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    Bacmax

    Baclofen
    Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

    Indications

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    Indication detailsView
    Baclofen is indicated in-
    • spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis
    • flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus and muscular rigidity
    • skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders
    • spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases
    • cerebrovascular accidents or neoplastic or degenerative brain disease
    Therapeutic classView
    Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    PharmacologyView
    Baclofen inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level by stimulating the GABAB receptors, which inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate. It may also act at intraspinal sites producing CNS depression. Baclofen also exerts an antinociceptive effect.
    DosageView
    Adult & children over 10 years: 5 mg 3 times daily, preferably with or after food, gradually increased; max. 100 mg daily.

    Children <10 years    : Treatment is usually started with 2.5 mg (2.5 ml) given 4 times daily then raised according to requirement. Daily maintenance dose-
    • 12 month-2 years: 10-20 mg (10-20 ml)
    • 2 years-6 years: 20-30 mg (20-30 ml)
    • 6 years-10 years: 30-60 mg (30-60 ml)
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse reactions associated with Baclofen are transient drowsiness, daytime sedation, dizziness, weakness and fatigue.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache (<10%), insomnia (<10%), and rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, confusion, hallucinations, paraesthesia, nightmares, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, co-ordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizures, respiratory depression.
    • Cardiovascular: Hypotension (<10%), rare instances of dyspnoea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope.
    • Gastrointestinal: Nausea (approximately 10%), constipation (<10%) and rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and positive test for occult blood in stool.
    • Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (<10%) and rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, haematuria.
    • Other: Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle oedema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion, visual disturbances, hepatic function disorders and paradoxical increase in spasticity. Muscular hypotonia of a degree sufficient to make walking or movement difficult may occur but is usually relieved by readjusting the dosage. For this purpose, the daytime dosage may be reduced and the evening dosage increased.
    ContraindicationsView
    Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    • Lower doses (approximately 5 mg per day) should be used for patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing chronic haemodialysis.
    • Patients suffering not only from spasticity but also from psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, depressive or manic disorders or confusional states should be treated cautiously and closely monitored as exacerbations of these disorders may occur.
    • In patients with epilepsy and muscle spasticity, Baclofen may be used under appropriate supervision and provided that adequate anticonvulsive therapy is continued. Lowering of the convulsion threshold may occur and seizures have been reported after the cessation of Baclofen therapy or with overdose.
    • Baclofen should be used with caution in patients with or with a history of peptic ulcers, cerebrovascular diseases, or hepatic, renal or respiratory failure.
    • Careful monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular function is essential especially in patients with cardiopulmonary disease and respiratory muscle weakness.
    • During treatment with Baclofen, neurogenic disturbances affecting emptying of the bladder may improve. However in patients with preexisting sphincter hypertonia, acute retention of urine may occur. Baclofen should be used with caution in these circumstances.
    • Baclofen has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerance to the medicine.
    • Appropriate laboratory tests should be performed periodically in patients with hepatic diseases or diabetes mellitus to ensure that no medicine induced changes in these underlying diseases have occurred.
    InteractionsView
    • Increased sedation may occur if Baclofen is taken with agents acting on the central nervous system, alcohol or synthetic opiates. The risk of respiratory depression is also increased.
    • Combined treatment with Baclofen and antihypertensives is likely to increase the fall in blood pressure; therefore the dosage of antihypertensive medication should be adjusted accordingly.
    • The concomitant administration of Baclofen and tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate the pharmacological effects of Baclofen resulting in pronounced muscular hypotonia.
    • In patients with Parkinsons disease receiving treatment with Baclofen and levodopa and carbidopa, there have been several reports of mental confusion, hallucinations, headaches, nausea and agitation.
    • The concurrent use of MAO inhibitors and Baclofen may result in increased CNS depressant effects. Caution is advised and the dosage of one or both agents should be adjusted accordingly.
    • Caution should be exercised when administering Baclofen and magnesium sulphate or other neuromuscular blocking agents since a synergistic effect may theoretically occur.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B3. Safe use of Baclofen during pregnancy has not been established. Baclofen crosses the placental barrier. Baclofen should only be administered to pregnant women when in the judgement of the physician concludes that the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards. Baclofen is excreted in breast milk however evidence to date suggests that the quantities are so small that no undesirable effects on the infant would be expected.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric lavage is important in case of severe overdose.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bacnil

    Levofloxacin Hemihydrate
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic 4-Quinolone preparations

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Levofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of mild, moderate and severe infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated micro-organisms in the condition listed below:
    • Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.
    • Community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
    • Uncomplicated & complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
    • Acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli.
    • Uncomplicated & complicated skin and soft tissue infections including abscesses, cellulitis, furuncles, impetigo, pyoderma, wound infections, due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis or Enterococcus faecalis.
    • Enteric infections caused by Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter sp., Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Levofloxacin is a synthetic, broad-spectrum, third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Chemically, Levofloxacin is a chiral fluorinated carboxyquinolone. Levofloxacin exerts antibacterial action by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase, the enzymes required for DNA replication, transcription repair and recombination. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of gm-ve and gm+ve microorganisms.
    DosageView
    The usual dose of Levofloxacin Tablets is 250 mg or 500 mg or 750 mg administered orally every 24 hours. Levofloxacin tablets can be administered without regard to food. Levofloxacin oral solution should be taken 1 hour before, or  2 hours after eating.

    Levofloxacin injection should only be administered by intravenous infusion. It is not for intramuscular, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. The usual dose of Levofloxacin injection is 250 mg or 500 mg administered by slow infusion over 60 minutes every 24 hours or 750 mg administered by slow infusion over 90 minutes every 24 hours. Since the Levofloxacin injections are for single-use only, any unused portion should be discarded. Additives or other medications should not be added to Levofloxacin Injection or infused simultaneously through the same intravenous line.

    Adults:
    • Acute sinusitis: 500 mg once daily for 10-14 days, or 750 mg once daily for 5 days
    • Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 500 mg once daily for 7 days, or 750 mg once daily for 3 days (Uncomplicated), 750 mg once daily for 5 days (Complicated)
    • Community-acquired pneumonia: 500 mg once daily for 7-14 days, or 750 mg once daily for 5 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary-tract infections: 250 mg once daily for 3 days
    • Complicated urinary-tract infections and acute pyelonephritis: 250 mg once daily for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and soft-tissue infections: 500 mg once daily for 7-10 days.
    • Complicated skin and soft-tissue infections: 750 mg once daily for 7-14 days.
    • Enteric fever: 500 mg once daily for 7-14 days.
    • Diarrhea, cholera, shigellosis & enteritis: Mild to moderate case: 500 mg (single dose). Moderate to sever case: 500 mg once daily for 3 days
    Children:
    • Children 6 months to <5 years: 10 mg/kg every 12 hours.
    • Children >5 years: 10 mg/kg every 24 hours
    In each case, sequential therapy (intravenous to oral) may be instituted at the discretion of the physician.
    AdministrationView
    Instructions for the Use of Levofloxacin Infusion-
    • Check the container for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if the seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible containers in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of container.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend container from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Levoxin Injection.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set. Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp.
    Side effectsView
    Levofloxacin is generally well tolerated. However, a few side-effects can usually be seen. There is a risk of retinal detachment. Other side-effects include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence and rare occurrence of phototoxicity (0.1%). Side-effects that may be seen very rarely include tremors, depression, anxiety, confusion etc.
    ContraindicationsView
    Levofloxacin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, quinolone antimicrobial agents, or any other components of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    The following measures should be taken during administration of Levofloxacin:
    • Levofloxacin Injection should only be administered by slow intravenous infusion over a period of 60 or 90 minutes depending on the dosage.
    • While administrating Levofloxacin, adequate amount of water should be taken to avoid concentrated form of urine.
    • Dose adjustment should be exercised during Levofloxacin administration in presence of renal insufficiency.
    InteractionsView
    No quinolone should be co-administered with any solution containing multivalent cations, e.g., magnesium, through the same intravenous line. Antacids, Iron and Adsorbents reduce absorption of Levofloxacin. NSAID may increase the risk of CNS stimulation. Warfarin may increase the risk of bleeding.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Levofloxacin is not recommended for use during pregnancy or nursing, as the effects on the unborn child or nursing infant are unknown.
    Overdose effectsView
    Levofloxacin exhibits a low potential for acute toxicity. However, in the events of an acute overdosage, the stomach should be emptied. The patients should be kept under observation and appropriate hydration should be maintained.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bacofen

    Baclofen
    Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

    Indications

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    Indication detailsView
    Baclofen is indicated in-
    • spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis
    • flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus and muscular rigidity
    • skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders
    • spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases
    • cerebrovascular accidents or neoplastic or degenerative brain disease
    Therapeutic classView
    Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    PharmacologyView
    Baclofen inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level by stimulating the GABAB receptors, which inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate. It may also act at intraspinal sites producing CNS depression. Baclofen also exerts an antinociceptive effect.
    DosageView
    Adult & children over 10 years: 5 mg 3 times daily, preferably with or after food, gradually increased; max. 100 mg daily.

    Children <10 years    : Treatment is usually started with 2.5 mg (2.5 ml) given 4 times daily then raised according to requirement. Daily maintenance dose-
    • 12 month-2 years: 10-20 mg (10-20 ml)
    • 2 years-6 years: 20-30 mg (20-30 ml)
    • 6 years-10 years: 30-60 mg (30-60 ml)
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse reactions associated with Baclofen are transient drowsiness, daytime sedation, dizziness, weakness and fatigue.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache (<10%), insomnia (<10%), and rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, confusion, hallucinations, paraesthesia, nightmares, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, co-ordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizures, respiratory depression.
    • Cardiovascular: Hypotension (<10%), rare instances of dyspnoea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope.
    • Gastrointestinal: Nausea (approximately 10%), constipation (<10%) and rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and positive test for occult blood in stool.
    • Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (<10%) and rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, haematuria.
    • Other: Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle oedema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion, visual disturbances, hepatic function disorders and paradoxical increase in spasticity. Muscular hypotonia of a degree sufficient to make walking or movement difficult may occur but is usually relieved by readjusting the dosage. For this purpose, the daytime dosage may be reduced and the evening dosage increased.
    ContraindicationsView
    Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    • Lower doses (approximately 5 mg per day) should be used for patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing chronic haemodialysis.
    • Patients suffering not only from spasticity but also from psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, depressive or manic disorders or confusional states should be treated cautiously and closely monitored as exacerbations of these disorders may occur.
    • In patients with epilepsy and muscle spasticity, Baclofen may be used under appropriate supervision and provided that adequate anticonvulsive therapy is continued. Lowering of the convulsion threshold may occur and seizures have been reported after the cessation of Baclofen therapy or with overdose.
    • Baclofen should be used with caution in patients with or with a history of peptic ulcers, cerebrovascular diseases, or hepatic, renal or respiratory failure.
    • Careful monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular function is essential especially in patients with cardiopulmonary disease and respiratory muscle weakness.
    • During treatment with Baclofen, neurogenic disturbances affecting emptying of the bladder may improve. However in patients with preexisting sphincter hypertonia, acute retention of urine may occur. Baclofen should be used with caution in these circumstances.
    • Baclofen has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerance to the medicine.
    • Appropriate laboratory tests should be performed periodically in patients with hepatic diseases or diabetes mellitus to ensure that no medicine induced changes in these underlying diseases have occurred.
    InteractionsView
    • Increased sedation may occur if Baclofen is taken with agents acting on the central nervous system, alcohol or synthetic opiates. The risk of respiratory depression is also increased.
    • Combined treatment with Baclofen and antihypertensives is likely to increase the fall in blood pressure; therefore the dosage of antihypertensive medication should be adjusted accordingly.
    • The concomitant administration of Baclofen and tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate the pharmacological effects of Baclofen resulting in pronounced muscular hypotonia.
    • In patients with Parkinsons disease receiving treatment with Baclofen and levodopa and carbidopa, there have been several reports of mental confusion, hallucinations, headaches, nausea and agitation.
    • The concurrent use of MAO inhibitors and Baclofen may result in increased CNS depressant effects. Caution is advised and the dosage of one or both agents should be adjusted accordingly.
    • Caution should be exercised when administering Baclofen and magnesium sulphate or other neuromuscular blocking agents since a synergistic effect may theoretically occur.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B3. Safe use of Baclofen during pregnancy has not been established. Baclofen crosses the placental barrier. Baclofen should only be administered to pregnant women when in the judgement of the physician concludes that the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards. Baclofen is excreted in breast milk however evidence to date suggests that the quantities are so small that no undesirable effects on the infant would be expected.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric lavage is important in case of severe overdose.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bacofen

    Baclofen
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

    Indications

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    Indication detailsView
    Baclofen is indicated in-
    • spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis
    • flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus and muscular rigidity
    • skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders
    • spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases
    • cerebrovascular accidents or neoplastic or degenerative brain disease
    Therapeutic classView
    Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    PharmacologyView
    Baclofen inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level by stimulating the GABAB receptors, which inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate. It may also act at intraspinal sites producing CNS depression. Baclofen also exerts an antinociceptive effect.
    DosageView
    Adult & children over 10 years: 5 mg 3 times daily, preferably with or after food, gradually increased; max. 100 mg daily.

    Children <10 years    : Treatment is usually started with 2.5 mg (2.5 ml) given 4 times daily then raised according to requirement. Daily maintenance dose-
    • 12 month-2 years: 10-20 mg (10-20 ml)
    • 2 years-6 years: 20-30 mg (20-30 ml)
    • 6 years-10 years: 30-60 mg (30-60 ml)
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse reactions associated with Baclofen are transient drowsiness, daytime sedation, dizziness, weakness and fatigue.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache (<10%), insomnia (<10%), and rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, confusion, hallucinations, paraesthesia, nightmares, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, co-ordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizures, respiratory depression.
    • Cardiovascular: Hypotension (<10%), rare instances of dyspnoea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope.
    • Gastrointestinal: Nausea (approximately 10%), constipation (<10%) and rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and positive test for occult blood in stool.
    • Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (<10%) and rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, haematuria.
    • Other: Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle oedema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion, visual disturbances, hepatic function disorders and paradoxical increase in spasticity. Muscular hypotonia of a degree sufficient to make walking or movement difficult may occur but is usually relieved by readjusting the dosage. For this purpose, the daytime dosage may be reduced and the evening dosage increased.
    ContraindicationsView
    Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    • Lower doses (approximately 5 mg per day) should be used for patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing chronic haemodialysis.
    • Patients suffering not only from spasticity but also from psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, depressive or manic disorders or confusional states should be treated cautiously and closely monitored as exacerbations of these disorders may occur.
    • In patients with epilepsy and muscle spasticity, Baclofen may be used under appropriate supervision and provided that adequate anticonvulsive therapy is continued. Lowering of the convulsion threshold may occur and seizures have been reported after the cessation of Baclofen therapy or with overdose.
    • Baclofen should be used with caution in patients with or with a history of peptic ulcers, cerebrovascular diseases, or hepatic, renal or respiratory failure.
    • Careful monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular function is essential especially in patients with cardiopulmonary disease and respiratory muscle weakness.
    • During treatment with Baclofen, neurogenic disturbances affecting emptying of the bladder may improve. However in patients with preexisting sphincter hypertonia, acute retention of urine may occur. Baclofen should be used with caution in these circumstances.
    • Baclofen has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerance to the medicine.
    • Appropriate laboratory tests should be performed periodically in patients with hepatic diseases or diabetes mellitus to ensure that no medicine induced changes in these underlying diseases have occurred.
    InteractionsView
    • Increased sedation may occur if Baclofen is taken with agents acting on the central nervous system, alcohol or synthetic opiates. The risk of respiratory depression is also increased.
    • Combined treatment with Baclofen and antihypertensives is likely to increase the fall in blood pressure; therefore the dosage of antihypertensive medication should be adjusted accordingly.
    • The concomitant administration of Baclofen and tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate the pharmacological effects of Baclofen resulting in pronounced muscular hypotonia.
    • In patients with Parkinsons disease receiving treatment with Baclofen and levodopa and carbidopa, there have been several reports of mental confusion, hallucinations, headaches, nausea and agitation.
    • The concurrent use of MAO inhibitors and Baclofen may result in increased CNS depressant effects. Caution is advised and the dosage of one or both agents should be adjusted accordingly.
    • Caution should be exercised when administering Baclofen and magnesium sulphate or other neuromuscular blocking agents since a synergistic effect may theoretically occur.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B3. Safe use of Baclofen during pregnancy has not been established. Baclofen crosses the placental barrier. Baclofen should only be administered to pregnant women when in the judgement of the physician concludes that the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards. Baclofen is excreted in breast milk however evidence to date suggests that the quantities are so small that no undesirable effects on the infant would be expected.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric lavage is important in case of severe overdose.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bacron

    Mupirocin
    Ointment 2% w/w Allopathic Topical Antibiotic preparations

    Indications

    Superficial skin infections

    Indication detailsView
    Mupirocin ointment is indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo (skin diseases) due to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is also indicated in folliculitis, furunculosis.
    Therapeutic classView
    Topical Antibiotic preparations
    PharmacologyView
    Mupirocin is a naturally occurring antibiotic. This antibacterial agent is produced by fermentation using the organism Pseudomonas fluorescens. It is active against a wide range of bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains and Streptococcus pyogenes) those responsible for the majority of skin infections. It is also active against gram-negative pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Mupirocin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly and specifically binding to bacterial isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthetase.
    DosageView
    A small amount of Bactropen ointment should be applied to the affected area 3 times daily for up to 10 days. The safety and effectiveness of Mupirocin ointment have been established in the age range of 2 months to 16 years.
    Side effectsView
    Reported side effects are burning, stinging or pain, itching and some patient may be suffered rash, nausea, erythema, dry skin, tenderness, swelling, contact dermatitis and increased exudate.
    ContraindicationsView
    The drug is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to Mupirocin or any of the components of the preparation.
    PrecautionsView
    Mupirocin ointment is not for ophthalmic or intra-nasal use. As with other antibacterial products, prolonged use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. When Mupirocin is used on the face care should be taken to avoid the eyes. This is not suitable in conjunction with cannulae and at the site of central venous cannulation. In the event of a sensitization or severe local irritation from Mupirocin ointment, usage should be discontinued and appropriate alternative therapy for the infection instituted. Mixing of Mupirocin ointment with other preparations causes risk of dilution, resulting in a reduction of the antibacterial activity and potential loss of stability of the Mupirocin in the ointment.
    InteractionsView
    No drug interaction has been identified with Mupirocin ointment.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Reproduction studies on Mupirocin ointment in animals have revealed no evidence of harm to the foetus. As there is no clinical experience on it’s use during pregnancy, Mupirocin ointment should only be used in pregnancy when the potential benefits outweigh the possible risks of treatment.

    It is unknown whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Mupirocin ointment is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    There is currently limited data with overdose of Mupirocin ointment. In the event of overdose, the patient should be treated supportively with appropriate monitoring as necessary.
    StorageView
    Keep below 25° C temperature, protected from light and moisture. Do not keep in freeze. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactab

    Baclofen
    Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

    Indications

    Trigeminal neuralgia

    Indication detailsView
    Baclofen is indicated in-
    • spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis
    • flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus and muscular rigidity
    • skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders
    • spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases
    • cerebrovascular accidents or neoplastic or degenerative brain disease
    Therapeutic classView
    Centrally acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    PharmacologyView
    Baclofen inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level by stimulating the GABAB receptors, which inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate. It may also act at intraspinal sites producing CNS depression. Baclofen also exerts an antinociceptive effect.
    DosageView
    Adult & children over 10 years: 5 mg 3 times daily, preferably with or after food, gradually increased; max. 100 mg daily.

    Children <10 years    : Treatment is usually started with 2.5 mg (2.5 ml) given 4 times daily then raised according to requirement. Daily maintenance dose-
    • 12 month-2 years: 10-20 mg (10-20 ml)
    • 2 years-6 years: 20-30 mg (20-30 ml)
    • 6 years-10 years: 30-60 mg (30-60 ml)
    Side effectsView
    The most common adverse reactions associated with Baclofen are transient drowsiness, daytime sedation, dizziness, weakness and fatigue.
    • Central Nervous System: Headache (<10%), insomnia (<10%), and rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, confusion, hallucinations, paraesthesia, nightmares, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, co-ordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizures, respiratory depression.
    • Cardiovascular: Hypotension (<10%), rare instances of dyspnoea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope.
    • Gastrointestinal: Nausea (approximately 10%), constipation (<10%) and rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and positive test for occult blood in stool.
    • Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (<10%) and rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, haematuria.
    • Other: Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle oedema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion, visual disturbances, hepatic function disorders and paradoxical increase in spasticity. Muscular hypotonia of a degree sufficient to make walking or movement difficult may occur but is usually relieved by readjusting the dosage. For this purpose, the daytime dosage may be reduced and the evening dosage increased.
    ContraindicationsView
    Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
    PrecautionsView
    • Lower doses (approximately 5 mg per day) should be used for patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing chronic haemodialysis.
    • Patients suffering not only from spasticity but also from psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, depressive or manic disorders or confusional states should be treated cautiously and closely monitored as exacerbations of these disorders may occur.
    • In patients with epilepsy and muscle spasticity, Baclofen may be used under appropriate supervision and provided that adequate anticonvulsive therapy is continued. Lowering of the convulsion threshold may occur and seizures have been reported after the cessation of Baclofen therapy or with overdose.
    • Baclofen should be used with caution in patients with or with a history of peptic ulcers, cerebrovascular diseases, or hepatic, renal or respiratory failure.
    • Careful monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular function is essential especially in patients with cardiopulmonary disease and respiratory muscle weakness.
    • During treatment with Baclofen, neurogenic disturbances affecting emptying of the bladder may improve. However in patients with preexisting sphincter hypertonia, acute retention of urine may occur. Baclofen should be used with caution in these circumstances.
    • Baclofen has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerance to the medicine.
    • Appropriate laboratory tests should be performed periodically in patients with hepatic diseases or diabetes mellitus to ensure that no medicine induced changes in these underlying diseases have occurred.
    InteractionsView
    • Increased sedation may occur if Baclofen is taken with agents acting on the central nervous system, alcohol or synthetic opiates. The risk of respiratory depression is also increased.
    • Combined treatment with Baclofen and antihypertensives is likely to increase the fall in blood pressure; therefore the dosage of antihypertensive medication should be adjusted accordingly.
    • The concomitant administration of Baclofen and tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate the pharmacological effects of Baclofen resulting in pronounced muscular hypotonia.
    • In patients with Parkinsons disease receiving treatment with Baclofen and levodopa and carbidopa, there have been several reports of mental confusion, hallucinations, headaches, nausea and agitation.
    • The concurrent use of MAO inhibitors and Baclofen may result in increased CNS depressant effects. Caution is advised and the dosage of one or both agents should be adjusted accordingly.
    • Caution should be exercised when administering Baclofen and magnesium sulphate or other neuromuscular blocking agents since a synergistic effect may theoretically occur.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Pregnancy category B3. Safe use of Baclofen during pregnancy has not been established. Baclofen crosses the placental barrier. Baclofen should only be administered to pregnant women when in the judgement of the physician concludes that the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards. Baclofen is excreted in breast milk however evidence to date suggests that the quantities are so small that no undesirable effects on the infant would be expected.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric lavage is important in case of severe overdose.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactacef

    Cephradine
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Bactacef

    Cephradine
    Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Bactacef DS

    Cephradine
    Powder for Suspension 250 mg/5 ml Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Cephradine is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These include-
    • Undesirable Upper respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis and otitis media, and also
    • Lower respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (acute and chronic), lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.
    • Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis and impetigo.
    The following microorganisms are susceptible, in vitro to Cephradine:
    • Gram-positive: Staphylococci (both penicillin sensitive and resistant strains and penicillinase-producing species), Streptococci, Streptococci pyogenes (beta haemolytic), Streptococcus pneumonia.
    • Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenza, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp (including Salmonella typhi), Neisseria spp Many strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus that produce the enzyme penicillinase and thus are ampicillin resistant, are susceptible to Cephradine which is unaffected by this enzyme.
    Therapeutic classView
    First generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cephradine is a semisynthetic broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, it is active against infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Both penicillinase producing and nonproducing staphylococci are sensitive to Cephradine. The main site of action of Cephradine is the cell wall of bacteria. Cell wall of sensitive organism contains peptidoglycan. Cephradine inhibits cross-linking process and as a result cell wall with many pores are formed, thus lysis of bacteria occur due to external osmotic pressure.
    DosageView
    For oral administration-
    Adults:
    • Urinary tract infections: 500mg four times daily or 1g twice daily. Infections which are severe or chronic may necessitate the administration of higher doses. Where complications arise including prostatitis and epididymitis continued intensive treatment is required.
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: 250 to 500mg four times daily or 500mg to 1g twice daily, again dependent on the site and severity of the infection.
    Children:
    • Total daily dose of 25 to 50mg/kg given in two or four equally divided doses.
    • Otitis media: Total daily dose of 75 to 100mg/kg given in divided doses 6 to 12 hourly.
    • Maximum daily dosage: 4 gm
    Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate. Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be monitored during treatment.

    For injectable administration-
    • Adult: The usual dose is 2-4 gm daily in four equally divided doses up to 8 gm daily. For prophylaxis a single preoperative dose of 1-2 gm intramuscularly or intravenously is given.
    • Children: The dose is 50-100 mg/kg daily in four equally divided doses, up to 300 mg/kg daily in severe infection.
    Side effectsView
    Limited essentially to gastro-intestinal disturbances and on occasions to hypersensitivity phenomena. The latter are more likely to occur in individuals, who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and thos with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever or urticaria. Skin reactions have occasionally been reported. Rare- Glossitis, heartburn, dizziness, tightness in the chest, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, candida overgrowth. Skin and hypersensitivity reactions include urticaria, skin rashes, joint pains, oedema.
    • Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Unknown: blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia)
    • Immune system disorders- Unknown: Fever, serum sickness like reactions, anaphylaxis
    • Psychiatric disorders- Unknown: Confusion, sleep disturbances
    • Nervous system disorders- Unknown: hyperactivity, hypertonia, dizziness, nervousness; Rarely: Headache
    • Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Liver, enzyme disturbances, transient hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice
    • Renal and urinary disorders- Unknown: Reversible interstitial nephritis
    • Investigations- Unknown: Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cephradine should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    • Prolonged use of an anti-infective may result in the development of superinfection due to the emergence of resistant organisms.
    • Cephradine should be administered with care to patients hypersensitive to penicillins because of the risk of cross-sensitivity between beta-lactam antibiotics.
    • Cephalosporin antibiotics may cause a positive result in Coombs’ testing. When Coombs testing is performed on neonates whose mothers received cephalosporins prior to labour, it should be noted that a positive result may be due to the drug.
    • Cephradine may cause a false positive urine glucose result when Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions or tablets such as Clinitest are used in the testing. This does not occur with enzyme-based tests (e.g. Clinistix, Diastix).
    • Dosage adjustment is necessary in renal impairment.
    • This product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
    InteractionsView
    The concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides with Cefradine may increase the risk of kidney damage. Diuretics (e.g. frusemide, ethacrynic acid) and probenecid enhanced the possibility of renal toxicity.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    Although animal studies have not demonstrated any teratogenicity, safety in pregnancy has not been established. Cephradine is excreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in lactating mothers. Since the medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles.
    Pediatric usageView
    Renal Impairment: The following doses are recommended (based on 500 mg every 6 hours) for patients not on haemodialysis:
    • CrCl: >20 ml/min: 500 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: 5-20 ml/min: 250 mg every 6 hours
    • CrCl: <5 ml/min: 250 mg every 50-70 hours.
    Recommendations for patients on chronic, intermittent haemodialysis:
    • 250 mg at the start of haemodialysis
    • 250 mg 6 to 12 hours after the start
    • 250 mg 36 to 48 hours after the start
    • 250 mg at the start of the next haemodialysis session if more than 30 hours have elapsed since the last dose.
    Additional Information for all patients Regardless of patient age or weight, higher doses of up to 1 gm four times daily may be required for infections which are chronic or severe. Treatment should continue for at least 2 to 3 days after symptoms have resolved or bacteria have been eradicated. To reduce the possibility of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis resulting from infections with haemolytic streptococci, treatment should be continued for at least 10 days. Throughout treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and for several months thereafter, regular bacteriological and clinical monitoring is required.

    Doses below those recommended above should not be prescribed. Paediatric dosages should not exceed those specified for adults, regardless of severity of infection. It may be necessary to continue Cephradine therapy for several weeks in persistent infections. Patients may be transferred from intramuscular/intravenous Cephradine therapy to oral treatment at the same dosage level.
    Overdose effectsView
    The symptoms of Sefrad overdose are non-specific and are generally nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastric upsets. Treatment is mainly supportive although gastric lavage will be necessary if a large amount has been ingested.
    StorageView
    Cephradine Suspension should be freshly prepared. Reconstituted Suspension should be used within 7 days if kept at room temperature or within 14 days, if kept in a refrigerator. Cephradine Injection solutions should be used within 2 hours when kept at room temperature. When stored at 5°C, solutions retain potency for 12 hours. Reconstituted solutions may vary in colour from light to straw yellow; however, this does not affect the potency. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician

    Bactamox

    Amoxicillin Trihydrate
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Broad spectrum penicillins

    Indications

    Skin and skin sructure infections

    Indication detailsView
    Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible ß-lactamase negative strains of microorganisms. These infections include
    • Ear, nose and throat infections (i.e. otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis)
    • Skin and soft tissue infections (i.e. cellulitis, carbuncles, furunculosis, infected wounds, abscess)
    • Genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis)
    • Venereal disease (i.e. acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea)
    • In dental abscess, it is used as short-term therapy.
    • It is also indicated in combination with Clarithromycin and Lansoprazole (as triple therapy), for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease and to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
    Therapeutic classView
    Broad spectrum penicillins
    PharmacologyView
    Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum penicillin. It is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall. Amoxicillin is stable in the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After an oral dose, peak plasma concentration of Amoxicillin is reached within 1 to 2 hours. Amoxicillin is widely distributed at varying concentration in body tissues and fluids.
    DosageView
    Adult: 250 mg three times daily, increasing up to 500 mg three times daily for severe infections.

    Children (up to 10 years of age) : 125 mg three times daily, increasing up to 250 mg three times daily for severe infections.
    • Severe or recurrent purulent respiratory infection: 3 gm every 12 hours.
    • Otitis media: Recommended dose is 1 g three times daily for adult and 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided doses for children (max. 3 g daily).
    • Pneumonia: Recommended dose is 500-1000 mg three times daily.
    • Dental abscess: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Urinary tract infections: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Gonorrhoea: Single dose of 2-3 gm with Probenecid 1 gm is recommended (Probenecid is contraindicated in children under 2 years).
    • In renal impairment: it may be necessary to reduce the total daily dosage.
    AdministrationView
    Reconstituted suspension can be administered by adding the required amount of suspension to milk, fruit juice, water. These preparations should then be taken immediately.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects are mild and transient in nature. This may include diarrhoea, indigestion or occasionally rash. Pseudo-membranous colitis has been reported rarely.
    ContraindicationsView
    Amoxicillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.
    PrecautionsView
    The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur, Amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent use of Amoxicillin and Probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Amoxicillin is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin is administered to a lactating mother.
    ReconstitutionView
    Amoxycillin 500 mg Injection:
    • Intramuscular: Add 2.5 ml water for injection to Amoxycillin 500 mg injection vial.
    • Intravenous: Dissolve Amoxycillin 500 mg injection in 10 ml water for injection.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactamox

    Amoxicillin Trihydrate
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Broad spectrum penicillins

    Indications

    Skin and skin sructure infections

    Indication detailsView
    Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible ß-lactamase negative strains of microorganisms. These infections include
    • Ear, nose and throat infections (i.e. otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis)
    • Skin and soft tissue infections (i.e. cellulitis, carbuncles, furunculosis, infected wounds, abscess)
    • Genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis)
    • Venereal disease (i.e. acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea)
    • In dental abscess, it is used as short-term therapy.
    • It is also indicated in combination with Clarithromycin and Lansoprazole (as triple therapy), for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease and to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
    Therapeutic classView
    Broad spectrum penicillins
    PharmacologyView
    Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum penicillin. It is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall. Amoxicillin is stable in the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After an oral dose, peak plasma concentration of Amoxicillin is reached within 1 to 2 hours. Amoxicillin is widely distributed at varying concentration in body tissues and fluids.
    DosageView
    Adult: 250 mg three times daily, increasing up to 500 mg three times daily for severe infections.

    Children (up to 10 years of age) : 125 mg three times daily, increasing up to 250 mg three times daily for severe infections.
    • Severe or recurrent purulent respiratory infection: 3 gm every 12 hours.
    • Otitis media: Recommended dose is 1 g three times daily for adult and 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided doses for children (max. 3 g daily).
    • Pneumonia: Recommended dose is 500-1000 mg three times daily.
    • Dental abscess: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Urinary tract infections: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Gonorrhoea: Single dose of 2-3 gm with Probenecid 1 gm is recommended (Probenecid is contraindicated in children under 2 years).
    • In renal impairment: it may be necessary to reduce the total daily dosage.
    AdministrationView
    Reconstituted suspension can be administered by adding the required amount of suspension to milk, fruit juice, water. These preparations should then be taken immediately.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects are mild and transient in nature. This may include diarrhoea, indigestion or occasionally rash. Pseudo-membranous colitis has been reported rarely.
    ContraindicationsView
    Amoxicillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.
    PrecautionsView
    The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur, Amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent use of Amoxicillin and Probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Amoxicillin is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin is administered to a lactating mother.
    ReconstitutionView
    Amoxycillin 500 mg Injection:
    • Intramuscular: Add 2.5 ml water for injection to Amoxycillin 500 mg injection vial.
    • Intravenous: Dissolve Amoxycillin 500 mg injection in 10 ml water for injection.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactamox

    Amoxicillin Trihydrate
    Pediatric Drops 125 mg/1.25 ml Allopathic Broad spectrum penicillins

    Indications

    Skin and skin sructure infections

    Indication detailsView
    Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible ß-lactamase negative strains of microorganisms. These infections include
    • Ear, nose and throat infections (i.e. otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis)
    • Skin and soft tissue infections (i.e. cellulitis, carbuncles, furunculosis, infected wounds, abscess)
    • Genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis)
    • Venereal disease (i.e. acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea)
    • In dental abscess, it is used as short-term therapy.
    • It is also indicated in combination with Clarithromycin and Lansoprazole (as triple therapy), for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease and to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
    Therapeutic classView
    Broad spectrum penicillins
    PharmacologyView
    Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum penicillin. It is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall. Amoxicillin is stable in the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After an oral dose, peak plasma concentration of Amoxicillin is reached within 1 to 2 hours. Amoxicillin is widely distributed at varying concentration in body tissues and fluids.
    DosageView
    Adult: 250 mg three times daily, increasing up to 500 mg three times daily for severe infections.

    Children (up to 10 years of age) : 125 mg three times daily, increasing up to 250 mg three times daily for severe infections.
    • Severe or recurrent purulent respiratory infection: 3 gm every 12 hours.
    • Otitis media: Recommended dose is 1 g three times daily for adult and 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided doses for children (max. 3 g daily).
    • Pneumonia: Recommended dose is 500-1000 mg three times daily.
    • Dental abscess: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Urinary tract infections: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Gonorrhoea: Single dose of 2-3 gm with Probenecid 1 gm is recommended (Probenecid is contraindicated in children under 2 years).
    • In renal impairment: it may be necessary to reduce the total daily dosage.
    AdministrationView
    Reconstituted suspension can be administered by adding the required amount of suspension to milk, fruit juice, water. These preparations should then be taken immediately.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects are mild and transient in nature. This may include diarrhoea, indigestion or occasionally rash. Pseudo-membranous colitis has been reported rarely.
    ContraindicationsView
    Amoxicillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.
    PrecautionsView
    The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur, Amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent use of Amoxicillin and Probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Amoxicillin is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin is administered to a lactating mother.
    ReconstitutionView
    Amoxycillin 500 mg Injection:
    • Intramuscular: Add 2.5 ml water for injection to Amoxycillin 500 mg injection vial.
    • Intravenous: Dissolve Amoxycillin 500 mg injection in 10 ml water for injection.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactamox

    Amoxicillin Trihydrate
    Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Broad spectrum penicillins

    Indications

    Skin and skin sructure infections

    Indication detailsView
    Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible ß-lactamase negative strains of microorganisms. These infections include
    • Ear, nose and throat infections (i.e. otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis)
    • Skin and soft tissue infections (i.e. cellulitis, carbuncles, furunculosis, infected wounds, abscess)
    • Genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis)
    • Venereal disease (i.e. acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea)
    • In dental abscess, it is used as short-term therapy.
    • It is also indicated in combination with Clarithromycin and Lansoprazole (as triple therapy), for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease and to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
    Therapeutic classView
    Broad spectrum penicillins
    PharmacologyView
    Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum penicillin. It is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall. Amoxicillin is stable in the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After an oral dose, peak plasma concentration of Amoxicillin is reached within 1 to 2 hours. Amoxicillin is widely distributed at varying concentration in body tissues and fluids.
    DosageView
    Adult: 250 mg three times daily, increasing up to 500 mg three times daily for severe infections.

    Children (up to 10 years of age) : 125 mg three times daily, increasing up to 250 mg three times daily for severe infections.
    • Severe or recurrent purulent respiratory infection: 3 gm every 12 hours.
    • Otitis media: Recommended dose is 1 g three times daily for adult and 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided doses for children (max. 3 g daily).
    • Pneumonia: Recommended dose is 500-1000 mg three times daily.
    • Dental abscess: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Urinary tract infections: Recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
    • Gonorrhoea: Single dose of 2-3 gm with Probenecid 1 gm is recommended (Probenecid is contraindicated in children under 2 years).
    • In renal impairment: it may be necessary to reduce the total daily dosage.
    AdministrationView
    Reconstituted suspension can be administered by adding the required amount of suspension to milk, fruit juice, water. These preparations should then be taken immediately.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects are mild and transient in nature. This may include diarrhoea, indigestion or occasionally rash. Pseudo-membranous colitis has been reported rarely.
    ContraindicationsView
    Amoxicillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.
    PrecautionsView
    The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur, Amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent use of Amoxicillin and Probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Amoxicillin is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin is administered to a lactating mother.
    ReconstitutionView
    Amoxycillin 500 mg Injection:
    • Intramuscular: Add 2.5 ml water for injection to Amoxycillin 500 mg injection vial.
    • Intravenous: Dissolve Amoxycillin 500 mg injection in 10 ml water for injection.
    StorageView
    Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactazim

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Capsule 200 mg Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactazim

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactazim

    Cefixime Trihydrate
    Capsule 400 mg Allopathic Third generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urethritis

    Indication detailsView
    Cefixime is indicated in the treatment of the following infections when caused by the susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
    • Otitis Media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea (cervical/urethral) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Therapeutic classView
    Third generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefixime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. It is bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria at easily achievable plasma concentrations. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is highly stable in the presence of Beta-lactamase enzyme. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalsporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to Cefixime. Absorption of it is about 40% to 50% whether administered with or without food.
    DosageView
    The usual course of treatment is 7 days. This may be continued for up to 14 days depending on the severity of the infection.

    Adult and children over 12 years: The recommended adult dose is 200-400 mg (1 to 2 capsules) daily, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of Cefixime 400 mg is recommended.

    Children (6 month or older): Usually 8 mg/kg/day given as a single dose or in two divided doses or may be given as following
    • ½-1 year: 75 mg daily.
    • 1-4 years: 100 mg daily.
    • 5-10 years: 200 mg daily.
    • 11-12 years: 300 mg daily
    • In typhoid fever, dosage should be 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
    Children (under 6 month): The safety and efficacy of Cefixime has not been established in children aged less than 6 months.
    Side effectsView
    The drug is generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are diarrhoea and stool changes; that have been more commonly associated with higher doses. Other side effects are nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, headache and dizziness. Allergies in the form of rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever and arthralgia have been reported. These reactions usually subsided upon dicontinuation of therapy.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to Cefixime or other cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    The drug should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be given with caution in patients with marked impaired renal function as well as those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Dosage adjustment is only necessary in severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min), in that case a dose of 200 mg once daily should not be exceeded.
    InteractionsView
    Carbamazepine: Concomitant use elevates the carbamazepine level. Warfarin and other anticoagulants: Concomitant use increases prothrombin time.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known that Cefixime is excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefixime is administered to a nursing woman.
    Overdose effectsView
    Gastric Lavage may be indicated; otherwise, no specific antidote exists. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Adverse reactions in small numbers of healthy adult volunteers receiving single doses up to 2 g of Cefixime did not differ from the profile seen in patients treated at the recommended doses.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30ºC temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactikil

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactikil

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Powder for Suspension 125 mg/5 ml Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactikil

    Cefuroxime Axetil
    Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Second generation Cephalosporins

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non beta-lactamase producing strains)
    • Lower respiratory tract infections including pneumoniae, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and Secondary bacterial infections of Acute bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains) or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains).
    • Skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Urinary tract infections caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    • Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
    • Gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Early Lyme Disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
    Therapeutic classView
    Second generation Cephalosporins
    PharmacologyView
    Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective antibacterial agent, which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a wide range of common pathogens, including β-lactamase producing strains. Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial β-lactamase and consequently, is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxycillin-resistant strains.
    DosageView

    Tablet or Suspension-

    Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)-
    • Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days
    • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days
    • Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg Single dose
    • Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days
    • MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days
    • Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days
    Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)-
    • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days
    • Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days
    • Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days

    Parenteral-

    • Adult: 750 mg three times daily by IM or IV injection. In severe infections, dose can be increased upto 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection. The frequency may be increased to four times daily, if necessary, giving total daily doses of 3 to 6 gms.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 3 or 4 equally divided doses. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day is appropriate for most infections.
    • Neonate: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day given in 2 or 3 equally divided doses.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 gm by IV injection at induction of anaesthesia; up to 3 further doses of 750 mg may be given by IV/IM injection every 8 hours for high risk procedures.
    • Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 7-10 days.

    • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis      : 750 mg twice daily (IM or IV injection) for 2-3 days, followed by 500 mg twice daily (oral) for 5-10 days. (Duration of both parenteral and oral therapy is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical status of the patient.)
    • In Gonorrhoea: Adult: 1.5 gm as a single dose (as 2 x 750mg injections intramuscularly with different sites, e.g. each buttock).
    In Meningitis:
    • Adult: 3 gm IV injection three times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 200-240 mg/kg/day by IV injection in 3 or 4 divided doses reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days or on clinical improvement.
    • Neonate: 100 mg/kg/day by IV injection at initial dose, reduced to 50 mg/kg/day, When clinically indicated.
    In bone and joint infections:
    • Adult: 1.5 gm IV injection four times daily.
    • Children (above 3 months of age): 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dose) in equally divided doses every 8 hours.
    AdministrationView
    The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C
    Side effectsView
    Adverse effects to Cefuroxime have occurred infrequently and have been generally mild and transient in nature. Effects reported include rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with other antibiotics, prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non susceptible organisms e.g. Candida.
    ContraindicationsView
    Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Cephalosporins.
    PrecautionsView
    Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis. Cephalosporin antibiotics may in general be given safely to patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin although cross reactions have reported. Cefuroxime has shown, that is not likely to be a problem at the recommended to dose levels.
    InteractionsView
    No potentially hazardous interactions have been reported.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    US FDA pregnancy category of Cefuroxime is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Cefuroxime is administered to a nursing woman.
    ReconstitutionView
    For 750 mg intramuscular injection: Add 3 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion.

    For 750 mg intravenous injection: Add 8 ml water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.

    For 1.5 g intravenous injection: Add 16 ml Water for injection to vial and then shake gently for dispersion. The solution should be slowly injected directly into a vein over a 3 to 5 minutes period.
    StorageView
    Store in a cool, dry place (below 30o C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Bactin

    Ciprofloxacin
    Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs

    Indications

    Urinary tract infection

    Indication detailsView
    Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections,Urinary tract infections, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera), Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Prostatitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Gonorrhea, Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection, Meningitis, Surgical prophylaxis.
    Therapeutic classView
    4-Quinolone preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial drugs
    PharmacologyView
    Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone. It has bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by binding with the bacterial enzyme-DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA supercoiling.
    DosageView
    Tablet: Adult:
    • Respiratory Tract Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Urinary tract infections: 250 to 750 mg twice daily (3 to 10 days)
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (14 days)
    • Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg twice daily (1 to 5 days)
    • Typhoid fever: 500 mg twice daily (7 days)
    • Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (5 to 14 days)
    • Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (2 to 6 weeks)
    • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (7 to 14 days)
    • Bone and Joint Infections: 500 to 750 mg twice daily (max. 3 months)
    • Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
    • Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg twice daily co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
    • Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, 60 minutes before the procedure.
    Suspension: Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg (max. 750 mg) twice daily (10 to 21 days). The duration of therapy depends on the type and severity of the infection.

    Extended-release tablet: In uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose of extended-release tablet is 1000 mg tablet once daily for three days.

    For IV infusion:
    • Urinary Tract Infection: Mild to Moderate: 200 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Lower Respiratory Tract infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Nosocomial Pneumonia: Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg 8 hourly for 10-14 days
    • Skin and Skin Structure: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days; Severe or Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Bone and Joint Infection: Mild to Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for more than 4-6 weeks; Severe/Complicated: 400 mg 8 hourly for more than 4-6weeks
    • Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen): Complicated: 400 mg 12 hourly for 7-14 days
    • Acute Sinusitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
    • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: Mild/Moderate: 400 mg 12 hourly for 28 Days.
    AdministrationView
    Instruction for the use of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion-
    • Check the bag for minute leaks by squeezing the inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, or if seal is not intact, discard the solution.
    • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present.
    • Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
    • Close flow control clamp of administration set.
    • Remove cover from port at bottom of bag.
    • Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
    • Suspend bag from hanger.
    • Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber during infusion of Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.
    • Open flow control clamp to expel air from set.Close clamp.
    • Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp
    Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection, clinical response and bacteriological findings. For acute infections the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days. Generally treatment should be continued for 3 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have been disappeared.
    Side effectsView
    Side effects include- nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, joint pain and skin rashes.
    ContraindicationsView
    It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
    PrecautionsView
    Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. It should be used with caution in patients with suspected or known CNS disorders such as epilepsy or other factors which predispose to seizures and convulsion. Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia.
    InteractionsView
    Concurrent administration of Ciprofloxacin should be avoided with Magnesium or Aluminum containing antacids or sucralfate or with other products containing Calcium, Iron or Zinc. These products may be taken two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken concurrently with milk or other dairy products, since absorption of Ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. Dietary calcium is a part of a meal, however, does not significantly affect the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
    Pregnancy & lactationView
    There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and mother. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, Ciprofloxacin should not be used during lactation.
    Pediatric usageView
    Although effective in clinical trials, Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in pediatric population.
    Overdose effectsView
    Overdose following Ciprofloxacin administration may lead to seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria, haematuria, & reversible renal toxicity.
    StorageView
    Keep below 30°C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.