or crusts should be removed from the affected area. Apply two to three times daily to the affected skin area.
Dusting Powder: Antibiotic powder is a non- sterile dusting powder and used for superficial skin infections. A light dusting of the powder to be applied to the affected skin area upto 4 times daily.
Dusting Powder: Antibiotic powder is a non- sterile dusting powder and used for superficial skin infections. A light dusting of the powder to be applied to the affected skin area upto 4 times daily.
Side effectsView
This preparation is usually well tolerated. In rare cases, allergic reactions may be occurred.
ContraindicationsView
Hypersensitivity to any of its components.
PrecautionsView
Bacitracin & Neomycin antibiotic powder should not be used to large open wounds or to severely injured skin or on areas that exude large volumes of fluid as hard crusts may form. Since this skin ointment contains Neomycin, it should not be used for the treatment of otitis external when the eardrum is perforated because of risk of ototoxicity.
Patients considering self-medication with a topical anti-infective for deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns should be advised to first consult a physician. Patients using the preparations for the prevention of infection in minor skin injuries (e.g., cuts, scrapes, burns) should be advised to discontinue the topical anti-infective preparation and consult a physician if the condition persists or worsens; it should not be used for longer than 1 week unless directed by a physician.
Patients considering self-medication with a topical anti-infective for deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns should be advised to first consult a physician. Patients using the preparations for the prevention of infection in minor skin injuries (e.g., cuts, scrapes, burns) should be advised to discontinue the topical anti-infective preparation and consult a physician if the condition persists or worsens; it should not be used for longer than 1 week unless directed by a physician.
InteractionsView
Bacitracin Zinc: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when used with other nephrotoxic drugs. May enhance the action of neuromuscular-blocking agents.
Neomycin Sulphate: Additive nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effect with other aminoglycosides, bacitracin, cisplatin, vancomycin, amphotericin B, polymyxin B, colistin and viomycin. Enhanced toxicity with potent diuretics. May impair the absorption of other drugs. May enhance the effect of acarbose. May enhance the effect of non-depolarising muscle relaxants. May antagonise the parasympathomimetic effect of neostigmine and pyridostigmine. May increase the risk of hypocalcaemia in patients receiving bisphosphonates. May alter INR when givenwithanticoagulants. May inactivate oral typhoid vaccine.
Neomycin Sulphate: Additive nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effect with other aminoglycosides, bacitracin, cisplatin, vancomycin, amphotericin B, polymyxin B, colistin and viomycin. Enhanced toxicity with potent diuretics. May impair the absorption of other drugs. May enhance the effect of acarbose. May enhance the effect of non-depolarising muscle relaxants. May antagonise the parasympathomimetic effect of neostigmine and pyridostigmine. May increase the risk of hypocalcaemia in patients receiving bisphosphonates. May alter INR when givenwithanticoagulants. May inactivate oral typhoid vaccine.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The safe use of this preparation during pregnancy & lactation has not been established. Therefore it should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
Children and Infants: This ointment is suitable for use in children at the same dose as adults, but the dose should be reduced in infants. This ointment is not recommended for use in neonates.
StorageView
Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
Biofavi
Favipiravir
Biofavi
Favipiravir
Indications
Influenza
Indication detailsView
Treatment of novel or re-emerging pandemic influenza virus infections (limited to cases in which other influenza antiviral drugs are ineffective or not sufficiently effective).
Therapeutic classView
Anti-viral drugs
PharmacologyView
Favipiravir is a new antiviral drug against influenza. It is metabolized into favipiravir ribosyl triphosphate (favipiravir RTP) by an intracellular enzyme, and favipiravir RTP selectively inhibits RNA polymerase (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) of the influenza virus, preventing replication of the influenza virus. It is a drug with a mechanism of action different from that of the existing influenza antiviral drugs and effective against all types and sub-types of human influenza A, B, and C viruses in vitro, showing a wide range of anti-viral activity against various influenza virus strains including avian and swine viruses.
DosageView
The usual adult dosage is 1600 mg of Favipiravir administered orally twice daily on Day 1, followed by 600 mg orally twice daily from Day 2 to Day 5 or as directed by physicians. The total treatment duration should be 5 days.
Side effectsView
Most common side effects are Diarrhea and increase of blood uric acid levels.
ContraindicationsView
Favipiravir is contraindicated for pregnant women and women who may possibly be pregnant.
PrecautionsView
Favipiravir should not be given in pregnant women, requirement of the confirmation of non-pregnancy in women of childbearing potential before use, thorough contraception measures from the start of the treatment to 7 days after the end of the treatment. Caution should be taken for Hepatic and renal impaired patient or use Favipiravir as per the direction of registered Physician
InteractionsView
In animal studies, decreased RBC production,and increases in liver function parameters such as AST, ALP, ALT and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes. Toxicity information regarding Favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Favipiravir may cause delayed development or death of embryos during the early stage of pregnancy. Should not be given during pregnancy.
Pediatric usageView
This drug is only approved as an experimental drug and still a lot of studies is needed about it’s efficacy and also toxic reactions and use in children.
Overdose effectsView
In animal studies, decreased RBC production,and increases in liver function parameters such as AST, ALP, ALT and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes. Toxicity information regarding Favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
StorageView
Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biofenac
Aceclofenac
Biofenac
Aceclofenac
Indications
Spondylitis
Indication detailsView
Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
DosageView
Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.
Side effectsView
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.
ContraindicationsView
Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.
PrecautionsView
Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.
InteractionsView
No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:
- Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
- Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
- Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
- Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.
Pregnancy & lactationView
The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
Pediatric usageView
There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.
StorageView
keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biofez
Carbonyl Iron + Folic Acid + Zinc Sulfate
Biofez
Carbonyl Iron + Folic Acid + Zinc Sulfate
Indications
Pregnancy
Indication detailsView
It is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of Iron, Folic Acid and Zinc deficiency especially during pregnancy and lactation.
Therapeutic classView
Iron, Vitamin & Mineral Combined preparation
PharmacologyView
This timed-release capsule is the combined preparation of Carbonyl Iron, Folic Acid and Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate. It contains Carbonyl Iron with not less than 98% Iron content. Carbinyl Iron, having high bioavailability and low toxicity is safer and more effective choice for iron supplementation.
DosageView
Adult: One Capsule daily before food or as directed by the physician.
Side effectsView
Gastrointestinal irritations such as nausea, anorexia, vomiting, discomfort, constipation and diarrhoea may occur. Patients may complain of dark stool. Carbonyl Iron pellets incorporated into the capsules to reduce the possibility of gastrointestinal irritations. Rarely there may be allergic reactions.
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its component or those with Iron overload.
PrecautionsView
Special care should be taken in patients with Iron overload states, such as haemochromatosis, haemolytic anaemia or red blood cell aplasia. Failure to response to the treatment requires further investigations to exclude other causes of anaemia. In patients with renal failure there may be the risk of Zinc accumulation.
InteractionsView
Carbonyl Iron decreases the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, levodopa, levothyroxine, methyldopa and penecillamine. Folic Acid interacts with antiepileptics, so plasma concentrations of phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone are possibly reduced.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Use of any drug during first trimester of pregnancy should be avoided if possible. Thus administration of Iron during the first trimester requires definite evidence of Iron deficiency. Prophylaxis of Iron deficiency where inadequate diet calls for supplementary Zinc and Folic acid is justified during the remainder of pregnancy.
Overdose effectsView
Symptoms of Carbonyl Iron include decreased energy, nausea, abdominal pain, tarry stool, weak, rapid pulse, fever, coma, seizures.
StorageView
Store below 30°C. and keep away from light and moisture. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
Biofol
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Biofol
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Indications
Methotrexate toxicity
Indication detailsView
Calcium Folinate is indicated in:
- To diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of impaired Methotrexate elimination.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, as in sprue, nutritional deficiency.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and infancy.
Therapeutic classView
Supportive Care Therapy
PharmacologyView
Calcium Folinate is a Calcium salt of Folinic acid (citrovorum factor), is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of Tetrahydrofolic acid. It is a metabolite of Folic acid and an essential co-enzyme for nucleic acid synthesis used in cytotoxic therapy.
DosageView
Oral-
- Reduction of harmful effects of folic acid antagonists: The dose is usually one 5-15 mg tablet every 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
- Megaloblastic anemia: In the treatment of Megaloblastic anemia, the dose is one 5-15 mg tablet daily.
- Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Folinic Acid is administered at 200 mg/m2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 370 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Or 20 mg/m 2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 425 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Treatment is repeated daily for 5 days. This 5 day treatment course may be repeated at 4 weeks interval, for 2 courses and then may repeated at 4-5 weekly intervals if the patient has recovered completely from the toxic effects of the prior treatment course.
- Folinic acid rescue after high dose Methotrexate Therapy: Calcium Folinate starts 24 hours after the beginning of the methotrexate infusion at dose of 15mg (10 mg/m2 ) every 6 hours for 10 doses.
- Folate deficient megaloboastic anaemia: Up to 1 mg/day. Or, as directed by the registered physician.
Side effectsView
- Allergic reaction: one may experience a sudden itchy rash (hives), swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth or throat (which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing).
- Fits and fainting.
ContraindicationsView
Calcium Folinate therapy is contraindicated for the following:
- Known hypersensitivity to Calcium Folinate, or to any components of the product formulation.
- Pernicious anemia or other Megaloblastic anemia where Vitamin B12 is deficient.
PrecautionsView
Calcium Folinate treatment may mask pernicious anemia and other Megaloblastic anemia resulting from Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Calcium Folinate is administered to a nursing mother.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reported sequelae in patients who have received significantly more Calcium Folinate than the recommended dosage. However, excessive amounts of Calcium Folinate may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of folic acid antagonists.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Biofol
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Biofol
Calcium Folinate [Folinic Acid]
Indications
Methotrexate toxicity
Indication detailsView
Calcium Folinate is indicated in:
- To diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of impaired Methotrexate elimination.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, as in sprue, nutritional deficiency.
- To treat the Megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and infancy.
Therapeutic classView
Supportive Care Therapy
PharmacologyView
Calcium Folinate is a Calcium salt of Folinic acid (citrovorum factor), is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of Tetrahydrofolic acid. It is a metabolite of Folic acid and an essential co-enzyme for nucleic acid synthesis used in cytotoxic therapy.
DosageView
Oral-
- Reduction of harmful effects of folic acid antagonists: The dose is usually one 5-15 mg tablet every 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
- Megaloblastic anemia: In the treatment of Megaloblastic anemia, the dose is one 5-15 mg tablet daily.
- Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Folinic Acid is administered at 200 mg/m2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 370 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Or 20 mg/m 2 by slow intravenous injection followed by 5-fluorouracil at 425 mg/m2 by intravenous injection. Treatment is repeated daily for 5 days. This 5 day treatment course may be repeated at 4 weeks interval, for 2 courses and then may repeated at 4-5 weekly intervals if the patient has recovered completely from the toxic effects of the prior treatment course.
- Folinic acid rescue after high dose Methotrexate Therapy: Calcium Folinate starts 24 hours after the beginning of the methotrexate infusion at dose of 15mg (10 mg/m2 ) every 6 hours for 10 doses.
- Folate deficient megaloboastic anaemia: Up to 1 mg/day. Or, as directed by the registered physician.
Side effectsView
- Allergic reaction: one may experience a sudden itchy rash (hives), swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth or throat (which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing).
- Fits and fainting.
ContraindicationsView
Calcium Folinate therapy is contraindicated for the following:
- Known hypersensitivity to Calcium Folinate, or to any components of the product formulation.
- Pernicious anemia or other Megaloblastic anemia where Vitamin B12 is deficient.
PrecautionsView
Calcium Folinate treatment may mask pernicious anemia and other Megaloblastic anemia resulting from Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Calcium Folinate should only be used with 5-fluorouracil or Methotrexate under the direct supervision of a clinician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Many cytotoxic medicinal products- direct or indirect DNA synthesis inhibitors- lead to macrocytosis (hydroxycarbamide, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine). Such macrocytosis should not be treated with Folinic acid.
In epileptic patients treated with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, and Succinimides, there is a risk to increase the frequency of seizures due to a decrease of plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drug.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Calcium Folinate is administered to a nursing mother.
Overdose effectsView
There have been no reported sequelae in patients who have received significantly more Calcium Folinate than the recommended dosage. However, excessive amounts of Calcium Folinate may nullify the chemotherapeutic effect of folic acid antagonists.
StorageView
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
Biogen
Collagen II & GAGs
Biogen
Collagen II & GAGs
Indications
Relieve pain
Indication detailsView
Collagen II & GAGs helps to
- Maintain stronger bones
- Relieve joint pain and discomfort
- Maintain proper movements of joints
- Maintain proper health of cartilages
- Regain healthier tone of skin
- Boost up energy level for the elderly person
- Relieve constipation, increase elasticity of blood vessels and prevent various cardiovascular diseases.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Collagen is a primary structural protein which forms cartilages, bones, tendons, ligaments, skin and other connective tissues of the body. Body’s collagen production is reduced due to aging which causes joints pain, degenerative bone diseases, wrinkles and brittle hair. Collagen II is the main ingredient of joint cartilage and it is around 90% of total protein. Collagen II & GAGs Tablet contains the collagen II which is collected from natural sources. It can prevent and helps to repair the degeneration and assists in treatments of bones and joints diseases, including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Collagen II & GAGs Tablet helps to maintain optimum health of skin and hair.
DosageView
1-2 Tablets 2-3 times daily with luke warm water. Taking Collagen II & GAGs Tablet for 1 month helps to relieve pain associated with osteoporosis of elderly people. After 3 months, the density and elasticity of bones can be improved to a satisfactory level. For arthritic patients, after using this Tablet for 2 months, joint pain is expected to improve significantly. Administrations of this Tablet for 6-12 months, the deteriorated joints are usually restored to almost normal condition in many patients so they can move easily.
Side effectsView
This tablet is an organic nutritional supplement with no adverse effects.
InteractionsView
No drug interaction is yet reported.
StorageView
Keep in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight
Bioglo
Biotin
Bioglo
Biotin
Indications
Hair loss
Indication detailsView
Biotin is indicated in-
- Hair loss
- Weak, brittle, splitting or soft nails
- Eczema & dermatitis.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Biotin is an essential vitamin that is also known as vitamin H. It is involved in vital physiological function like fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis. It acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic carboxylation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Biotin influences the growth and differentiation of epidermal cells and is therefore important for the formation and renewal of the skin, hair and nails. It functions as a coenzyme for mitochondrial carboxylases in hair roots and improves the keratin structure. Biotin deficiency may result in hair loss and a variety of systemic symptoms such as dermatitis, and aciduria. Biotin is one of the most prescribed nutritional supplements for any kind of hair loss.
DosageView
Biotin dose varies depending on disease condition and age group.
In adults: Generally 1-3 tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
In children: biotin deficiency affects between 1 week and 2 years of age and usually exhibits seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, hyperventilation, and coma. In this case, 5-10 tablets daily, crushed and mixed with water or any kind of fruit juice or as advised by the physician.
Recommended dietary allowance:
Infants-
Lactation: 35 mcg/day
In adults: Generally 1-3 tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
In children: biotin deficiency affects between 1 week and 2 years of age and usually exhibits seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, hyperventilation, and coma. In this case, 5-10 tablets daily, crushed and mixed with water or any kind of fruit juice or as advised by the physician.
Recommended dietary allowance:
Infants-
- 0-6 months: 5 mcg/day
- 7-12 months: 6 mcg/day
- 1-3 years: 8 mcg/day
- 4-8 years: 12 mcg/day
- 9-13 years: 20 mcg/day
- 14-18 years: 25 mcg/day
- ≥19 years: 30 mcg/day
Pregnancy: 30 mcg/day
Lactation: 35 mcg/day
Side effectsView
Well tolerated in the recommended dose. No biotin toxicity has been reported in individuals supplemented with as much as 200 mg orally or 20mg intravenously per day.
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
InteractionsView
There are indications that anticonvulsant drugs lower the plasma level of biotin. Antibiotic use may decrease the biotin contribution to the body made by the microflora of the large intestine. Excessive consumption of raw egg whites interferes with biotin absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Sufficient clinical data is not available to use in pregnant women and lactating mother.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Bioglo
Biotin
Bioglo
Biotin
Indications
Hair loss
Indication detailsView
Biotin is indicated in-
- Hair loss
- Weak, brittle, splitting or soft nails
- Eczema & dermatitis.
Therapeutic classView
Herbal and Nutraceuticals
PharmacologyView
Biotin is an essential vitamin that is also known as vitamin H. It is involved in vital physiological function like fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis. It acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic carboxylation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Biotin influences the growth and differentiation of epidermal cells and is therefore important for the formation and renewal of the skin, hair and nails. It functions as a coenzyme for mitochondrial carboxylases in hair roots and improves the keratin structure. Biotin deficiency may result in hair loss and a variety of systemic symptoms such as dermatitis, and aciduria. Biotin is one of the most prescribed nutritional supplements for any kind of hair loss.
DosageView
Biotin dose varies depending on disease condition and age group.
In adults: Generally 1-3 tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
In children: biotin deficiency affects between 1 week and 2 years of age and usually exhibits seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, hyperventilation, and coma. In this case, 5-10 tablets daily, crushed and mixed with water or any kind of fruit juice or as advised by the physician.
Recommended dietary allowance:
Infants-
Lactation: 35 mcg/day
In adults: Generally 1-3 tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
In children: biotin deficiency affects between 1 week and 2 years of age and usually exhibits seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, hyperventilation, and coma. In this case, 5-10 tablets daily, crushed and mixed with water or any kind of fruit juice or as advised by the physician.
Recommended dietary allowance:
Infants-
- 0-6 months: 5 mcg/day
- 7-12 months: 6 mcg/day
- 1-3 years: 8 mcg/day
- 4-8 years: 12 mcg/day
- 9-13 years: 20 mcg/day
- 14-18 years: 25 mcg/day
- ≥19 years: 30 mcg/day
Pregnancy: 30 mcg/day
Lactation: 35 mcg/day
Side effectsView
Well tolerated in the recommended dose. No biotin toxicity has been reported in individuals supplemented with as much as 200 mg orally or 20mg intravenously per day.
ContraindicationsView
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
InteractionsView
There are indications that anticonvulsant drugs lower the plasma level of biotin. Antibiotic use may decrease the biotin contribution to the body made by the microflora of the large intestine. Excessive consumption of raw egg whites interferes with biotin absorption.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Sufficient clinical data is not available to use in pregnant women and lactating mother.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Biogold
Multivitamin & Multimineral [A-Z gold preparation]
Biogold
Multivitamin & Multimineral [A-Z gold preparation]
Indications
Vitamin deficiency
Indication detailsView
This is indicated for the prevention and treatment of vitamins & minerals deficiencies. As a complete daily nutritional supplement, it is also indicated to meet the increased demand for vitamins and minerals in the conditions like physical and emotional stress, chronic diseases, infection illness, osteoporosis, injuries or wound, surgery, poor digestion, old age, pregnancy and lactation, poor appetite, excess dieting, exposure to environmental pollution, heavy exercise etc.
Therapeutic classView
Multi-vitamin & Multi-mineral combined preparations
PharmacologyView
This is a film coated tablet, which combines 32 high potency vitamins and minerals. This preparation maintains a healthy body and active life-style.
DosageView
One tablet daily or as recommended by the physician.
Side effectsView
Generally, this preparation is well tolerated. Diarrhoea may occasionally occur during treatment with beta carotene and the skin may assume a slightly yellow discoloration. Vitamin C and vitamin E may cause diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disturbances.
ContraindicationsView
This product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
PrecautionsView
Long term intake of high level of vitamin A (excluding that sourced from beta carotene) may increase the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
InteractionsView
No drug interactions have been reported.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Recommended by the consultation with physician.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biolina Plus
Linagliptin + Metformin Hydrochloride
Biolina Plus
Linagliptin + Metformin Hydrochloride
Indications
Type 2 DM
Indication detailsView
This is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when treatment with both Linagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride is appropriate
Therapeutic classView
Combination Oral hypoglycemic preparations
PharmacologyView
Linagliptin is indicated to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4), an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Thus, Linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones, stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta (β) cells in a glucose-dependent manner and decreasing the secretion of glucagon from pancreatic alpha (α) cells in the circulation.
Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Metformin Hydrochloride decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Metformin Hydrochloride decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
DosageView
Linagliptin & Metformin immediate release tablet: The dosage of Linagliptin & Metformin should be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerability. Maximum recommended dose of 2.5 mg Linagliptin and 1000 mg Metformin Hydrochloride twice daily with meals. Dose escalation should be gradual to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects associated with Metformin Hydrochloride use.
Recommended starting dose: In patients currently not treated with Metformin Hydrochloride, initiate treatment with 2.5 mg Linagliptin and 500 mg Metformin Hydrochloride twice daily.
In patients already treated with Metformin Hydrochloride, start with 2.5 mg Linagliptin and the current dose of Metformin Hydrochloride twice daily.
Patients already treated with Linagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride, individual components may be switched to this combination containing the same doses of each component.
Linagliptin & Metformin extend release tablet: The dosage of this combination should be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerability, while not exceeding the maximum recommended total daily dose of Linagliptin 5 mg and Metformin Hydrochloride 2000 mg. this combination should be given once daily with a meal.
Recommended starting dose: In patients currently not treated with metformin, initiate this combination treatment with 5 mg Linagliptin/1000 mg Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release once daily with a meal.
In patients already treated with Metformin, start this combination with 5 mg of Linagliptin total daily dose and a similar total daily dose of Metformin once daily with a meal.
In patients already treated with Linagliptin & Metformin immediate release tablet, switch to extend release tablet containing 5 mg of Linagliptin total daily dose and a similar total daily dose of Metformin once daily with a meal.
5 mg Linagliptin & 1000 mg Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release tablet should be taken as a single tablet once daily. Patients using 2.5 mg Linagliptin & 1000 mg Metformin extended release tablets should take two tablets together once daily.
Recommended starting dose: In patients currently not treated with Metformin Hydrochloride, initiate treatment with 2.5 mg Linagliptin and 500 mg Metformin Hydrochloride twice daily.
In patients already treated with Metformin Hydrochloride, start with 2.5 mg Linagliptin and the current dose of Metformin Hydrochloride twice daily.
Patients already treated with Linagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride, individual components may be switched to this combination containing the same doses of each component.
Linagliptin & Metformin extend release tablet: The dosage of this combination should be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerability, while not exceeding the maximum recommended total daily dose of Linagliptin 5 mg and Metformin Hydrochloride 2000 mg. this combination should be given once daily with a meal.
Recommended starting dose: In patients currently not treated with metformin, initiate this combination treatment with 5 mg Linagliptin/1000 mg Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release once daily with a meal.
In patients already treated with Metformin, start this combination with 5 mg of Linagliptin total daily dose and a similar total daily dose of Metformin once daily with a meal.
In patients already treated with Linagliptin & Metformin immediate release tablet, switch to extend release tablet containing 5 mg of Linagliptin total daily dose and a similar total daily dose of Metformin once daily with a meal.
5 mg Linagliptin & 1000 mg Metformin Hydrochloride extended-release tablet should be taken as a single tablet once daily. Patients using 2.5 mg Linagliptin & 1000 mg Metformin extended release tablets should take two tablets together once daily.
Side effectsView
Most common side effects are nasopharyngitis and diarrhea. Hypoglycemia is more common in patients treated with this combination and sulfonylureas.
ContraindicationsView
Although Linagliptin undergoes minimal renal excretion, Metformin Hydrochloride is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney. The risk of Metformin Hydrochloride accumulation and lactic acidosis increases with the degree of renal impairment. Therefore, this combination is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment. It is also contraindicated in acute or chronic metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis) and in hypersensitivity to Linagliptin or Metformin Hydrochloride.
PrecautionsView
In a patient with lactic acidosis who is taking Metformin, the drug should be discontinued immediately and supportive therapy promptly instituted. There have been postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue Linagliptin & Metformin. Temporarily discontinue Linagliptin & Metformin in patients undergoing radiologic studies with intravascular administration of iodinated contrast materials or any surgical procedures necessitating restricted intake of food and fluids. Metformin may lower Vitamin B12 levels; so hematologic parameters shoud be monitored annually.
InteractionsView
Cationic drugs (amiloride, digoxin, morphine, ranitidine, trimethoprim etc.): May reduce metformin elimination.
P-glycoprotien/CYP3A4 inducer (i.e. rifampin): The efficacy of this medicine may be reduced when administered in combination.
P-glycoprotien/CYP3A4 inducer (i.e. rifampin): The efficacy of this medicine may be reduced when administered in combination.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women with this combination or its individual component; so it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Caution should also be excercised when it is administered to a lactating mother.
Overdose effectsView
In the event of an overdose with this combination the usual supportive measures (i.e. remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, perform clinical monitoring, and institute supportive treatment) should be employed. Removal of Linagliptin by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is unlikely but Metformin Hydrochloride is dialyzable.
During controlled clinical trials in healthy subjects, with single doses of up to 600 mg of Linagliptin (equivalent to 120 times the recommended daily dose), there were no dose-related clinical adverse drug reactions.
Overdose of Metformin Hydrochloride has occurred in case of ingestion of amounts greater than 50 grams. Hypoglycemia was reported in approximately 10% of cases, but no causal association with Metformin Hydrochloride has been established. Lactic acidosis has been reported in approximately 32% of Metformin Hydrochloride overdose cases.
During controlled clinical trials in healthy subjects, with single doses of up to 600 mg of Linagliptin (equivalent to 120 times the recommended daily dose), there were no dose-related clinical adverse drug reactions.
Overdose of Metformin Hydrochloride has occurred in case of ingestion of amounts greater than 50 grams. Hypoglycemia was reported in approximately 10% of cases, but no causal association with Metformin Hydrochloride has been established. Lactic acidosis has been reported in approximately 32% of Metformin Hydrochloride overdose cases.
StorageView
Keep in a cool & dry place (below 30°C), protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biomec
Ivermectin (Tablet)
Biomec
Ivermectin (Tablet)
Indication detailsView
Strongyloidiasis of the intestinal tract: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis due to the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis. This indication is based on clinical studies of both comparative and open-label designs, in which 64-100% of infected patients were cured following a single 200-mcg/kg dose of ivermectin.
Onchocerciasis: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. This indication is based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and comparative studies conducted in 1427 patients in onchocerciasis-endemic areas of West Africa. The comparative studies used diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C).
Onchocerciasis: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. This indication is based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and comparative studies conducted in 1427 patients in onchocerciasis-endemic areas of West Africa. The comparative studies used diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C).
Therapeutic classView
Anthelmintic
PharmacologyView
Ivermectin selectively binds and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels, which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells leading to an increase in the permeability of cell membranes to chloride ions with hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell and, ultimately, death of the parasite.
DosageView
For Treatment (If COVIO Positive): 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg once daily for 5 days. (2+0+0 for 5 days).
For Prophylaxis: Single-dose as mentioned below to be taken on Day 1 & same dose on Day 7.
Strongyloidiasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 200 mcg/kg of body weight. Patients should take tablets on an empty stomach with water. In general, additional doses are not necessary. However, follow-up stool examinations should be performed to verify eradication of infection.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Strongyloidiasis:
Onchocerciasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 150 mcg of Ivermectin per kg of body weight on an empty stomach with water, the most commonly used dose interval is 12 months. For the treatment of individual patients, retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis:
For Prophylaxis: Single-dose as mentioned below to be taken on Day 1 & same dose on Day 7.
- Body Weight 15-24 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight 25-35 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 6 mg
- Body Weight 36-50 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 6 mg + 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight 51-65 kg: 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg
- Body Weight 66-79 kg: 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg + 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight >80 kg: 3 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg
Strongyloidiasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 200 mcg/kg of body weight. Patients should take tablets on an empty stomach with water. In general, additional doses are not necessary. However, follow-up stool examinations should be performed to verify eradication of infection.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Strongyloidiasis:
- Body Weight (kg) 15-24: Dose 3 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 25-35: Dose 6 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 36-50: Dose 9 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 51-65: Dose 12 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 66-79: Dose 15 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) >80: Dose 200 mcg/kg
Onchocerciasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 150 mcg of Ivermectin per kg of body weight on an empty stomach with water, the most commonly used dose interval is 12 months. For the treatment of individual patients, retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis:
- Body Weight (kg) 15-25: Dose 3 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 26-44: Dose 6 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 45-64: Dose 9 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 65-84: Dose 12 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) >85: Dose 150 mcg/kg
Side effectsView
Strongyloidiasis: In four clinical studies involving a total of 109 patients given either one or two doses of 170 to 200 mcg/kg of Ivermectin, the following adverse reactions were reported as possibly, probably, or definitely related to Ivermectin.
- Body as a whole: asthenia/fatigue (0.9%), abdominal pain (0.9%)
- Gastrointestinal: anorexia (0.9%), constipation (0.9%), diarrhea (1.8%), nausea (1.8%), vomiting (0.9%) Nervous System/Psychiatric: dizziness (2.8%), somnolence (0.9%), vertigo (0.9%), tremor (0.9%)
- Skin: pruritus (2.8%), rash (0.9%), and urticaria (0.9%).
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
PrecautionsView
Historical data have shown that microfilaricidal drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C), might cause cutaneous and/or systemic reactions of varying severity (the Mazzotti reaction) and ophthalmological reactions in patients with onchocerciasis. These reactions are probably due to allergic and inflammatory responses to the death of microfilariae. Patients treated with Ivermectin for onchocerciasis may experience these reactions in addition to clinical adverse reactions possibly, probably, or definitely related to the drug itself. The treatment of severe Mazzotti reactions has not been subjected to controlled clinical trials. Oral hydration, recumbency, intravenous normal saline, and/or parenteral corticosteroids have been used to treat postural hypotension. Antihistamines and/or aspirin have been used for most mild to moderate cases. After treatment with microfilaricidal drugs, patients with hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda) may be more likely than others to experience severe adverse reactions, especially edema and aggravation of onchodermatitis. Rarely, patients with onchocerciasis who are also heavily infected with Loa loa may develop a serious or even fatal encephalopathy either spontaneously or following treatment with an effective microfilaricide. In these patients, the following adverse experiences have also been reported: back pain, conjunctival hemorrhage, dyspnea, urinary and/or fecal incontinence, difficulty in standing/walking, mental status changes, confusion, lethargy, stupor, or coma.
InteractionsView
Post-marketing reports of increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) have been rarely reported when ivermectin was co-administered with warfarin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Ivermectin does not appear to be selectively fetotoxic to the developing fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ivermectin should not be used during pregnancy since safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Nursing Mothers: Ivermectin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Treatment of mothers who intend to breast feed should only be undertaken when the risk of delayed treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the newborn
Nursing Mothers: Ivermectin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Treatment of mothers who intend to breast feed should only be undertaken when the risk of delayed treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the newborn
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients weighing less than 15 kg have not been established.
Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Ivermectin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Ivermectin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biomec
Ivermectin (Tablet)
Biomec
Ivermectin (Tablet)
Indication detailsView
Strongyloidiasis of the intestinal tract: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis due to the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis. This indication is based on clinical studies of both comparative and open-label designs, in which 64-100% of infected patients were cured following a single 200-mcg/kg dose of ivermectin.
Onchocerciasis: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. This indication is based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and comparative studies conducted in 1427 patients in onchocerciasis-endemic areas of West Africa. The comparative studies used diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C).
Onchocerciasis: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. This indication is based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and comparative studies conducted in 1427 patients in onchocerciasis-endemic areas of West Africa. The comparative studies used diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C).
Therapeutic classView
Anthelmintic
PharmacologyView
Ivermectin selectively binds and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels, which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells leading to an increase in the permeability of cell membranes to chloride ions with hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell and, ultimately, death of the parasite.
DosageView
For Treatment (If COVIO Positive): 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg once daily for 5 days. (2+0+0 for 5 days).
For Prophylaxis: Single-dose as mentioned below to be taken on Day 1 & same dose on Day 7.
Strongyloidiasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 200 mcg/kg of body weight. Patients should take tablets on an empty stomach with water. In general, additional doses are not necessary. However, follow-up stool examinations should be performed to verify eradication of infection.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Strongyloidiasis:
Onchocerciasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 150 mcg of Ivermectin per kg of body weight on an empty stomach with water, the most commonly used dose interval is 12 months. For the treatment of individual patients, retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis:
For Prophylaxis: Single-dose as mentioned below to be taken on Day 1 & same dose on Day 7.
- Body Weight 15-24 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight 25-35 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 6 mg
- Body Weight 36-50 kg: 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 6 mg + 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight 51-65 kg: 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg
- Body Weight 66-79 kg: 2 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg + 1 Tablet of Ivermectin 3 mg
- Body Weight >80 kg: 3 Tablets of Ivermectin 6 mg
Strongyloidiasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 200 mcg/kg of body weight. Patients should take tablets on an empty stomach with water. In general, additional doses are not necessary. However, follow-up stool examinations should be performed to verify eradication of infection.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Strongyloidiasis:
- Body Weight (kg) 15-24: Dose 3 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 25-35: Dose 6 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 36-50: Dose 9 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 51-65: Dose 12 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 66-79: Dose 15 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) >80: Dose 200 mcg/kg
Onchocerciasis: The recommended dosage of Ivermectin is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 150 mcg of Ivermectin per kg of body weight on an empty stomach with water, the most commonly used dose interval is 12 months. For the treatment of individual patients, retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months.
Dosage Guidelines for Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis:
- Body Weight (kg) 15-25: Dose 3 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 26-44: Dose 6 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 45-64: Dose 9 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) 65-84: Dose 12 mg/kg
- Body Weight (kg) >85: Dose 150 mcg/kg
Side effectsView
Strongyloidiasis: In four clinical studies involving a total of 109 patients given either one or two doses of 170 to 200 mcg/kg of Ivermectin, the following adverse reactions were reported as possibly, probably, or definitely related to Ivermectin.
- Body as a whole: asthenia/fatigue (0.9%), abdominal pain (0.9%)
- Gastrointestinal: anorexia (0.9%), constipation (0.9%), diarrhea (1.8%), nausea (1.8%), vomiting (0.9%) Nervous System/Psychiatric: dizziness (2.8%), somnolence (0.9%), vertigo (0.9%), tremor (0.9%)
- Skin: pruritus (2.8%), rash (0.9%), and urticaria (0.9%).
ContraindicationsView
It is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
PrecautionsView
Historical data have shown that microfilaricidal drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C), might cause cutaneous and/or systemic reactions of varying severity (the Mazzotti reaction) and ophthalmological reactions in patients with onchocerciasis. These reactions are probably due to allergic and inflammatory responses to the death of microfilariae. Patients treated with Ivermectin for onchocerciasis may experience these reactions in addition to clinical adverse reactions possibly, probably, or definitely related to the drug itself. The treatment of severe Mazzotti reactions has not been subjected to controlled clinical trials. Oral hydration, recumbency, intravenous normal saline, and/or parenteral corticosteroids have been used to treat postural hypotension. Antihistamines and/or aspirin have been used for most mild to moderate cases. After treatment with microfilaricidal drugs, patients with hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda) may be more likely than others to experience severe adverse reactions, especially edema and aggravation of onchodermatitis. Rarely, patients with onchocerciasis who are also heavily infected with Loa loa may develop a serious or even fatal encephalopathy either spontaneously or following treatment with an effective microfilaricide. In these patients, the following adverse experiences have also been reported: back pain, conjunctival hemorrhage, dyspnea, urinary and/or fecal incontinence, difficulty in standing/walking, mental status changes, confusion, lethargy, stupor, or coma.
InteractionsView
Post-marketing reports of increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) have been rarely reported when ivermectin was co-administered with warfarin.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy Category C. Ivermectin does not appear to be selectively fetotoxic to the developing fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ivermectin should not be used during pregnancy since safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Nursing Mothers: Ivermectin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Treatment of mothers who intend to breast feed should only be undertaken when the risk of delayed treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the newborn
Nursing Mothers: Ivermectin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Treatment of mothers who intend to breast feed should only be undertaken when the risk of delayed treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the newborn
Pediatric usageView
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients weighing less than 15 kg have not been established.
Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Ivermectin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Ivermectin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
StorageView
Keep in a dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Biomonas
Montelukast Sodium
Biomonas
Montelukast Sodium
Indications
Rhinitis
Indication detailsView
Montelukast Sodium is indicated for:
- Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
- Acute prevention of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)
- Relief of symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis (AR): Seasonal & Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Therapeutic classView
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
PharmacologyView
Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1). The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) are products of arachidonic acid metabolism and are released from various cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma & allergic rhinitis, including airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma.
DosageView
Adults & adolescents (15 years & older)-
- Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 10 mg/day
- Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 10 mg/day
- Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 5 mg/day
- Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 5 mg/day
- Asthma & Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg/day
- Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Not recommended
AdministrationView
Route of administration: Oral. Montelukast may be taken with or without food or as directed by the physician.
Side effectsView
Common: Diarrhoea, fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions, upper respiratory tract infection.
Uncommon: Akathisia, anxiety, arthralgia, asthenia, abnormal behavior, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, haemorrhage, irritability, malaise, muscle complaints, oedema, seizure, abnormal sensation, sleep disorders.
Rare: Angioedema, concentration impaired, disorientation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, erythema nodosum, hallucination, hepatic disorders, memory loss, palpitations, pulmonary eosinophilia, suicidal tendencies, tremor.
Uncommon: Akathisia, anxiety, arthralgia, asthenia, abnormal behavior, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, haemorrhage, irritability, malaise, muscle complaints, oedema, seizure, abnormal sensation, sleep disorders.
Rare: Angioedema, concentration impaired, disorientation, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, erythema nodosum, hallucination, hepatic disorders, memory loss, palpitations, pulmonary eosinophilia, suicidal tendencies, tremor.
ContraindicationsView
Montelukast is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
PrecautionsView
Montelukast is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmatic. Neuropsychiatric events including agitation, hostility, anxiousness, depression, disorientation, disturbance in attention, dream abnormalities, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, memory impairment, restlessness, somnambulism, suicidal thinking and behavior (including suicide) and tremor.
InteractionsView
With medicine: No dose adjustment is needed when montelukast is co-administered with theophylline, prednisone, prednisolone, terfenadine, digoxin, warfarin, gemfibrozil, itraconazole, thyroid hormones, sedative-hypnotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, benzodiazepines, decongestants, oral contraceptives, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducers.
With food and others: Bioavailability and other conditions were not significantly observed with food & other conditions.
With food and others: Bioavailability and other conditions were not significantly observed with food & other conditions.
Pregnancy & lactationView
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Montelukast should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Montelukast is excreted in breast milk. So caution should be exercised when Montelukast is given to a nursing mother.
Overdose effectsView
There were no adverse experiences in the majority of overdosage reports. The most frequently occurring adverse experiences were consistent with the safety profile of Montelukast and included abdominal pain, somnolence, thirst, headache, vomiting and psychomotor hyperactivity. In the event of overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures; e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive therapy, if required.
StorageView
Store in cool & dry place below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Bionaprox Plus
Naproxen Sodium + Esomeprazole Magnesium
Bionaprox Plus
Naproxen Sodium + Esomeprazole Magnesium
Indications
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Indication detailsView
Naproxen & Esomeprazole is indicated for the relief of signs & symptoms of-
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis &
- To decrease the risk of developing gastric ulcers in patients at risk of developing NSAID-associated gastric ulcers.
Therapeutic classView
Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
PharmacologyView
This consists of an immediate release Esomeprazole Magnesium layer & an enteric-coated Naproxen core. As a result, Esomeprazole is released first into the stomach, prior to the dissolution of Naproxen in the small intestine.
Naproxen is a NSAID with analgesic & antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of Naproxen is to inhibit the prostaglandin synthesis. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/k+ -ATPase in the gastric parietal cell by acting specifically on the proton pump, Esomeprazole blocks the final step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity.
Naproxen is a NSAID with analgesic & antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of Naproxen is to inhibit the prostaglandin synthesis. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/k+ -ATPase in the gastric parietal cell by acting specifically on the proton pump, Esomeprazole blocks the final step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity.
DosageView
Carefully consider the potential benefits & risks of this tablet & other treatment options before deciding to use this tablet. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. If a dose of Esomeprazole lower than a total daily dose of 40 mg is more appropriate, a different treatment should be considered.
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis-
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis-
- Adults: One tablet twice daily of either: 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole; or 500 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole
- Weight greater than 50 kg: 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole; or 500 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole
- Weight 38 kg to less than 50 kg: One tablet twice daily of 375 mg naproxen/20 mg of esomeprazole.
AdministrationView
Do not split, chew, crush or dissolve the tablet. This tablet is to be taken at least 30 minutes before meals.
Side effectsView
In general, this preparation is well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials (>5%): erosive gastritis, dyspepsia, gastritis, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, upper abdominal pain, nausea etc.
ContraindicationsView
- Known hypersensitivity to any component of this tablet or substituted benzimidazoles.
- History of asthmay urticaria or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.
- Use during the peri-operative period in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
PrecautionsView
Patients with known CV disease/risk factors may be at greater risk. This tablet should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart failure.
InteractionsView
With medicine:
- Concomitant use of NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, diuretics & beta-blockers
- Concomitant use of this tablet and warfarin may result in an increased risk of a bleeding complication.
- Esomeprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion & may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability (eg. Ketoconazole, iron salts and digoxin).
Pregnancy & lactationView
Pregnancy category C. In late pregnancy, it should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. This tablet should not be used in nursing mothers due to the Naproxen component.
Pediatric usageView
Elderly patients: Studies indicate that although the total plasma concentration of naproxen is unchanged, the unbound plasma fraction of naproxen is increased in the elderly. Use caution when high doses are required & some adjustment of dosage may be required in elderly patients. As with other drugs used in the elderly use the lowest effective dose.
Patients with Moderate to Severe Renal impairment: Naproxen-containing products are not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min).
Hepatic insufficiency: Monitor patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment closely & consider a possible dose reduction based on the Naproxen component of this tablet. This is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment because Esomeprazole dosage should not exceed 20 mg daily in these patients.
Patients with Moderate to Severe Renal impairment: Naproxen-containing products are not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min).
Hepatic insufficiency: Monitor patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment closely & consider a possible dose reduction based on the Naproxen component of this tablet. This is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment because Esomeprazole dosage should not exceed 20 mg daily in these patients.
Overdose effectsView
There is no clinical data on overdosage with this tablet.
Overdose of Naproxen: Significant naproxen overdosage may be characterized by lethargy, drowsiness, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, transient alteration in liver function, hypoprothrombinemia, renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, apnea, vomiting etc.
Overdose of Esomeprazole: The major signs of acute toxicity were reduced motor activity, changes in respiratory frequency, tremor and intermittent clonic convulsions etc.
Overdose of Naproxen: Significant naproxen overdosage may be characterized by lethargy, drowsiness, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, transient alteration in liver function, hypoprothrombinemia, renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, apnea, vomiting etc.
Overdose of Esomeprazole: The major signs of acute toxicity were reduced motor activity, changes in respiratory frequency, tremor and intermittent clonic convulsions etc.
StorageView
Store at temperature of below 30°C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Bionex
Tranexamic Acid
Bionex
Tranexamic Acid
Indications
Uterine bleeding
Indication detailsView
In medicine: Prophylaxis and therapy of hemophtoes, digestive hemorrhages, hemorrhagic syndromes in leukaemia, cirrhosis and hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, accidents during thrombolytic therapy and transfusion.
In surgery: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during operations of any type and nature and particularly in pulmonary, cardiovascular and abdominal surgery and post-operative and traumatic shock.
In urology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy of prostatic, vesical and renal surgery. Hematurias.
In obstetrics: Prophylaxis and therapy of post-partum and puerperium hemorrhages, hemorrhagic metrophathies, functional menometrorrhagias, idiopathic or IUD(lntra uterine Device) induced menorrhagias, primitive hyperfibrinolysis (abruptio placentae, premature placenta detachment) and in cervical conization.
In otorhinolaryngology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during a tonsillectomy, specialist surgery generally, epistaxis.
In stomatology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during maxillofacial operations, tooth extractions.
In oncology (as supportive therapy): To promote the formation of a fibrin capsule to wall off and thereby inhibit the growth of ovarian tumors. To cause regression of ascites secondary to carcinoma. To reduce bleeding during surgical interventions.
In surgery: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during operations of any type and nature and particularly in pulmonary, cardiovascular and abdominal surgery and post-operative and traumatic shock.
In urology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy of prostatic, vesical and renal surgery. Hematurias.
In obstetrics: Prophylaxis and therapy of post-partum and puerperium hemorrhages, hemorrhagic metrophathies, functional menometrorrhagias, idiopathic or IUD(lntra uterine Device) induced menorrhagias, primitive hyperfibrinolysis (abruptio placentae, premature placenta detachment) and in cervical conization.
In otorhinolaryngology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during a tonsillectomy, specialist surgery generally, epistaxis.
In stomatology: Prophylaxis and antihemorrhagic therapy during maxillofacial operations, tooth extractions.
In oncology (as supportive therapy): To promote the formation of a fibrin capsule to wall off and thereby inhibit the growth of ovarian tumors. To cause regression of ascites secondary to carcinoma. To reduce bleeding during surgical interventions.
Therapeutic classView
Anti-fibrinolytic drugs, Haemostatic drugs
PharmacologyView
This is a preparation of tranexamic acid (trans-4 aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid). Tranexamic acid is a substance endowed with a strong antifibrinolytic action and both in vivo and in vitro it has proved to be 10 times more active than conventional hemostatics, depending on the test. The antihemorrhagic action of tranexamic acid is essentially due to an inhibition of the plasminogen activation of both exogenous activators like streptokinase and endogenous ones like urokinase and the plasminogen tissue activator. This fact is particularly important for the clinical use of Tranexamic Acid, because it ensures an antihemorrhagic activity with an antifibrinolytic mechanism under a variety of conditions.
The acute toxicity of Tranexamic Acid is extremely low and chronic toxicity almost non-existent. Tranexamic Acid is well absorbed by oral route and the effect is already seen 15-30 minutes after administration. It is excreted mainly by renal route but more slowly than conventional hemostatics. These features make the Tranexamic Acid effect more lasting than those conventional hemostatics. Considerably lower single doses of Tranexamic Acid can thus be administered at greater intervals without the drug plasma levels dropping to inefficient levels of antifibrinolytic activity between one dose and the other.
Tranexamic Acid at therapeutic doses does not interfere with clotting processes and even a prolonged administration has not been seen to be accompanied by any tendency to thrombophilia.
The acute toxicity of Tranexamic Acid is extremely low and chronic toxicity almost non-existent. Tranexamic Acid is well absorbed by oral route and the effect is already seen 15-30 minutes after administration. It is excreted mainly by renal route but more slowly than conventional hemostatics. These features make the Tranexamic Acid effect more lasting than those conventional hemostatics. Considerably lower single doses of Tranexamic Acid can thus be administered at greater intervals without the drug plasma levels dropping to inefficient levels of antifibrinolytic activity between one dose and the other.
Tranexamic Acid at therapeutic doses does not interfere with clotting processes and even a prolonged administration has not been seen to be accompanied by any tendency to thrombophilia.
DosageView
Adults-
- The usual dose: 500-1000 mg 3 times daily.
- For prophylaxis: The mean recommended daily doses are 0.5-1 gm orally, 500 mg by the parenteral (intravenous or intramuscular) route.
- For therapy of hemorrhagic manifestations: the oral dose increases to 1-3 gm given in divided doses: in cases of particular seriousness and urgency, begin by injecting an ampoule (500 mg) slowly by intravenous route and administer the necessary subsequent oral doses.
- For prophylaxis: For every kg of body weight from 5-10 mg are orally administered daily in divided doses.
- For therapeutic purposes: The oral doses are doubled (from 10 to 20 mg/kg), while the intravenous and intramuscular treatment is begun with 10 mg/kg (=0.5 ml every 5 kg) by the slow intravenous route, continuing the oral administration up to the required dose. Where it is more convenient (e.g. in small babies) the ampoules, diluted in a little sweetened water, maybe orally administered instead of the Capsules.
Side effectsView
- Tranexamic Acid is generally well tolerated; there may be infrequent cases of sense of fatigue, conjunctival irritation, nasal blockage, itching, skin reddening, exanthems.
- After oral administration there may be sign of nausea, diarrhea, gastric pyrosis.
- There are rare cases of postural hypotension.
- In the case of hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid, avoid or suspend treatment and start a suitable therapy.
ContraindicationsView
Known individual hypersensitivity to the product. Thromboembolic disease, arterial and venous thrombosis, endocavitary hemorrhages, serious kidney failure.
PrecautionsView
- Tranexamic Acid should be used in cases where there is hyperfibrinolysis. The prophylactic treatment must begin 24 hours before the operation and continue until 3-4 days after it.
- The therapy of hemorrhages must be prolonged for at least 24 hours after manifestations have disappeared.
- In hematuria, especially when this is not accompanied by any other hemorrhagic manifestations, reduce the doses to prevent formation of clots in the urinary tract.
- Tranexamic Acid must not be used in serious renal insufficiency or anuric syndromes and must only be used with caution in less serious renal dysfunctions.
- The administration of product requires particular care in cardiopathic and hepatopathic subjects.
InteractionsView
Tranexamic Acid is a synthetic Amino Acid that is incompatible with solutions containing penicillins (eg: Benzyl penicillin). Thrombolytic drugs like Streptokinase & Urokinase antagonise the antifibrinolytic action of Tranexamic Acid. The potential for thrombus formation may be increased by concomitant administration of estrogen containing drugs, like oral contraceptives. Direct admixture of Tranexamic Acid with whole blood should be avoided during Transfusion.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Since the transplacental passage of the drug and its possible effects on the fetus are unknown, Tranexamic Acid should not be administered during known and presumed pregnancy. Tranexamic Acid passes into breast milk to a concentration of approximately one hundredth of the concentration in the maternal blood. An antifibrinolytic effect in the infant is unlikely.
StorageView
Store in a dry place at 15-30°C, away from light and keep out of children's reach.
Bionic
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
Bionic
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
Indications
Vitamin B deficiencies
Indication detailsView
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12 is indicated for the treatment of vitamin B1, B6 & B12 deficiency syndrome. It is also indicated for the supportive treatment of neuritis & non-inflammatory diseases of the nerves, e.g.- Diabetic neuropathy, Peripheral neuralgin, Lumbago, Myalgia, Optic neuritis, Sciatica, Facial neuralgia, Intercostal neuralgia, Spinal pain.
Therapeutic classView
Specific combined vitamin preparations
PharmacologyView
Vitamin B1 converts carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids into energy, promotes healthy nerves, improves mood, strengthens the heart. Vitamin B6 forms RBCs, helps cells to make proteins, manufactures neurotransmitters e.g. serotonin and releases stored forms of energy, helps to prevent CVS diseases and stroke, helps to lift depression and eases insomnia. Vitamin B12 is essential for cell replication and important for RBC production, prevents anemia, helps to prevent depression, reduces nerve pain, numbness, tingling and lowers the risk of heart diseases.
The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
DosageView
Tablet: 1-3 Tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
Injection:
Injection:
- In severe (acute) cases: 1 injection daily until the acute symptoms subside or taken as advised by the physician.
- In mild cases: 1 injection 2-3 times per week. Ampoules are preferably injected intramuscularly.
Side effectsView
Generally well tolerated but allergic reactions may be observed in few cases.
ContraindicationsView
Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 is contraindicated in patients on levodopa therapy, and in patients with hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the preparation.
PrecautionsView
Cyanocobalamin should not be given in patients with subacute degeneration of the spinal cord. Cyanocobalamin is not suitable form of vitamin B12 for the treatment of optic neuropathies associated with raised plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin.
InteractionsView
No drug interaction has been reported yet.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Oral tablet form is recommended but due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, injection is not recommended during pregnancy & lactation.
Overdose effectsView
No overdosage symptoms are to be expected in the recommended dosage. If there is known overdose then treatment is symptomatic & supportive.
StorageView
Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool (below 25°C temperature) and dry place, protected from light.
Bionic
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
Bionic
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12
Indications
Vitamin B deficiencies
Indication detailsView
Vitamin B1, B6 & B12 is indicated for the treatment of vitamin B1, B6 & B12 deficiency syndrome. It is also indicated for the supportive treatment of neuritis & non-inflammatory diseases of the nerves, e.g.- Diabetic neuropathy, Peripheral neuralgin, Lumbago, Myalgia, Optic neuritis, Sciatica, Facial neuralgia, Intercostal neuralgia, Spinal pain.
Therapeutic classView
Specific combined vitamin preparations
PharmacologyView
Vitamin B1 converts carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids into energy, promotes healthy nerves, improves mood, strengthens the heart. Vitamin B6 forms RBCs, helps cells to make proteins, manufactures neurotransmitters e.g. serotonin and releases stored forms of energy, helps to prevent CVS diseases and stroke, helps to lift depression and eases insomnia. Vitamin B12 is essential for cell replication and important for RBC production, prevents anemia, helps to prevent depression, reduces nerve pain, numbness, tingling and lowers the risk of heart diseases.
The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
DosageView
Tablet: 1-3 Tablets per day or as advised by the physician.
Injection:
Injection:
- In severe (acute) cases: 1 injection daily until the acute symptoms subside or taken as advised by the physician.
- In mild cases: 1 injection 2-3 times per week. Ampoules are preferably injected intramuscularly.
Side effectsView
Generally well tolerated but allergic reactions may be observed in few cases.
ContraindicationsView
Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 is contraindicated in patients on levodopa therapy, and in patients with hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the preparation.
PrecautionsView
Cyanocobalamin should not be given in patients with subacute degeneration of the spinal cord. Cyanocobalamin is not suitable form of vitamin B12 for the treatment of optic neuropathies associated with raised plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin.
InteractionsView
No drug interaction has been reported yet.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Oral tablet form is recommended but due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, injection is not recommended during pregnancy & lactation.
Overdose effectsView
No overdosage symptoms are to be expected in the recommended dosage. If there is known overdose then treatment is symptomatic & supportive.
StorageView
Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool (below 25°C temperature) and dry place, protected from light.
Biopen VK
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin [Penicillin V]
Biopen VK
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin [Penicillin V]
Indications
Vincent’s infection
Indication detailsView
For the treatment of mild to moderately severe bacterial infections, if these are due to penicillin susceptible pathogens and respond to therapy with oral penicillin, such as:
- infections of the ear, nose and throat regions, e.g., tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media, sinusitis.
- infections of the lower respiratory tract, e.g., bronchitis and pneumonia, bronchopneumonia.
- infections due to beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A, e.g., scarlet fever, erysipelas, rheumatic fever.
- skin infections, e.g., pyodermia, furunculosis, phlegmon, erysipeloid, erythema migrans, insofar as the micro-organisms are penicillin-susceptible.
- lymphadenitis and lymphangitis of bacterial origin.
- infections of the buccal cavity, gums or jaws, e.g., inflammatory infiltrates, delayed dentition stages II and III, antral fistulae, secondary bacterial infection with Gram-positive pathogens following virus-induced gingivitis or stomatitis.
Therapeutic classView
Benzylpenicillin & Phenoxymethyl penicillin
PharmacologyView
Phenoxymethyl penicillin or penicillin V is acid-stable and is absorbed from the upper part of the small intestine. Of different forms of Phenoxymethyl penicillin, the potassium salt of Phenoxymethyl penicillin is best absorbed. This may be given with meals but maximum absorption is achieved when drug is administered orally at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the meal. Phenoxymethyl penicillin offers a very convenient means of treating Grampositive infections. Phenoxymethyl penicillin has the distinct advantage over penicillin G in resistance to inactivation by gastric acid.
DosageView
The dosage of Phenoxymethyl penicillin should be determined according to the sensitivity of the causative micro-organism and the severity of the infection, and adjusted to the clinical response of the patient.
Adults: 250-500 mg 6 hourly
Children (above 1 year):
Adults: 250-500 mg 6 hourly
Children (above 1 year):
- 125-250 mg 6 hourly
- 125 mg/5 ml powder for suspension: 1-2 teaspoonful (5-10 ml) 6 hourly
- 250 mg/5 ml powder for suspension: ½-1 teaspoonful (2.5-5 ml) 6 hourly
- 62.5-125 mg 6 hourly.
- 125 mg/5 ml powder for suspension: ½-1 teaspoonful (2.5-5 ml) 6 hourly, or as prescribed by the physician.
AdministrationView
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin is best taken on an empty stomach, preferably one hour before meals. The tablets are swallowed without chewing with sufficient amounts of liquid. Before each use of this syrup, the bottle has to be shaken vigorously.
Side effectsView
Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions involving the skin (e.g. urticaria, morbilliform or scarlatiniform rashes, pruritus), eosinophilia or more serious allergic reactions, e.g. drug fever, vasculitis, serum sickness or interstitial nephritis, may develop. Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions accompanied by, e.g- angioneurotic oedema, oedema of the larynx, bronchial spasm and shock may occur.
In the event of signs pointing to anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, the treatment must be terminated immediately. In occasional instances, there may be skin rashes or inflammation of mucous membranes, especially in the region of the mouth (stomatitis); dryness of the mouth and disorders of taste may rarely occur.
The occurrence of severe bullous skin reactions- usually involving the mucosae- has been reported in isolated cases (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome). Gastrointestinal disturbances with, e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools, or diarrhoea may develop.
Diarrhoea may sometimes be a symptom of enterocolitis which may, in some cases, be haemorrhagic. A particular form of enterocolitis that can occur with antibiotics is pseudomembranous colitis (in most cases due to Clostridium diffcile). This must be considered in patients in whom severe, persistent diarrhoea occurs during treatment or in the initial weeks thereafter. Even if pseudomembranous colitis is only suspected, administration of Phenoxymethyl penicillin must be halted immediately. This type of colitis requires immediate and appropriate treatment by a physician. Drugs that inhibit intestinal peristalsis must not be taken in such cases. In isolated cases, particularly after high doses and prolonged administration, changes in blood picture such as reduction in the number of white blood cells (e.g.,leucopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis), erythrocytes (e.g., due to haemolytic anaemia), thrombocytes, or pancytopenia and myelosuppression may occur. During treatment for spirochaetal infections, Herxheimer's reaction characterized by the occurrence or worsening of general symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and joint pains may develop. In isolated cases, drug-induced aseptic meningitis may occur.
In extremely rare cases, transient discolouration of the teeth may be seen during treatment with Phenoxymethyl penicillin. Administration of antibiotics, especially if prolonged, may lead to the proliferation of resistant micro organisms.
Beta-lactams predispose the patient to encephalopathy risk (which may include convulsions, confusion, impairment of consciousness, movement disorders), particularly in case of overdose or renal impairment.
In the event of signs pointing to anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, the treatment must be terminated immediately. In occasional instances, there may be skin rashes or inflammation of mucous membranes, especially in the region of the mouth (stomatitis); dryness of the mouth and disorders of taste may rarely occur.
The occurrence of severe bullous skin reactions- usually involving the mucosae- has been reported in isolated cases (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome). Gastrointestinal disturbances with, e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools, or diarrhoea may develop.
Diarrhoea may sometimes be a symptom of enterocolitis which may, in some cases, be haemorrhagic. A particular form of enterocolitis that can occur with antibiotics is pseudomembranous colitis (in most cases due to Clostridium diffcile). This must be considered in patients in whom severe, persistent diarrhoea occurs during treatment or in the initial weeks thereafter. Even if pseudomembranous colitis is only suspected, administration of Phenoxymethyl penicillin must be halted immediately. This type of colitis requires immediate and appropriate treatment by a physician. Drugs that inhibit intestinal peristalsis must not be taken in such cases. In isolated cases, particularly after high doses and prolonged administration, changes in blood picture such as reduction in the number of white blood cells (e.g.,leucopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis), erythrocytes (e.g., due to haemolytic anaemia), thrombocytes, or pancytopenia and myelosuppression may occur. During treatment for spirochaetal infections, Herxheimer's reaction characterized by the occurrence or worsening of general symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and joint pains may develop. In isolated cases, drug-induced aseptic meningitis may occur.
In extremely rare cases, transient discolouration of the teeth may be seen during treatment with Phenoxymethyl penicillin. Administration of antibiotics, especially if prolonged, may lead to the proliferation of resistant micro organisms.
Beta-lactams predispose the patient to encephalopathy risk (which may include convulsions, confusion, impairment of consciousness, movement disorders), particularly in case of overdose or renal impairment.
ContraindicationsView
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin must not be administered in patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins or any of the excipients of this. Phenoxymethyl Penicillin must not be used to treat patients with severe gastrointestinal disorders accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea.
PrecautionsView
The possibility of cross-allergy between cephalosporins and penicillins must be considered. When treating patients with heart diseases or serious electrolyte disturbances of other origin, the potassium content of Phenoxymethyl Penicillin may have to be considered. Beta-lactams predispose the patient to encephalopathy risk (which may include convulsions, confusion, impairment of consciousness, movement disorders), particularly in case of overdose or renal impairment.
Administration of antibiotics, especially if prolonged, may lead to the proliferation of resistant micro-organisms. The patient's condition must therefore be checked at regular intervals. If a secondary infection occurs, appropriate measures must be taken. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the sugar content of Phenoxymethyl Penicillin syrup must be taken into consideration.
There is no indication of impaired ability to drive, or to operate machinery. Beta-lactams predispose the patient to encephalopathy risk. In the case of adverse reactions such as encephalopathy (which may include convulsions, confusion, impairment of consciousness, movement disorders), the patient should not operate machines or drive a vehicle.
Administration of antibiotics, especially if prolonged, may lead to the proliferation of resistant micro-organisms. The patient's condition must therefore be checked at regular intervals. If a secondary infection occurs, appropriate measures must be taken. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the sugar content of Phenoxymethyl Penicillin syrup must be taken into consideration.
There is no indication of impaired ability to drive, or to operate machinery. Beta-lactams predispose the patient to encephalopathy risk. In the case of adverse reactions such as encephalopathy (which may include convulsions, confusion, impairment of consciousness, movement disorders), the patient should not operate machines or drive a vehicle.
InteractionsView
Food: Concurrent intake of food leads to a reduction in the rate of absorption. Therefore, Phenoxymethyl penicillin is best taken on an empty stomach, preferably one hour before meals, in order to reach the highest possible rate of absorption.
Drug interactions: Concomitant administration of penicillins may lead to increased levels of methotrexate in serum and potentiate its toxic effects. Monitoring of methotrexate serum levels is therefore necessary.
If diarrhoea occurs as a consequence of treatment with Phenoxymethyl penicillin, the absorption of other orally administered drugs may be disturbed and their effcacy may consequently be impaired. If penicillins are combined with bacteriostatic chemotherapeutics or antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, chloramphenicol), the activity of penicillins may be attenuated or abolished. Concurrent administration of probenecid inhibits the renal excretion of penicillins. Concurrent use of indomethacin, phenylbutazone, salicylates or sulfinpyrazone may cause elevated and prolonged serum levels of phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Administration of penicillins may cause a transient reduction in plasma concentrations of oestrogens and gestagens. The effectiveness of oral contraceptives is therefore uncertain.
The absorption of Phenoxymethyl penicillin may be reduced where intestinal sterilization with aminoglycosides (e.g. neomycin) has just been performed or is still in progress. Combined use of penicillins and oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) may prolong prothrombin time/INR.
Interference with laboratory and diagnostic tests: Non-enzymatic urine glucose determinations and tests for urobilinogen may give false-positive results.
Drug interactions: Concomitant administration of penicillins may lead to increased levels of methotrexate in serum and potentiate its toxic effects. Monitoring of methotrexate serum levels is therefore necessary.
If diarrhoea occurs as a consequence of treatment with Phenoxymethyl penicillin, the absorption of other orally administered drugs may be disturbed and their effcacy may consequently be impaired. If penicillins are combined with bacteriostatic chemotherapeutics or antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, chloramphenicol), the activity of penicillins may be attenuated or abolished. Concurrent administration of probenecid inhibits the renal excretion of penicillins. Concurrent use of indomethacin, phenylbutazone, salicylates or sulfinpyrazone may cause elevated and prolonged serum levels of phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Administration of penicillins may cause a transient reduction in plasma concentrations of oestrogens and gestagens. The effectiveness of oral contraceptives is therefore uncertain.
The absorption of Phenoxymethyl penicillin may be reduced where intestinal sterilization with aminoglycosides (e.g. neomycin) has just been performed or is still in progress. Combined use of penicillins and oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) may prolong prothrombin time/INR.
Interference with laboratory and diagnostic tests: Non-enzymatic urine glucose determinations and tests for urobilinogen may give false-positive results.
Pregnancy & lactationView
Phenoxymethylpenicillin crosses the placenta. Given the appropriate indication, this may be used at any time throughout pregnancy. Phenoxymethylpenicillin passes into the breast milk in small amounts. This may be used during lactation; however, diarrhoea and yeast colonization of mucous membranes may occur in the infant.
Overdose effectsView
The toxicity of phenoxymethylpenicillin is low, and it has a broad therapeutic range. When a multiple therapeutic dose is taken orally once only, phenoxymethylpenicillin has no acute toxicity. There is a risk of encephalopathy in cases of administration of beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly in case of overdose or renal impairment. Special measures in the event of overdosage, other than discontinuation of the medication, are not required. Elimination of phenoxymethylpenicillin can be accomplished through haemodialysis.
StorageView
Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light.