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    Benprox

    Ciprofloxacin
    Powder for Suspension 250 mg/5 ml Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benprox

    Ciprofloxacin
    Tablet 750 mg Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benquil

    Midazolam
    Tablet 15 mg Allopathic Benzodiazepine hypnotics

    Indications

    Status epilepticus

    Indication detailsView
    Midazolam is indicated in-
    • Short-term treatment of insomnia.
    • Sedation in premedication before surgical or diagnostic procedures.
    Therapeutic classView
    Benzodiazepine hypnotics, Benzodiazepine sedatives
    PharmacologyView
    The actions of benzodiazepines such as midazolam are mediated through the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines increase the activity of GABA, thereby producing a sedating effect, relaxing skeletal muscles, and inducing sleep, anesthesia, and amnesia. Benzodiazepines bind to the benzodiazepine site on GABA-A receptors, which potentiates the effects of GABA by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. These receptors have been identified in different body tissues including the heart and skeletal muscle, although mainly appear to be present in the central nervous system.
    DosageView
    Oral dosage:
    • For adults: 7.5-15 mg daily.
    • In elderly and debilitated patients: The recommended dose is 7.5 mg.
    • In premedication: 15 mg of Midazolam should be given 30-60 minutes before the procedure.
    Intravenous administration:
    • Endoscopic or Cardiovascular Procedures: In healthy adults, the initial dose is approximately 2.5 mg. In cases of severe illness and in elderly patients, the initial dose must be reduced to 1 to 1.5 mg.
    • Induction of Anesthesia: The dose is 10-15 mg.
    Intramuscular administration:
    • Adult: 0.07-0.1 mg/kg body weight. The usual dose is about 5 mg.
    • Children: 0.15-0.20 mg/kg
    • Elderly and debilitated patients: 0.025-0.05 mg/kg
    Rectal administration in children:
    • For preoperative sedation: Rectal administration of the ampoule solution (0.35-0.45 mg/kg) 20-30 min. before induction of general anesthesia.
    Side effectsView
    At the start of therapy, drowsiness during daytime, confusion, fatigue, headache and muscle weakness may occur which usually disappear with repeated administration. Following parenteral (IV or IM) administration of Midazolam, fluctuations in vital signs have been noted including respiratory depression, apnea, variations in blood pressure and pulse rate.
    ContraindicationsView
    Midazolam must not be given to patients with severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, sleep apnea syndrome and with known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or to any component of the product
    PrecautionsView
    Midazolam IV should be administered very slowly.
    InteractionsView
    Midazolam can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquillizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics, anaesthetics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antiepileptic drugs and sedative antihistamines.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Midazolam should be avoided during pregnancy unless there is no safer alternative. Since Midazolam passes into breast milk, it should not be administered to breast-feeding mothers.
    Overdose effectsView
    Extreme overdosage may lead to coma, areflexia, cardiorespiratory depression and apnea. The effects of overdosage can be controlled with benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil.
    StorageView
    Protect from light and moisture, store in cool and dry place. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benquil

    Midazolam
    Tablet 7.5 mg Allopathic Benzodiazepine hypnotics

    Indications

    Status epilepticus

    Indication detailsView
    Midazolam is indicated in-
    • Short-term treatment of insomnia.
    • Sedation in premedication before surgical or diagnostic procedures.
    Therapeutic classView
    Benzodiazepine hypnotics, Benzodiazepine sedatives
    PharmacologyView
    The actions of benzodiazepines such as midazolam are mediated through the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines increase the activity of GABA, thereby producing a sedating effect, relaxing skeletal muscles, and inducing sleep, anesthesia, and amnesia. Benzodiazepines bind to the benzodiazepine site on GABA-A receptors, which potentiates the effects of GABA by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. These receptors have been identified in different body tissues including the heart and skeletal muscle, although mainly appear to be present in the central nervous system.
    DosageView
    Oral dosage:
    • For adults: 7.5-15 mg daily.
    • In elderly and debilitated patients: The recommended dose is 7.5 mg.
    • In premedication: 15 mg of Midazolam should be given 30-60 minutes before the procedure.
    Intravenous administration:
    • Endoscopic or Cardiovascular Procedures: In healthy adults, the initial dose is approximately 2.5 mg. In cases of severe illness and in elderly patients, the initial dose must be reduced to 1 to 1.5 mg.
    • Induction of Anesthesia: The dose is 10-15 mg.
    Intramuscular administration:
    • Adult: 0.07-0.1 mg/kg body weight. The usual dose is about 5 mg.
    • Children: 0.15-0.20 mg/kg
    • Elderly and debilitated patients: 0.025-0.05 mg/kg
    Rectal administration in children:
    • For preoperative sedation: Rectal administration of the ampoule solution (0.35-0.45 mg/kg) 20-30 min. before induction of general anesthesia.
    Side effectsView
    At the start of therapy, drowsiness during daytime, confusion, fatigue, headache and muscle weakness may occur which usually disappear with repeated administration. Following parenteral (IV or IM) administration of Midazolam, fluctuations in vital signs have been noted including respiratory depression, apnea, variations in blood pressure and pulse rate.
    ContraindicationsView
    Midazolam must not be given to patients with severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, sleep apnea syndrome and with known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or to any component of the product
    PrecautionsView
    Midazolam IV should be administered very slowly.
    InteractionsView
    Midazolam can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquillizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics, anaesthetics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antiepileptic drugs and sedative antihistamines.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Midazolam should be avoided during pregnancy unless there is no safer alternative. Since Midazolam passes into breast milk, it should not be administered to breast-feeding mothers.
    Overdose effectsView
    Extreme overdosage may lead to coma, areflexia, cardiorespiratory depression and apnea. The effects of overdosage can be controlled with benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil.
    StorageView
    Protect from light and moisture, store in cool and dry place. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bensal

    Benzoic Acid + Salicylic Acid
    Ointment 6%+3% Allopathic Other Antifungal preparations

    Indications

    Fungal infections

    Indication detailsView
    Benzoic Acid & Salicylic Acid is indicated for fungal infections, athlete's foot, barber's itch.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Antifungal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Benzoic acid: Elicits weak antifungal and antibacterial properties; also helps acidify urine.

    Salicylic acid: It has a potent keratolytic action and a slight antiseptic action when applied topically. It softens and destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration which causes the horny layer of the skin to swell, soften, and then desquamate. At high concentrations, salicylic acid has a caustic effect. It also possesses weak antifungal and antibacterial activity.
    DosageView
    Apply locally on the affected area 2-3 times per day.
    Side effectsView
    Irritation, sensitivity, excessive drying; systemic effects on prolonged use.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity.
    PrecautionsView
    Not for prolonged use in high concentrations and on large areas of the body. Avoid broken skin, mouth, eyes, mucous membranes and anogenital region.
    InteractionsView
    It is not known if this interacts with other topical medications applied to the treatment area. The use of this drug with other topical drugs has not been studied.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category-C. Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks

    Bentid

    Ranitidine Hydrochloride
    Tablet 150 mg Allopathic H2 receptor antagonist

    Indications

    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

    Indication detailsView
    Ranitidine is indicated in:
    • Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
    • Benign gastric ulcer
    • Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
    • Post operative stress ulcer.
    • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    • Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
    • Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
    • Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.
    Therapeutic classView
    H2 receptor antagonist
    PharmacologyView
    Ranitidine competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.
    DosageView

    Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:

    Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.

    Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.

    Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.

    Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.

    Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.

    Child (peptic ulcer): 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.


    Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:

    Ranitidine injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.

    In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Ranitidine injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.

    Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine injection have not been established in case of children.
    Side effectsView
    Ranitidine is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.
    ContraindicationsView
    Patients hypersensitive to Ranitidine
    PrecautionsView
    Ranitidine should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.
    InteractionsView
    Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy: Ranitidine crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Ranitidine. Like other drugs, Ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.

    Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.
    Pediatric usageView
    Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.
    Overdose effectsView
    Ranitidine is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.
    ReconstitutionView
    Slow IV inj: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Continuous IV infusion:     Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

    Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.

    Bentol

    Silver Sulfadiazine
    Cream 1% Allopathic Topical Antibiotic preparations

    Indications

    Wounds

    Indication detailsView
    Silver Sulfadiazine cream is indicated in-
    • The topical prophylaxis against bacterial colonization and infection in burn wounds.
    • The topical antibacterial management of certain contaminated or infection-prone wounds, other than burns.
    Therapeutic classView
    Topical Antibiotic preparations
    PharmacologyView
    The mechanism of Silver Sulfadiazine's antibacterial action has not been fully elucidated. After exposure to the drug, structural changes in the bacterial cell membrane occur, including distortion and enlargement of the cell and a weakening of the cell wall membrane. This is accompanied by reduced viability in sensitive strains. The silver sulfadiazine molecule dissociates and the silver moiety is bound to the bacterial cells. It is believed that, after penetrating the cell wall, the silver moiety is attached to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and prevents bacterial cell proliferation. There is approximately 100 times more DNA in mammalian cells than in bacterial cells. It is thought that the ratio of silver sulfadiazine to bacterial DNA is sufficiently high to prevent bacterial division but the corresponding ratio to epithelial DNA is low enough not to block epithelial cell regeneration. The sulfadiazine moiety also provides a bacteriostatic action against sensitive organisms. In adults, up to 10% of the sulfadiazine may be absorbed and 60 to 85% of the absorbed amount is excreted in the urine. In children with 13% body surface area burns, the urinary sulfadiazine concentration was 31.8 mg/L.
    DosageView
    The burn wounds are cleansed, and Silver Sulfadiazine is applied over the burn wound. The burn areas should be covered with Silver Sulfadiazine at all times. The cream should be applied once to twice daily to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inches or 1.5 mm. Whenever necessary; the cream should be reapplied to any areas from which it has been removed by patient activity. If individual patient requirements make dressings necessary, they may be used. Reapplication should be ensured immediately after hydrotherapy. Treatment with Silver Sulfadiazine should be continued until satisfactory healing is occurred, or until the burn site is ready for grafting. The drug should not be withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen while there remains the possibility of infection except if a significant adverse reaction occurs.
    Side effectsView
    Several cases of transient leukopenia have been reported in-patients receiving Silver Sulfadiazine therapy. Other infrequently occurring events include skin necrosis, erythema multiform, skin discoloration, burning sensation, rashes, and interstitial nephritis.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in-patients who are hypersensitive to it or any of the other ingredients in the preparation. It should not be used on pregnant women approaching or at term, on premature infants, or on newborn infants during the first 2 months of life
    PrecautionsView
    General: If hepatic and renal functions become impaired and elimination of drug decreases, accumulation may occur and discontinuation of this should be weighed against the therapeutic benefit being achieved. In considering the use of topical proteolytic enzymes in conjunction with it, the possibility should be noted that silver might inactivate such enzymes.

    Laboratory Tests: In the treatment of burn wounds involving extensive areas of the body, the serum sulfa concentrations may approach adult therapeutic levels (8 mg% to 12 mg%). Therefore, in these patients it would be advisable to monitor serum sulfa concentrations. Renal function should be carefully monitored and the urine should be checked for sulfa crystals.
    InteractionsView
    Enzymatic debriding agents: Silver sulfadiazine may inactivate enzymatic debriding agents, thus the concomitant use of these compounds may be inappropriate.

    Oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin: In patients with large area burns where serum sulfadiazine levels may approach therapeutic levels, the action of oral hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin may be potentiated and it is recommended that blood levels be monitored.

    Cimetidine: In-patients with large area burns, it has been reported that co-administration of Cimetidine may increase the incidence of leukopenia.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category B. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly justified, especially in pregnant women approaching or at term. It is not known whether Silver Sulfadiazine is excreted in human milk. A decision should be made, whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benvit B

    Vitamin B complex
    Tablet Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin-B complex contains the most important members of the vitamin B group in pure form and in therapeutically balanced proportions. The members of the vitamin B group contained in Vitamin-B complex are components of enzyme systems that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Deficiency of B vitamin causes glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, polyneuritis, beriberi, pellagra and vascularisation of cornea.
    DosageView
    Tablet/ capsule: usual recommended dose is 1-2 tablet/capsule 3 times daily or as directed by the physician.

    Syrup: 2-3 teaspoonful daily or as directed by the physician.

    Injection: It is for intramuscular and intravenous administration. Usual recommended dose is 2 ml daily or as directed by the physician. In addition with Thiamine, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide, Pyridoxine; injectable dosage from contains D-Panthenol 5 mg.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions have been reported with specific vitamins and minerals, but generally at levels substantially higher than those in Vitamin-B complex. However, allergic and idiosyncratic reactions are possible at lower levels. Iron, even at the usual recommended level has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin-B complex is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components.
    InteractionsView
    As little as 5 mg pyridoxine daily can decrease the efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. Therefore, Vitamin-B complex is not recommended for patients undergoing such therapy
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    It is safe to use Vitamin-B complex in pregnancy and lactation.

    Benvit B

    Vitamin B complex
    Syrup Allopathic Specific combined vitamin preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin B deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi Vitamin-B complex is indicated for prophylactic or therapeutic nutritional supplementation in physiologically stressful conditions. These include: Conditions causing depletion, or reduced absorption or bioavailability of essential B-vitamins manifested by glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, beriberi
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific combined vitamin preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamin-B complex contains the most important members of the vitamin B group in pure form and in therapeutically balanced proportions. The members of the vitamin B group contained in Vitamin-B complex are components of enzyme systems that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Deficiency of B vitamin causes glossitis, stomatitis, cheilosis, polyneuritis, beriberi, pellagra and vascularisation of cornea.
    DosageView
    Tablet/ capsule: usual recommended dose is 1-2 tablet/capsule 3 times daily or as directed by the physician.

    Syrup: 2-3 teaspoonful daily or as directed by the physician.

    Injection: It is for intramuscular and intravenous administration. Usual recommended dose is 2 ml daily or as directed by the physician. In addition with Thiamine, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide, Pyridoxine; injectable dosage from contains D-Panthenol 5 mg.
    Side effectsView
    Adverse reactions have been reported with specific vitamins and minerals, but generally at levels substantially higher than those in Vitamin-B complex. However, allergic and idiosyncratic reactions are possible at lower levels. Iron, even at the usual recommended level has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin-B complex is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components.
    InteractionsView
    As little as 5 mg pyridoxine daily can decrease the efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. Therefore, Vitamin-B complex is not recommended for patients undergoing such therapy
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    It is safe to use Vitamin-B complex in pregnancy and lactation.

    Benvit M

    Multivitamin & Multimineral
    Tablet Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

    Indications

    Vitamin deficiency

    Indication detailsView
    This is indicated for the treatment and/or prevention of vitamin and mineral deficiencies associated with restricted diets, improper food intake, alcoholism and decreased absorption. It is also indicated in patients with increased requirements for vitamins and minerals due to acute and chronic diseases, pregnancy, lactation, menopause, infections, during treatment with antibiotics, convalescence etc. To prevent the occurrence of serious birth defects periconceptional (from three months before conception up to the first trimester of pregnancy) supplementation with this tablet is required.
    Therapeutic classView
    Multi-vitamin & Multi-mineral combined preparations, Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Vitamins and minerals are essential for normal metabolic functions including hematopoiesis. The members of vitamin B-group are components of enzyme system that regulate various stages of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, each of the components playing a specific biological role. Vitamin C is involved in tissue repair and collagen formation. Vitamin A plays an essential role in the function of retina and is essential for growth and differentiation of epithelial tissue. Vitamin E is an antioxidant which preserves essential cellular constituents. Vitamin D is supplemented for prevention and cure of nutritional and metabolic rickets and for treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc serve as catalysts in enzyme systems which perform vital cellular functions.
    DosageView
    Orally one tablet daily for adult and children over 5 years of age or as directed by the physicians.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects have been reported with specific vitamins & minerals, but at level substantially higher than those in this tablet. Iron has been associated with gastrointestinal intolerance in some patients.
    ContraindicationsView
    This is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of its components. This is not intended for treatment of severe specific deficiencies of vitamins or minerals. It is not recommended for patients undergoing treatment with levodopa as pyridoxine decreases the efficacy of levodopa. During the first trimester of pregnancy, larger doses of vitamin A (more than 10 tablets per day) may be teratogenic.
    PrecautionsView
    Not intended for treatment of pernicious anemia or other megaloblastic anemia where vitamin B12 is deficient.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    During the first trimester of pregnancy, recommended daily dose should not be exceeded. Because larger doses of Vitamin-A (multiple tablets per day) may be teratogenic.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benvit-Z

    Vitamin B Complex + Zinc
    Syrup Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

    Indications

    Vitamins B and Zinc deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    This is indicated for the treatment and prevention of zinc and vitamin B deficiencies.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Zinc is vital for many biological functions such as immunity enhancement, wound healing, digestion, reproduction, physical growth and mental development. Zinc supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Zinc also has some antioxidant properties. Zinc is used to treat ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder) in children. In adult, due to zinc deficiency loss of appetite, poor sense of taste and smell, tendency towards depression, white marks on fingernails, frequent infections, low fertility, prostate problems, mental problems, poor wound healing, a poor immune system, diarrhoea, mental lethargy, rough skin and weight loss may occur.

    B-Vitamins are needed to release energy from food. They play an important role in ensuring healthy brain and nerve function, healthy red blood cells formation in children & adults. They are specially needed for healthy growth and development of children. B-Vitamin deficiencies in adult cause profound fatigue and various types of neurologic manifestations, which may include weakness, poor balance, confusion, irritability, memory loss, nervousness, tingling of the limbs and loss of coordination. Additional symptoms of vitamin B deficiency are sleep disturbances, nausea, poor appetite, frequent infections, and skin lesions.
    DosageView
    Syrup-
    • Adults: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    • Children: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 1 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    • Infants: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) 1 to 2 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    Tablet-
    • Adults & Children over 30 kg: 1 to 2 tablets 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    This is generally well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea & stomach upset may occur. Side effects have been reported with specific vitamins but generally at levels substantially higher than recommended doses.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin B Complex & Zinc is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    In acute renal failure, zinc accumulation may occur, so dosage adjustment is needed. This is not intended for the treatment of severe specific deficiencies.
    InteractionsView
    Concomitant intake of tetracyclines and zinc may decrease the Gl absorption and serum levels of tetracyclines. Similarly concomitant administration of zinc and fluroquinolones may decrease the Gl absorption and serum  levels of some fluroquinolones. Coadministration of Niacin and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg. lovastatin) may result mayopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Pyridoxine reduces levodopa's effectiveness by increasing its peripheral metabolism. Co-administration of pyridoxine with phenytoin may decrease serum levels of phenytoin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This is recommended in pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    In case of overdosage, initially epigastric pain, diarrhoea and vomiting can occur. In that case, one should seek emergency medical attention. Initially, an emetic should be given and then gastric lavage and general supportive measures should be employed.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.

    Benvit-Z

    Vitamin B Complex + Zinc
    Tablet Allopathic Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations

    Indications

    Vitamins B and Zinc deficiencies

    Indication detailsView
    This is indicated for the treatment and prevention of zinc and vitamin B deficiencies.
    Therapeutic classView
    Specific mineral & vitamin combined preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Zinc is vital for many biological functions such as immunity enhancement, wound healing, digestion, reproduction, physical growth and mental development. Zinc supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Zinc also has some antioxidant properties. Zinc is used to treat ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder) in children. In adult, due to zinc deficiency loss of appetite, poor sense of taste and smell, tendency towards depression, white marks on fingernails, frequent infections, low fertility, prostate problems, mental problems, poor wound healing, a poor immune system, diarrhoea, mental lethargy, rough skin and weight loss may occur.

    B-Vitamins are needed to release energy from food. They play an important role in ensuring healthy brain and nerve function, healthy red blood cells formation in children & adults. They are specially needed for healthy growth and development of children. B-Vitamin deficiencies in adult cause profound fatigue and various types of neurologic manifestations, which may include weakness, poor balance, confusion, irritability, memory loss, nervousness, tingling of the limbs and loss of coordination. Additional symptoms of vitamin B deficiency are sleep disturbances, nausea, poor appetite, frequent infections, and skin lesions.
    DosageView
    Syrup-
    • Adults: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    • Children: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 1 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    • Infants: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) 1 to 2 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    Tablet-
    • Adults & Children over 30 kg: 1 to 2 tablets 2 to 3 times daily or as recommended by the physician.
    Side effectsView
    This is generally well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea & stomach upset may occur. Side effects have been reported with specific vitamins but generally at levels substantially higher than recommended doses.
    ContraindicationsView
    Vitamin B Complex & Zinc is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    In acute renal failure, zinc accumulation may occur, so dosage adjustment is needed. This is not intended for the treatment of severe specific deficiencies.
    InteractionsView
    Concomitant intake of tetracyclines and zinc may decrease the Gl absorption and serum levels of tetracyclines. Similarly concomitant administration of zinc and fluroquinolones may decrease the Gl absorption and serum  levels of some fluroquinolones. Coadministration of Niacin and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg. lovastatin) may result mayopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Pyridoxine reduces levodopa's effectiveness by increasing its peripheral metabolism. Co-administration of pyridoxine with phenytoin may decrease serum levels of phenytoin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This is recommended in pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    In case of overdosage, initially epigastric pain, diarrhoea and vomiting can occur. In that case, one should seek emergency medical attention. Initially, an emetic should be given and then gastric lavage and general supportive measures should be employed.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool & dry place, protected from light. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.

    Benz

    Albendazole
    Chewable Tablet 400 mg Allopathic Anthelmintic

    Indications

    Worm infections

    Indication detailsView
    Albendazole is indicated in single and mixed infestations of-
    • Hookworm (Ancylostoma, Necator)
    • Roundworm (Ascaris)
    • Threadworm (Enterobius)
    • Whipworm (Trichuris)
    • Strongyloides
    • Tapeworm
    • Opisthorchi
    • Hydatid.
    Therapeutic classView
    Anthelmintic
    PharmacologyView
    Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Albendazole exhibits vermicidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activities. The drug is thought to exert its anthelmintic effect by blocking glucose uptake in the susceptible helminths, thereby depleting the energy level until it becomes inadequate for survival. Immobilization is followed by the parasite. These events may be a consequence of the binding and subsequent inhibition of parasite tubulin polymerization by Albendazole and its metabolites, although the drug also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is extensively metabolized, probably in the liver. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. The principal metabolite albendazole sulphoxide has anthelmintic activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hrs. It is excreted in the urine together with other metabolites.
    DosageView
    Adults & children over 2 years:
    • 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) as a single dose in cases of Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
    • In cases of strongyloidiasis or taeniasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) daily should be given for 3 consecutive days. If the patient is not cured on follow-up after three weeks, a second course of treatment is indicated. 
    Children of 1-2 years: Recommended dose is a single dose of 200 mg (5 ml suspension).

    Children under 1 year: Not recommended.

    In Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
    • Albendazole is given by mouth with meals in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 28 days for patients weighing over 60 kg.
    • A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight daily in two divided doses (to a maximum total daily dose of 800 mg) is used for patients weighing less than 60 kg.
    • For cystic echinococcosis, the 28 days course may be repeated after 14 days without treatment, to a total of 3 treatment cycles.
    • For alveolar echinococcosis, cycles of 28 days of treatment followed by 14 days without treatment, may need to continue for months or years.
    • In giardiasis, 400 mg (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension) once daily for five days is used.
    Side effectsView
    Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, changes in liver enzymes, rarely reversible alopecia; rash, fever, blood disorders including leucopenia and pancytopenia reported; allergic shock if cyst leakage; convulsion and meningism in cerebral disease.
    ContraindicationsView
    Neonates: Albendazole is not normally used in neonates.

    Children: Reduction of the dose from 400 mg to 200 mg may be indicated in children weighing less than 10 kg but there are no grounds for a general reduction in dosage to children.

    Pregnant woman: Albendazole should not be given during pregnancy or women thought to be pregnant. No information is available on placental transfer.

    Concurrent disease: There is no evidence to suggest that dose should be altered in renal, hepatic or cardiac failure.
    PrecautionsView
    Blood counts and liver function tests before treatment and twice during each cycle; breastfeeding; exclude pregnancy before starting treatment. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of Echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts
    InteractionsView
    No interaction involving Albendazole, either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic, has been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA Pregnancy category of Albendazole is C. So, Albendazole should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Benzabiol

    Benzyl Benzoate
    Lotion 1.25 gm/5 ml Allopathic Parasiticidal preparations

    Indications

    Scabies

    Indication detailsView
    Benzyl Benzoate is indicated for scabies
    Therapeutic classView
    Parasiticidal preparations, Topical Antifungal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Benzyl benzoate is an acaricide that is used in the treatment of scabies. Benzyl benzoate exerts toxic effects on the nervous system of the parasite, resulting in its death. It is also toxic to mite ova, though its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, benzyl benzoate has been found to kill the Sarcoptes mite within 5 minutes.
    DosageView
    Adult: Apply 3 times at 12 hourly intervals over the whole body, wash-off 12 hr after the last application.
    Side effectsView
    Irritant to eyes and mucous membranes, allergic dermatitis reactions, drying effects in the elderly.
    ContraindicationsView
    Broken or irritated skin; neonates; pregnancy.
    PrecautionsView
    Prevent drug from entering the eyes, elderly (drying effects).
    InteractionsView
    Irritant to eyes and mucous membranes, allergic dermatitis reactions, drying effects in the elderly.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category: Not Classified. FDA has not yet classified the drug into a specified pregnancy category.
    StorageView
    Store below 25°C.

    Benzac

    Benzoyl Peroxide
    Cream 4% Allopathic Acne treatment preparations

    Indications

    Teeth whitening

    Indication detailsView
    Topical therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
    Therapeutic classView
    Acne treatment preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Benzoyl peroxide has mild keratolytic effect and antimicrobial activity due to release of free-radical oxygen which oxidizes bacterial protein. It is active against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes.
    DosageView
    Adult: As 2.5-10% preparation: Apply 1-2 times daily after cleansing, may gradually increase to tid if needed. Start with lower strength preparations. As cleanser: Wash 1-2 times daily.
    Child: ≥12 yr Same as adult dose.
    Side effectsView
    The major adverse reaction reported to date with Benzoyl Peroxide cutaneous therapy is irritation of the skin including erythema, burning, peeling, dryness, itching, stinging, feeling of skin tension locally at the site of application. This is reversible when treatment is reduced in frequency or discontinued. Allergic contact dermatitis, including face oedema, may occur.
    ContraindicationsView
    Benzoyl Peroxide gel is contra-indicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Benzoyl Peroxide.
    PrecautionsView
    Children, Pregnancy and lactation.
    InteractionsView
    There is no known interaction with other medications which might be used cutaneously and concurrently with Benzoyl Peroxide; however, drugs with desquamative, irritant and drying effects should not be used concurrently with Benzoyl Peroxide gel.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
    Overdose effectsView
    Benzoyl Peroxide gel is a preparation indicated for topical treatment only. If the medication is applied excessively, no more rapid or better results will be obtained and severe irritation might develop. In this event, treatment must be discontinued and appropriate symptomatic therapy should be instituted.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

    Benzalic

    Benzoic Acid + Salicylic Acid
    Ointment 6%+3% Allopathic Other Antifungal preparations

    Indications

    Fungal infections

    Indication detailsView
    Benzoic Acid & Salicylic Acid is indicated for fungal infections, athlete's foot, barber's itch.
    Therapeutic classView
    Other Antifungal preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Benzoic acid: Elicits weak antifungal and antibacterial properties; also helps acidify urine.

    Salicylic acid: It has a potent keratolytic action and a slight antiseptic action when applied topically. It softens and destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration which causes the horny layer of the skin to swell, soften, and then desquamate. At high concentrations, salicylic acid has a caustic effect. It also possesses weak antifungal and antibacterial activity.
    DosageView
    Apply locally on the affected area 2-3 times per day.
    Side effectsView
    Irritation, sensitivity, excessive drying; systemic effects on prolonged use.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity.
    PrecautionsView
    Not for prolonged use in high concentrations and on large areas of the body. Avoid broken skin, mouth, eyes, mucous membranes and anogenital region.
    InteractionsView
    It is not known if this interacts with other topical medications applied to the treatment area. The use of this drug with other topical drugs has not been studied.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy Category-C. Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks

    Benzapen

    Benzathine Penicillin
    Injection 12 lac units/vial Allopathic Long acting penicillin

    Indications

    Uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia

    Indication detailsView
    Benzathine Penicillin is indicated in-
    • The treatment of penicillin-sensitive infections where initial high blood levels are not required.
    • The prophylaxis of penicillin-sensitive secondary infections especially in children. It is particularly valuable in continuous prophylaxis against rheumatic fever and streptococcal infections.
    • Prophylaxis of streptococcal impetigo
    • Treatment of acute otitis media
    • Treatment of syphilis
    • Treatment of diphtheria carriers
    Therapeutic classView
    Long acting penicillin
    PharmacologyView
    Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs); which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.
    DosageView
    Treatment of infection: 0.3 to 1.2 million units repeated every five to seven days.

    Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever: 1.2 million units every three weeks.

    Specific dosage schedule: Treatment of group-A β-haemolytic streptococcal infections: A single intramuscular dose of 600,000 units.

    Prevention of rheumatic fever: Monthly injection of a single dose of 1.2 million units is the most effective regimen for preventing further attacks of rheumatic fever.

    Treatment of acute otitis media: A single injection of 6 million units.
    • Early syphilis- 2.4 million units as a single dose.
    • Late syphilis: 2.4 million units weekly for three successive weeks.
    • Neurosyphilis: Benzylpenicillin, intravenously, 2 to 4 million units every 4 hours for 10 days, followed by benzathine penicillin intramuscularly, 2.4 million units weekly for three successive weeks.
    • Congenital syphilis: Asymptomatic infants with normal cerebrospinal fluid, intramuscularly 50,000 units per kg in a single dose.
    Primary and secondary syphilis have been treated with single injections of 2.4 million units of long acting benzathine penicillin (Benzapen) weekly for 2 to 4 weeks with satisfactory results.
    Side effectsView
    The toxicity of penicillins is generally low, but in a small number of patients penicillin can cause sensitization and allergic reactions. Acute, lifethreatening anaphylactic reactions are rare, but they do occur.

    Intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin can cause moderate burning discomfort, local pain, and deep muscle soreness and tenderness at the site of injection, lasting for one to three days in about 10% of patients. Some patients had low-grade fever (102˚F) associated with local pain and tenderness. This febrile reaction disappeared within 24 to 48 hours.
    ContraindicationsView
    Hypersensitivity to penicillins
    PrecautionsView
    Patient with previous hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, history of allergy, asthma, seizure disorder. Not intended for IV or intra-arterial admin or inj near major peripheral nerves of blood vessels. Prolonged use may result in bacterial or fungal superinfection. Renal impairment.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been described.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B. Benzathine Penicillin should not be administered during pregnancy unless in the judgment of the physician such administration is clinically justifiable. Special care should be taken in the first three months of pregnancy.

    As penicillin appears in breast milk, it is probably best for a mother to stop breast-feeding while being given penicillin to avoid exposing the infant to the drug unnecessarily.
    StorageView
    Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

    Benzenod

    Rivastigmine Tartrate
    Capsule 1.5 mg Allopathic Drugs for Dementia

    Indications

    Dementia

    Indication detailsView
    Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Dementia
    PharmacologyView
    Rivastigmine is a carbamate derivative that is structurally related to physostigmine, but not to donepezil and tacrine. The precise mechanism of rivastigmine has not been fully determined, but it is suggested that rivastigmine binds reversibly with and inactivates chlolinesterase (eg. acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase), preventing the hydrolysis of acetycholine, and thus leading to an increased concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. The anticholinesterase activity of rivastigmine is relatively specific for brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared with those in peripheral tissues.
    DosageView
    Rivastigmine capsule-
    • Initial dose: Rivastigmine 1.5 mg twice a day.
    • Dose titration: The starting dose is Rivastigmine 1.5 mg twice a day. If this dose is well tolerated after a minimum of two weeks of treatment, the dose may be increased to Rivastigmine 3 mg twice a day. Subsequent increases to 4.5 mg and then 6 mg twice a day should also be based on good tolerability of the current dose and may be considered after a minimum of two weeks of treatment at that dose level.
    • Maintenance dose: The effective dose is 3 mg to 6 mg twice a day; to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit patients should be maintained on their highest well tolerated dose. The recommended maximum daily dose is 6 mg twice a day. Maintenance treatment can be continued for as long as a therapeutic benefit for the patient exists. 
    • Re-initiation of therapy: If treatment is interrupted for more than several days, it should be re-initiated at 1.5 mg twice daily. Dose titration should then be carried out as described above.
    Rivastigmine transdermal patch: Apply patch on intact skin for a 24-hour period; replace with a new patch every 24 hours.
    • Initial Dose: Initiate treatment with 4.6 mg/24 hours Rivastigmine transdermal patch.
    • Dose Titration: After a minimum of 4 weeks, if tolerated, increase dose to 9.5 mg/24 hours, which is the minimum effective dose. Following a minimum additional 4 weeks, may increase dosage to maximum dosage of 13.3 mg/24 hours.
    • Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia: Rivastigmine transdermal patch 9.5 mg/24 hours or 13.3 mg/24 hours once daily.
    • Severe Alzheimer’s Disease: Rivastigmine transdermal patch 13.3 mg/24 hours once daily.
    • For treatment interruption longer than 3 days, retitrate dosage starting at 4.6 mg per 24 hours.
    AdministrationView
    Rivastigmine should be administered twice a day, with morning and evening meals.
    Side effectsView
    The most commonly reported adverse reactions are gastrointestinal, including nausea (38%) and vomiting (23%), especially during titration. Female patients in clinical studies were found to be more susceptible than male patients to gastrointestinal adverse reactions and weight loss.
    ContraindicationsView
    The use of this medicinal product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the active substance or other carbamate derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients with sick sinus syndrome or conduction defects, resp diseases. Cholinergic stimulation may increase gastric acid secretion. May exacerbate urinary obstruction and seizures. Pregnancy. Renal impairment, mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Monitor body wt. Asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. May worsen extrapyramidal symptoms. Lactation.
    InteractionsView
    As a cholinesterase inhibitor, Rivastigmine may exaggerate the effects of succinylcholine-type muscle relaxants during anaesthesia. Caution is recommended when selecting anaesthetic agents. Possible dose adjustments or temporarily stopping treatment can be considered if needed. In view of its pharmacodynamic effects, rivastigmine should not be given concomitantly with other cholinomimetic substances and might interfere with the activity of anticholinergic medicinal products. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between rivastigmine and digoxin, warfarin, diazepam or fluoxetine in studies in healthy volunteers. The increase in prothrombin time induced by warfarin is not affected by administration of rivastigmine. No untoward effects on cardiac conduction were observed following concomitant administration of digoxin and Rivastigmine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    For Rivastigmine no clinical data are available. Rivastigmine should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. In animals, rivastigmine is excreted into milk. It is not known if rivastigmine is excreted into human milk. Therefore, women on rivastigmine should not breast-feed.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal and hepatic impairment: Due to increased exposure in moderate renal and mild to moderate hepatic impairment, dosing recommendations to titrate according to individual tolerability should be closely followed

    Use in children: Rivastigmine is not recommended for use in children.
    Overdose effectsView
    Most cases of accidental overdose have not been associated with any clinical signs or symptoms and almost all of the patients concerned continued rivastigmine treatment. Where symptoms have occurred, they have included nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, hypertension or hallucinations. Due to the known vagotonic effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on heart rate, bradycardia and/or syncope may also occur. Ingestion of 46 mg occurred in one case; following conservative management the patient fully recovered within 24 hours. As rivastigmine has a plasma half-life of about 1 hour and a duration of acetylcholinesterase inhibition of about 9 hours, it is recommended that in cases of asymptomatic overdose no further dose of rivastigmine should be administered for the next 24 hours. In overdose accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting, the use of antiemetics should be considered. Symptomatic treatment for other adverse reactions should be given as necessary. In massive overdose, atropine can be used. An initial dose of 0.03 mg/kg intravenous atropine sulphate is recommended, with subsequent doses based on clinical response. Use of scopolamine as an antidote is not recommended.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

    Benzenod

    Rivastigmine Tartrate
    Capsule 3 mg Allopathic Drugs for Dementia

    Indications

    Dementia

    Indication detailsView
    Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
    Therapeutic classView
    Drugs for Dementia
    PharmacologyView
    Rivastigmine is a carbamate derivative that is structurally related to physostigmine, but not to donepezil and tacrine. The precise mechanism of rivastigmine has not been fully determined, but it is suggested that rivastigmine binds reversibly with and inactivates chlolinesterase (eg. acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase), preventing the hydrolysis of acetycholine, and thus leading to an increased concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. The anticholinesterase activity of rivastigmine is relatively specific for brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared with those in peripheral tissues.
    DosageView
    Rivastigmine capsule-
    • Initial dose: Rivastigmine 1.5 mg twice a day.
    • Dose titration: The starting dose is Rivastigmine 1.5 mg twice a day. If this dose is well tolerated after a minimum of two weeks of treatment, the dose may be increased to Rivastigmine 3 mg twice a day. Subsequent increases to 4.5 mg and then 6 mg twice a day should also be based on good tolerability of the current dose and may be considered after a minimum of two weeks of treatment at that dose level.
    • Maintenance dose: The effective dose is 3 mg to 6 mg twice a day; to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit patients should be maintained on their highest well tolerated dose. The recommended maximum daily dose is 6 mg twice a day. Maintenance treatment can be continued for as long as a therapeutic benefit for the patient exists. 
    • Re-initiation of therapy: If treatment is interrupted for more than several days, it should be re-initiated at 1.5 mg twice daily. Dose titration should then be carried out as described above.
    Rivastigmine transdermal patch: Apply patch on intact skin for a 24-hour period; replace with a new patch every 24 hours.
    • Initial Dose: Initiate treatment with 4.6 mg/24 hours Rivastigmine transdermal patch.
    • Dose Titration: After a minimum of 4 weeks, if tolerated, increase dose to 9.5 mg/24 hours, which is the minimum effective dose. Following a minimum additional 4 weeks, may increase dosage to maximum dosage of 13.3 mg/24 hours.
    • Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia: Rivastigmine transdermal patch 9.5 mg/24 hours or 13.3 mg/24 hours once daily.
    • Severe Alzheimer’s Disease: Rivastigmine transdermal patch 13.3 mg/24 hours once daily.
    • For treatment interruption longer than 3 days, retitrate dosage starting at 4.6 mg per 24 hours.
    AdministrationView
    Rivastigmine should be administered twice a day, with morning and evening meals.
    Side effectsView
    The most commonly reported adverse reactions are gastrointestinal, including nausea (38%) and vomiting (23%), especially during titration. Female patients in clinical studies were found to be more susceptible than male patients to gastrointestinal adverse reactions and weight loss.
    ContraindicationsView
    The use of this medicinal product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the active substance or other carbamate derivatives.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients with sick sinus syndrome or conduction defects, resp diseases. Cholinergic stimulation may increase gastric acid secretion. May exacerbate urinary obstruction and seizures. Pregnancy. Renal impairment, mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Monitor body wt. Asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. May worsen extrapyramidal symptoms. Lactation.
    InteractionsView
    As a cholinesterase inhibitor, Rivastigmine may exaggerate the effects of succinylcholine-type muscle relaxants during anaesthesia. Caution is recommended when selecting anaesthetic agents. Possible dose adjustments or temporarily stopping treatment can be considered if needed. In view of its pharmacodynamic effects, rivastigmine should not be given concomitantly with other cholinomimetic substances and might interfere with the activity of anticholinergic medicinal products. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between rivastigmine and digoxin, warfarin, diazepam or fluoxetine in studies in healthy volunteers. The increase in prothrombin time induced by warfarin is not affected by administration of rivastigmine. No untoward effects on cardiac conduction were observed following concomitant administration of digoxin and Rivastigmine.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    For Rivastigmine no clinical data are available. Rivastigmine should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. In animals, rivastigmine is excreted into milk. It is not known if rivastigmine is excreted into human milk. Therefore, women on rivastigmine should not breast-feed.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal and hepatic impairment: Due to increased exposure in moderate renal and mild to moderate hepatic impairment, dosing recommendations to titrate according to individual tolerability should be closely followed

    Use in children: Rivastigmine is not recommended for use in children.
    Overdose effectsView
    Most cases of accidental overdose have not been associated with any clinical signs or symptoms and almost all of the patients concerned continued rivastigmine treatment. Where symptoms have occurred, they have included nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, hypertension or hallucinations. Due to the known vagotonic effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on heart rate, bradycardia and/or syncope may also occur. Ingestion of 46 mg occurred in one case; following conservative management the patient fully recovered within 24 hours. As rivastigmine has a plasma half-life of about 1 hour and a duration of acetylcholinesterase inhibition of about 9 hours, it is recommended that in cases of asymptomatic overdose no further dose of rivastigmine should be administered for the next 24 hours. In overdose accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting, the use of antiemetics should be considered. Symptomatic treatment for other adverse reactions should be given as necessary. In massive overdose, atropine can be used. An initial dose of 0.03 mg/kg intravenous atropine sulphate is recommended, with subsequent doses based on clinical response. Use of scopolamine as an antidote is not recommended.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

    Benzit

    Flupentixol + Melitracen
    Tablet 0.5 mg+10 mg Allopathic Combined anxiolytics & anti-depressant drugs

    Indications

    Psychosis

    Indication detailsView
    Flupentixol and Melitracen tablet is indicated in-
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Apathy
    • Psychogenic depression.
    • Depressive neurosses.
    • Masked depression.
    • Psychosomatic affections accompanied by anxiety and apathy.
    • Menopausal depressions.
    • Dysphoria and depression in alcoholics and drug addicts.
    Therapeutic classView
    Combined anxiolytics & anti-depressant drugs
    PharmacologyView
    This consists of two well known and well proven compounds: flupentixol-a neuroleptic with anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of its own when given in small doses, and melitracen-a bipolar thymoleptic with activating properties in low doses. In combination the compounds render a preparation with antidepressant, anxiolytic and activating properties. Maximal serum concentration is reached in about 4 hours after oral administration of flupentixol and in about 4 hours after oral administration of melitracen. The biological half-life of flupentixol is about 35 hours and that of melitracen is about 19 hours. The combination of flupentixol and melitracen does not seem to influence the pharmacokinetic properties of the individual compounds.
    DosageView
    Adults: Usually 2 tablets orally daily in the morning and noon. In severe cases, the morning dose may be increased to 2 tablets.

    Elderly patients: 1 tablet in the morning.

    Maintenance dose: Usually 1 tablet orally in the morning. In cases of insomnia or severe restlessness, additional treatment with a sedative in the acute phase is recommended.
    Side effectsView
    In the recommended doses side effects are rare. These could be transient restlessness and insomnia.
    ContraindicationsView
    • The immediate recovery phase after myocardial infarction.
    • Defects in bundle-branch conduction.
    • Untreated narrow-angle glaucoma.
    • Acute alcohol, barbiturate and opiate intoxications.
    • This tablet should not be given to patients who have received an MAO-inhibitor within two weeks.
    • Not recommended for excitable or overactive patients since its activating effect may lead to exaggeration of these characteristics.
    PrecautionsView
    If previously the patient has been treated with tranquillizers with sedative effect these should be withdrawn gradually.
    InteractionsView
    This tablet may enhance the response to alcohol, barbiturates and other CNS depressants. Simultaneous administration of MAO-inhibitors may cause hypertensive crises. Neuroleptics and thymoleptics reduce the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and similar acting compounds and thymoleptics enhance the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    This tablet should preferably not be given during pregnancy and lactation.
    Overdose effectsView
    In cases of overdosage the symptoms of intoxications by melitracen, especially of anticholinergic nature, dominate. More rarely extrapyramidal symptoms due to flupentixol occur. Symptomatic and Supportive. Gastric lavage should be carried out as soon as possible and activated charcoal may be administered. Measures aimed at supporting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems should be instituted. Epinephrine (adrenaline) must not be used for such patients. Convulsions may be treated with diazepam and extrapyramidal symptoms with biperiden.
    StorageView
    Store at a temperature not exceeding 30°C in a dry place. Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.