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Acelex

Cephalexin

Capsule 500 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.

Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.

DosageView

Adult:

The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.

Children: The dosage range is 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses to a maximum of 4 g daily

Children's Weight Recommended Dose:

10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid

For streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections and in patients over 1 year of age the total daily dose may be divided and administered every 12 hour. In the therapy of otitis media 75-100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses may be required. In the treatment of β haemolytic streptococcal infections a therapeutic dosage of the drug should be given at least for 10 days.

Side effectsView

Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.

ContraindicationsView

Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

StorageView

Should be stored in cool and dry place.

Acelex

Cephalexin

Capsule 250 mg Allopathic First generation Cephalosporins

Indications

Urinary tract infection

Indication detailsView

Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms.

Respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis and infected bronchiectasis.
Genito-urinary tract infections: Acute and chronic nephritis, cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis, prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Skin and soft tissue infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Ear, Nose and Throat infections: Otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, follicular tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
Bone infections: Caused by staphylococci and/or P. mirabilis.

Therapeutic classView

First generation Cephalosporins

PharmacologyView

Cephalexin is a semisynthetic analogue of Cephalosporin C. It kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with mechanical stability. The final stage in the synthesis of peptidoglycan involves the completion of the cross-linking and the terminal glycine residue of the Pentaglycine Bridge is linked to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (d-alanin). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. As a result the bacterial cell wall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin that is active by mouth.

DosageView

Adult:

The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hour.
For skin and soft tissue infections, streptococcal pharyngitis and uncomplicated cystitis, in patients over 15 years of age: 500 mg of the drug may be administered every 12 hour.
In severe or deep seated infections the dose can be increased up to 3 g to 6 g daily.

Children: The dosage range is 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses to a maximum of 4 g daily

Children's Weight Recommended Dose:

10 kg (22 Ibs): 62.5 mg to 125 mg qid or 125 mg to 250 mg bid
20 kg (44 Ibs): 125 mg to 250 mg qid or 250 mg to 500 mg bid
40 kg (88 Ibs): 250 mg to 500 mg qid or 500 mg to 1 g bid

For streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections and in patients over 1 year of age the total daily dose may be divided and administered every 12 hour. In the therapy of otitis media 75-100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses may be required. In the treatment of β haemolytic streptococcal infections a therapeutic dosage of the drug should be given at least for 10 days.

Side effectsView

Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may appear either during or after antibiotic treatment. Skin rash, angio oedema, rise in serum aminotransferases, eosinophilia, neutropenia have been reported very rarely. Superinfection with resistant micro organisms, particularly candida may follow the treatment.

ContraindicationsView

Cephalen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

PrecautionsView

Cefalexin should be given with caution in patients with renal impairment. Under such condition, careful clinical observation should be made because safe dosage may be lower than the usually recommended. The urine of patients receiving Cefalexin may give a false positive reaction for glucose with copper reduction reagent. Positive results to Coombs’ test have been reported. Although there is no evidence of teratogenicity in animal tests, Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category B. Cefalexin may be used during pregnancy when it is considered essential. Cefalexin is found in the milk of nursing mothers, hence caution should be taken when it is administered to nursing mothers.

StorageView

Should be stored in cool and dry place.

Acelock

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acelon

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acemox

Acetazolamide

Tablet 250 mg Allopathic Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Indications

Tumor lysis syndrome

Indication detailsView

Acetazolamide is indicated in open angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma and as an adjuvant in the treatment of edema and epilepsy.

Therapeutic classView

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

PharmacologyView

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon-di-oxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In the eye, this inhibitory action of Acetazolamide decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a drop in intraocular pressure, a reaction considered desirable in case of glaucoma. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the central nervous system appears to retard abnormal paroxysmal and excessive discharge from central nervous system neurons. So, Acetazolamide is also used as an adjuvant in the treatment of epilepsy.

DosageView

Adults : Initially 250 mg (1 tablet) 4 times daily. Dose should be adjusted later with individual need.

Children : ½ to 2 tablets in divided doses.

In intraocular pressure: 1 tablet 6 hourly. In acute condition, dose should be started with 2 tablets followed by 1 tablet 6 hourly or as directed by the physician

Side effectsView

Common side effects are headache, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, anorexia, polyurea, insomnia, gastrointestinal upset.

ContraindicationsView

Acetazolamide is contraindicated in cases of marked kidney and liver diseases or dysfunction, in situations in which sodium and or potassium blood serum levels decreased. Acetazolamide is also contraindicated in patients with chronic noncongestive angle closure glaucoma

Pregnancy & lactationView

There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women and neonates. So, Acetazolamide should be used with care in those physiological conditions.

StorageView

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acenac

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acenopan

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acep

Paracetamol

Pediatric Drops 80 mg/ml Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

Indications

Toothache

Indication detailsView

Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.

Therapeutic classView

Non opioid analgesics

PharmacologyView

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.

DosageView

Tablet:

Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.

Extended Release Tablet:

Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.

Syrup/Suspension:

Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.

Suppository:

Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.

Paediatric Drop:

Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.

Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.

Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.

Side effectsView

Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.

PrecautionsView

Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

InteractionsView

Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acep

Paracetamol

Oral Suspension 120 mg/5 ml Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

Indications

Toothache

Indication detailsView

Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.

Therapeutic classView

Non opioid analgesics

PharmacologyView

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.

DosageView

Tablet:

Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.

Extended Release Tablet:

Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.

Syrup/Suspension:

Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.

Suppository:

Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.

Paediatric Drop:

Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.

Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.

Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.

Side effectsView

Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.

PrecautionsView

Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

InteractionsView

Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acep

Paracetamol

Tablet 500 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

Indications

Toothache

Indication detailsView

Paracetamol is indicated for fever, common cold and influenza, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, sprains, colic pain, back pain, post-operative pain, postpartum pain, inflammatory pain and post vaccination pain in children. It is also indicated for rheumatic & osteoarthritic pain and stiffness of joints.

Therapeutic classView

Non opioid analgesics

PharmacologyView

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Paracetamol is a para aminophenol derivative, has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used, safest and fast acting analgesic. It is well tolerated and free from various side effects of aspirin.

DosageView

Tablet:

Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.

Extended Release Tablet:

Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.

Syrup/Suspension:

Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.

Suppository:

Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.

Paediatric Drop:

Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.

Paracetamol tablet with actizorb technology: It dissolves up to five times faster than standard Paracetamol tablets. It is a fast acting and safe analgesic with marked antipyretic property. It is specially suitable for patients who, for any reason, can not tolerate aspirin or other analgesics.

Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.

Side effectsView

Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.

ContraindicationsView

It is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Paracetamol.

PrecautionsView

Paracetamol should be given with caution to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

InteractionsView

Patients who have taken barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol may show diminished ability to metabolise large doses of Paracetamol. Alcohol can increase the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol overdosage. Chronic ingestion of anticonvulsants or oral steroid contraceptives induce liver enzymes and may prevent attainment of therapeutic Paracetamol levels by increasing first-pass metabolism or clearance.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B according to USFDA. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12-48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.

StorageView

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Acep Plus

Paracetamol + Caffeine

Tablet 500 mg+65 mg Allopathic Non opioid analgesics

Indications

Toothache

Indication detailsView

The is indicated in the following condition-

Headache
Migraine
Toothache
Neuralgia
Feverishness
Period pain
Sore throat
Backache
Help to reduce the temperature
Aches and pain of colds and flu

Therapeutic classView

Non opioid analgesics

PharmacologyView

This is a combination of Paracetamol and Caffeine. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid which is a theophylline-like xanthine derivative. By intermolecular association with Paracetamol, Caffeine increases the solubility and transmembrane permeation of Paracetamol. In addition, Caffeine increases the pain threshold and tolerance of pain. Caffeine has also an intrinsic power to raise vessel tone in the brain, which provides another benefit to treat migraine and headache.

DosageView

Adult dose: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours. Maximum dose: 8 tablets daily.
Child dose: Not recommended for children below 12 years.

Side effectsView

Side effects of paracetamol are usually mild, though haematological reactions including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur occasionally.

ContraindicationsView

Paracetamol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal function impairment and hepatic disease (Viral Hepatitis). Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or caffeine.

PrecautionsView

Paracetamol & Caffeine should be given cautiously in the following cases: In patients with hepatic or renal failure, in patients taking other hepatotoxic medication. Prolonged use of the drug without consulting a physician should be avoided.

InteractionsView

May reduce serum levels with anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine). May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins with prolonged use. Accelerated absorption with metoclopramide and domperidone. May increase serum levels with probenecid. May increase serum levels of chloramphenicol. May reduce absorption with colestyramine within 1 hr of admin. May cause severe hypothermia with phenothiazine.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnant mothers should consult with doctors before taking Paracetamol & Caffeine. Paracetamol & Caffeine can be taken whilst breast feeding.

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 40 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light and moisture.Keep all medicines out of the reach of the children.

Acepril

Lisinopril

Tablet 10 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Myocardial infarction

Indication detailsView

Hypertension: Lisinopril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.

Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).

Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.

Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.

Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.

Lisinopril may be administered alone or with other antihypertensive agents.

Heart Failure: Lisinopril is indicated to reduce signs and symptoms of heart failure in patients who are not responding adequately to diuretics and digitalis.

Acute Myocardial Infarction: Lisinopril is indicated for the reduction of mortality in treatment of hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as thrombolytics, aspirin and beta-blockers

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Lisinopril competitively inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) resulting in increased plasma renin activity and reduced aldosterone (a hormone that causes water and Na retention) secretion. This promotes vasodilation and BP reduction.

DosageView

Oral (Adult)-

Hypertension: Initially, 10 mg/day, 1st dose given preferably at bedtime to avoid precipitous fall in BP. Patient with renovascular HTN, volume depletion, severe HTN: Initially, 2.5-5 mg once daily. Patient on diuretic: Initially, 5 mg once daily. Maintenance: 20 mg once daily, up to 80 mg/day may be given if needed.

Diabetic nephropathy: Hypertensive type 2 diabetics with microalbuminuria: 10 mg once daily, may increase to 20 mg once daily to achieve a sitting diastolic BP

Heart failure: As adjunct: Initially, 2.5 or 5 mg/day, increased by increments of ≤10 mg at intervals of at least 2 wk to max maintenance dose of 40 mg/day.

Post-myocardial infarction: Initially, 5 mg once daily for 2 days started within 24 hr of the onset of symptoms. Increase to 10 mg once daily. Patients with low systolic BP: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily.

Oral (Child)-

Hypertension: ≥6 yr Initially, 0.07 mg/kg, up to 5 mg once daily.

AdministrationView

May be taken with or without food.

Side effectsView

Headache, fatigue, persistent and non-productive cough, chest and abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, upper resp tract infection, asthenia, rash, orthostatic effects, hypotension, renal dysfunction, hyperkalaemia, intestinal angioedema; increased BUN and serum creatinine levels.

ContraindicationsView

History of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor treatment, hereditary or idiopathic angioedema. Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. Pregnancy. Children with GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m².

PrecautionsView

Bilateral renal artery stenosis or a single kidney with unilateral renal artery stenosis. Patients with collagen vascular disease, acute MI at risk of further haemodynamic deterioration, angioedema unrelated to ACE inhibitor therapy, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Increased risk of angioedema in black patients. Renal impairment. Lactation. Childn <6 yr.

InteractionsView

May enhance hypotensive effect with diuretics. May increase risk of renal function deterioration and decrease antihypertensive effect with NSAIDs. May increase serum levels and toxicity of lithium. Increased risk of hyperkalaemia with K-sparing diuretics and K supplements. May increase nitritoid reactions of gold Na thiomalate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).

Pediatric usageView

Adult:

CrCl 10-30 ml/min: Initially, 2.5-5 mg once daily.
CrCl 31-80 ml/min: Initially 5-10 mg once daily. Dose can be adjusted up to max 40 mg once daily based on patient's response.

Child: Do not give if GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m².

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, circulatory shock, palpitations, bradycardia, hyperventilation, renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, anxiety, dizziness and cough.

Management: Normal saline IV infusion may be used. Perform haemodialysis, emesis, gastric lavage, admin of absorbents and Na sulfate if recently taken. Consider admin of angiotensin II infusion and/or IV catecholamines if available.

StorageView

Store at below 25° C.

Acepril

Lisinopril

Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Myocardial infarction

Indication detailsView

Hypertension: Lisinopril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.

Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).

Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.

Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.

Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.

Lisinopril may be administered alone or with other antihypertensive agents.

Heart Failure: Lisinopril is indicated to reduce signs and symptoms of heart failure in patients who are not responding adequately to diuretics and digitalis.

Acute Myocardial Infarction: Lisinopril is indicated for the reduction of mortality in treatment of hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as thrombolytics, aspirin and beta-blockers

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Lisinopril competitively inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) resulting in increased plasma renin activity and reduced aldosterone (a hormone that causes water and Na retention) secretion. This promotes vasodilation and BP reduction.

DosageView

Oral (Adult)-

Hypertension: Initially, 10 mg/day, 1st dose given preferably at bedtime to avoid precipitous fall in BP. Patient with renovascular HTN, volume depletion, severe HTN: Initially, 2.5-5 mg once daily. Patient on diuretic: Initially, 5 mg once daily. Maintenance: 20 mg once daily, up to 80 mg/day may be given if needed.

Diabetic nephropathy: Hypertensive type 2 diabetics with microalbuminuria: 10 mg once daily, may increase to 20 mg once daily to achieve a sitting diastolic BP

Heart failure: As adjunct: Initially, 2.5 or 5 mg/day, increased by increments of ≤10 mg at intervals of at least 2 wk to max maintenance dose of 40 mg/day.

Post-myocardial infarction: Initially, 5 mg once daily for 2 days started within 24 hr of the onset of symptoms. Increase to 10 mg once daily. Patients with low systolic BP: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily.

Oral (Child)-

Hypertension: ≥6 yr Initially, 0.07 mg/kg, up to 5 mg once daily.

AdministrationView

May be taken with or without food.

Side effectsView

Headache, fatigue, persistent and non-productive cough, chest and abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, upper resp tract infection, asthenia, rash, orthostatic effects, hypotension, renal dysfunction, hyperkalaemia, intestinal angioedema; increased BUN and serum creatinine levels.

ContraindicationsView

History of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor treatment, hereditary or idiopathic angioedema. Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. Pregnancy. Children with GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m².

PrecautionsView

Bilateral renal artery stenosis or a single kidney with unilateral renal artery stenosis. Patients with collagen vascular disease, acute MI at risk of further haemodynamic deterioration, angioedema unrelated to ACE inhibitor therapy, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Increased risk of angioedema in black patients. Renal impairment. Lactation. Childn <6 yr.

InteractionsView

May enhance hypotensive effect with diuretics. May increase risk of renal function deterioration and decrease antihypertensive effect with NSAIDs. May increase serum levels and toxicity of lithium. Increased risk of hyperkalaemia with K-sparing diuretics and K supplements. May increase nitritoid reactions of gold Na thiomalate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).

Pediatric usageView

Adult:

CrCl 10-30 ml/min: Initially, 2.5-5 mg once daily.
CrCl 31-80 ml/min: Initially 5-10 mg once daily. Dose can be adjusted up to max 40 mg once daily based on patient's response.

Child: Do not give if GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m².

Overdose effectsView

Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, circulatory shock, palpitations, bradycardia, hyperventilation, renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, anxiety, dizziness and cough.

Management: Normal saline IV infusion may be used. Perform haemodialysis, emesis, gastric lavage, admin of absorbents and Na sulfate if recently taken. Consider admin of angiotensin II infusion and/or IV catecholamines if available.

StorageView

Store at below 25° C.

Acepro

Aceclofenac

Tablet 100 mg Allopathic Drugs for Osteoarthritis

Indications

Spondylitis

Indication detailsView

Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, toothache, trauma and lumbago.

Therapeutic classView

Drugs for Osteoarthritis, Drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

PharmacologyView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

DosageView

Extended release tablet: The recommended dose in adults is one 200 mg Aceclofenac tablet daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Film coated tablet: The recommended dose in adults is 100 mg, twice daily.

Side effectsView

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandin. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed an unchanged drug.

ContraindicationsView

Aceclofenac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in whom aspirin or NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthma.

PrecautionsView

Caution should be exercised to patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastro-intestinal bleeding moderate to severe hepatic impairment and cardiac or renal impairment. Caution should also be exercised in patients suffering from dizziness or urticaria.

InteractionsView

No significant drug interactions has not been observed but close monitoring of patients is required when it is used with:

Lithium and Digoxin: may increase plasma concentration of lithium and digoxin.
Diuretics: may interact the activity of diuretics.
Anticoagulants: may enhance the activity of anticoagulant.
Methotrexate: may increase the plasma level of methotrexate.

Pregnancy & lactationView

The use of Aceclofenac should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits to the other outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.

Pediatric usageView

There are no clinical data on the use of Aceclofenac in children.

StorageView

keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Aceptin-R

Ranitidine Hydrochloride

Tablet 150 mg Allopathic H2 receptor antagonist

Indications

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Indication detailsView

Ranitidine is indicated in:

Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
Benign gastric ulcer
Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
Post operative stress ulcer.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.

Therapeutic classView

H2 receptor antagonist

PharmacologyView

Ranitidine competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.

DosageView

Ranitidine Tablet & Syrup:

Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.

Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.

Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.

Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.

Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.

Child (peptic ulcer): 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.

Ranitidine IV injection & IV Infusion:

Ranitidine injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.

In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Ranitidine injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.

Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine injection have not been established in case of children.

Side effectsView

Ranitidine is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.

ContraindicationsView

Patients hypersensitive to Ranitidine

PrecautionsView

Ranitidine should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy: Ranitidine crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Ranitidine. Like other drugs, Ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.

Lactation: Ranitidine is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.

Pediatric usageView

Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.

Overdose effectsView

Ranitidine is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.

ReconstitutionView

Slow IV inj: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Intermittent slow IV infusion: Ranitidine 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Continuous IV infusion: Ranitidine 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Ranitidine should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.

Aceril

Ramipril

Tablet 5 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events

Indication detailsView

Ramipril indicated in the following cases:

Hypertension; to lower blood pressure, as single-drug therapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Congestive heart failure; also in combination with diuretics.
Treatment of patients who- within the first few days after an acute myocardial infarction- have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of non-diabetic or diabetic overt glomerular or incipient nephropathy.
Reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, such as manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history of myocardial infarction), a history of stroke, a history of peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (microalbuminuria, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking).

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Thus ramipril exerts its antihypertensive activity. It is also effective in the management of heart failure and reduction of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular events. It is long acting and well tolerated; so, can be used in long term therapy.

DosageView

Dosage of Ramipril must be adjusted according to the patient tolerance and response.

Hypertension: For the management of hypertension in adults not receiving a diuretic, the usual initial dose of Ramipril is 1.25-2.5 mg once daily. Dosage generally is adjusted no more rapidly than at 2 week intervals. The usual maintenance dosage in adults is 2.5-20 mg daily given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses daily. If BP is not controlled with Ramipril alone, a diuretic may be added.

Congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction: In this case, Ramipril therapy may be initiated as early as 2 days after myocardial infarction. An initial dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended, but if hypotension occurs, dose should be reduced to 1.25 mg twice daily. Therapy is then titrated to a target daily dose of 5 mg twice daily.

Prevention of major cardiovascular events: In this case, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily for the first week of therapy and 5 mg once daily for the following 3 weeks; dosage then may be increased, as tolerated, to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg once daily.

Dosage in renal impairment:

For patients with hypertension and renal impairment: The recommended initial dose is 1.25 mg Ramipril once daily. Subsequent dosage should be titrated according to individual tolerance and BP response, up to a maximum of 5 mg daily.
For patients with heart failure and renal impairment: The recommended dose is 1.25 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 1.25 mg twice daily and up to a maximum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily depending upon clinical response and tolerability.

AdministrationView

Ramipril tablets have to be swallowed with sufficient amounts of liquid. The tablets must not be chewed or crushed. Absorption of Ramipril is not significantly affected by food. Ramipril may, therefore, be taken before, during or after a meal.

Side effectsView

Ramipril is generally well tolerated. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and asthenia are commonly reported side effects. Other side effects occurring less frequently include symptomatic hypotension, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, urticaria, oliguria, anxiety, amnesia etc. Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylactic reactions and hyperkalaemia have also been reported rarely.

ContraindicationsView

Ramipril must not be used

in patients with hypersensitivity to ramipril, to any other ACE inhibitor, or any of the excipients of Ramipril.
in patients with a history of angioedema.
concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Do not initiate Ramipril until sacubitril/valsartan is eliminated from the body. In case of switch from Ramipril to sacubitril/valsartan, do not start sacubitril/valsartan until Ramipril is eliminated from the body.
in patients with haemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis, bilateral or unilateral in the single kidney.
in patients with hypotensive or haemodynamically unstable states.
with aliskiren-containing medicines in patients with diabetes or with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min).
with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
during pregnancy.

Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and extracorporeal treatments leading to contact of blood with negatively charged surfaces must be avoided, since such use may lead to severe anaphylactoid reactions. Such extracorporeal treatments include dialysis or haemofiltration with certain high-fux (e.g. polyacrylonitril) membranes and low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran sulfate.

PrecautionsView

Ramipril should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and impaired hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Concomitant administration with diuretics may lead to serious hypotension and in addition dangerous hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics. Concomitant therapy with lithium may increase the serum lithium concentration. Reduction in BP may affect the ability to drive and operate machinery and this may be exacerbated by alcohol. NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Ramipril and cause deterioration of renal function.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Ramipril must not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment. Pregnancy must be avoided in cases where treatment with ACE inhibitors is indispensable. If the patient intends to become pregnant, treatment with ACE inhibitors must be discontinued, i.e. replaced by another form of treatment. If the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, medication with Ramipril must be replaced as soon as possible by a treatment regimen without ACE inhibitors. Otherwise, there is a risk of harm to the fetus. Ramipril is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly: A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Hepatic impairment: Treatment in these patients must therefore be initiated only under close medical supervision. The maximum permitted daily dose in such cases is 2.5 mg Ramipril.

Renal impairment: With a creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, the initial daily dose is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril. The maximum permitted daily dose, in this case, is 5 mg Ramipril. Patients with incompletely corrected fuid or salt depletion, in patients with severe hypertension, as well as in patients in whom a hypotensive reaction would constitute a particular risk, (e.g., with relevant stenoses of the coronary vessels or those supplying the brain) A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Patients pretreated with a diuretic: Consideration must be given to discontinuing the diuretic for at least 2 to 3 days or- depending on the duration of action of the diuretic- longer before starting treatment with Ramipril, or at least to reducing the diuretic dose. The initial daily dose in patients previously treated with a diuretic is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril.

Overdose effectsView

Sign and symptom: Overdosage may cause excessive peripheral vasodilatation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal failure.

Management: Primary detoxifcation by, for example, gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, sodium sulfate; (if possible during the frst 30 minutes). In the event of hypotension administration of α1-adrenergic agonists (e.g. norepinephrine, dopamine) or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide), which is usually available only in scattered research laboratories, must be considered in addition to volume and salt substitution.

StorageView

Store at 30° or below, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Aceril

Ramipril

Tablet 2.5 mg Allopathic Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Indications

Thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events

Indication detailsView

Ramipril indicated in the following cases:

Hypertension; to lower blood pressure, as single-drug therapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Congestive heart failure; also in combination with diuretics.
Treatment of patients who- within the first few days after an acute myocardial infarction- have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of non-diabetic or diabetic overt glomerular or incipient nephropathy.
Reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, such as manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history of myocardial infarction), a history of stroke, a history of peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (microalbuminuria, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking).

Therapeutic classView

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

PharmacologyView

Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Thus ramipril exerts its antihypertensive activity. It is also effective in the management of heart failure and reduction of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular events. It is long acting and well tolerated; so, can be used in long term therapy.

DosageView

Dosage of Ramipril must be adjusted according to the patient tolerance and response.

Hypertension: For the management of hypertension in adults not receiving a diuretic, the usual initial dose of Ramipril is 1.25-2.5 mg once daily. Dosage generally is adjusted no more rapidly than at 2 week intervals. The usual maintenance dosage in adults is 2.5-20 mg daily given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses daily. If BP is not controlled with Ramipril alone, a diuretic may be added.

Congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction: In this case, Ramipril therapy may be initiated as early as 2 days after myocardial infarction. An initial dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended, but if hypotension occurs, dose should be reduced to 1.25 mg twice daily. Therapy is then titrated to a target daily dose of 5 mg twice daily.

Prevention of major cardiovascular events: In this case, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily for the first week of therapy and 5 mg once daily for the following 3 weeks; dosage then may be increased, as tolerated, to a maintenance dosage of 10 mg once daily.

Dosage in renal impairment:

For patients with hypertension and renal impairment: The recommended initial dose is 1.25 mg Ramipril once daily. Subsequent dosage should be titrated according to individual tolerance and BP response, up to a maximum of 5 mg daily.
For patients with heart failure and renal impairment: The recommended dose is 1.25 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 1.25 mg twice daily and up to a maximum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily depending upon clinical response and tolerability.

AdministrationView

Ramipril tablets have to be swallowed with sufficient amounts of liquid. The tablets must not be chewed or crushed. Absorption of Ramipril is not significantly affected by food. Ramipril may, therefore, be taken before, during or after a meal.

Side effectsView

Ramipril is generally well tolerated. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and asthenia are commonly reported side effects. Other side effects occurring less frequently include symptomatic hypotension, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, urticaria, oliguria, anxiety, amnesia etc. Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylactic reactions and hyperkalaemia have also been reported rarely.

ContraindicationsView

Ramipril must not be used

in patients with hypersensitivity to ramipril, to any other ACE inhibitor, or any of the excipients of Ramipril.
in patients with a history of angioedema.
concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Do not initiate Ramipril until sacubitril/valsartan is eliminated from the body. In case of switch from Ramipril to sacubitril/valsartan, do not start sacubitril/valsartan until Ramipril is eliminated from the body.
in patients with haemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis, bilateral or unilateral in the single kidney.
in patients with hypotensive or haemodynamically unstable states.
with aliskiren-containing medicines in patients with diabetes or with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min).
with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
during pregnancy.

Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and extracorporeal treatments leading to contact of blood with negatively charged surfaces must be avoided, since such use may lead to severe anaphylactoid reactions. Such extracorporeal treatments include dialysis or haemofiltration with certain high-fux (e.g. polyacrylonitril) membranes and low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran sulfate.

PrecautionsView

Ramipril should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and impaired hepatic function.

InteractionsView

Concomitant administration with diuretics may lead to serious hypotension and in addition dangerous hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics. Concomitant therapy with lithium may increase the serum lithium concentration. Reduction in BP may affect the ability to drive and operate machinery and this may be exacerbated by alcohol. NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Ramipril and cause deterioration of renal function.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Ramipril must not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment. Pregnancy must be avoided in cases where treatment with ACE inhibitors is indispensable. If the patient intends to become pregnant, treatment with ACE inhibitors must be discontinued, i.e. replaced by another form of treatment. If the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, medication with Ramipril must be replaced as soon as possible by a treatment regimen without ACE inhibitors. Otherwise, there is a risk of harm to the fetus. Ramipril is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Pediatric usageView

Elderly: A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Hepatic impairment: Treatment in these patients must therefore be initiated only under close medical supervision. The maximum permitted daily dose in such cases is 2.5 mg Ramipril.

Renal impairment: With a creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, the initial daily dose is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril. The maximum permitted daily dose, in this case, is 5 mg Ramipril. Patients with incompletely corrected fuid or salt depletion, in patients with severe hypertension, as well as in patients in whom a hypotensive reaction would constitute a particular risk, (e.g., with relevant stenoses of the coronary vessels or those supplying the brain) A reduced initial dose of 1.25 mg Ramipril daily must be considered.

Patients pretreated with a diuretic: Consideration must be given to discontinuing the diuretic for at least 2 to 3 days or- depending on the duration of action of the diuretic- longer before starting treatment with Ramipril, or at least to reducing the diuretic dose. The initial daily dose in patients previously treated with a diuretic is generally 1.25 mg Ramipril.

Overdose effectsView

Sign and symptom: Overdosage may cause excessive peripheral vasodilatation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal failure.

Management: Primary detoxifcation by, for example, gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents, sodium sulfate; (if possible during the frst 30 minutes). In the event of hypotension administration of α1-adrenergic agonists (e.g. norepinephrine, dopamine) or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide), which is usually available only in scattered research laboratories, must be considered in addition to volume and salt substitution.

StorageView

Store at 30° or below, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.

Acerux

Acyclovir (Oral)

Tablet 800 mg Allopathic Herpes simplex & Varicella-zoster virus infections

Indications

Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

Indication detailsView

Aciclovir is indicated for-

The treatment of viral infections due to Herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and Varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chicken pox).
The treatment of Herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes and herpes labialis.
The prophylaxis of Herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients

Therapeutic classView

Herpes simplex & Varicella-zoster virus infections

PharmacologyView

Aciclovir is a synthetic purine derivative. Aciclovir exerts its antiviral effect on Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella-zoster virus by interfering with DNA synthesis and inhibiting viral replication. In cells infected with herpes virus, the antiviral activity of Aciclovir appears to depend principally on the intracellular conversion of the drug to Aciclovir Triphosphate. Aciclovir is converted to Aciclovir Monophosphate principally via virus coded thymidine kinase; the monophosphate is phosphorylated to the diphosphate via cellular guanylate kinase and then via another cellular enzyme to the triphosphate, which is the pharmacologically active form of the drug. 15-30% of an oral dose of the drug is absorbed from Gl tract. Peak plasma concentrations usually occur within 1.5-2 hours after oral administration. It is widely distributed into body tissues and fluids including the brain, saliva, lungs, liver, muscle, spleen, uterus, vaginal mucosa and secretions, CSF, and herpetic vesicular fluid. Aciclovir is excreted through the kidney by the glomerular filtration & tubular secretion.

DosageView

Treatment of initial herpes simplex: 200 mg 5 times daily usually for 5 days.

For immunocompromised patients:

Adult: 400 mg 5 times daily for 5 days (longer if new lesions appear during treatment or if healing is incomplete; increase dose to 800 mg 5 times daily for genital herpes in immunocompromised) or as directed by the registered physician.
Children under 2 years: Half of the adult dose.
Children over 2 years: Adult dose.

Prevention of recurrence of herpes simplex:

Adult: 200 mg 4 times daily or 400 mg twice daily possibly reduced to 200 mg 2 or 3 times daily and interrupted every 6-12 months.
Children under 2 years: Half of the adult dose.
Children over 2 years: Adult dose.

Prophylactic treatment of herpes simplex in the immunocompromised patients:

Adult: 200 to 400 mg 4 times daily.
Children under 2 years: Half of the adult dose.
Children over 2 years: Adult dose.

Treatment of vericella (chicken pox):

Adult and children over 40 kg: 800 mg 4 times daily for 5 days.
Children below 40 kg: 20 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) per dose orally 4 times daily (80 mg/kg/day) for 5 days.
Children 1 month-2 years: 200 mg 4 times daily for 5 days.
Children 2-5 years:400 mg 4 times daily for 5 days.
Children 6-12 years:800 mg 4 times daily for 5 days.

Treatment of herpes zoster (Shingles): 800 mg 5 times daily for 7 days.

Treatment of initial rectal (Proctitis) herpes infections: An oral Aciclovir dosage of 400 mg 5 times daily for 10 days or until clinical resolution occurs has been recommended.

Renal Impairment: For patients with severe renal impairment, a reduction of the doses is recommended.

Side effectsView

Rash, gastrointestinal disturbance, rise in bilirubin and liver-related enzymes, increase in blood urea and creatinine, decrease in hematological indices, headache, neurological reaction, fatigue.

ContraindicationsView

Aciclovir is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to Aciclovir.

PrecautionsView

Aciclovir should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment and doses should be adjusted according to creatinine clearance. Monitor neutrophil count at least twice weekly in neonates.

InteractionsView

Probenecid reduces Aciclovir excretion and so increases plasma concentration and risk of toxicity.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B. Aciclovir should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing mother.

StorageView

Should be stored below 25°C. It should be protected from light and moisture.Keep out of the reach of children.

Acerux

Acyclovir (Topical)

Cream 5% w/w Allopathic Topical Antiviral preparations

Indications

Sore lips

Indication detailsView

Acyclovir cream is a herpes simplex virus (HSV) nucleoside analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in immunocompetent adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older.

Therapeutic classView

Topical Antiviral preparations

PharmacologyView

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug active against herpes simplex virus. Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with cell culture and in vivo inhibitory activity against HSV types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV. This viral enzyme converts acyclovir into acyclovir monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In cell culture, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. This inhibition is accomplished in 3 ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, 2) incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, and 3) inactivation of the viral DNA polymerase.

DosageView

Acyclovir cream should be applied five times per day for four days. Therapy should be initiated as early as possible following the onset of signs or symptoms of herpes labialis i.e., during the prodrome or when lesions appear. For adolescents 12 years of age and older, the dosage is the same as in adults.

Side effectsView

The most common adverse reactions at the site of topical application were dry lips, desquamation, dryness of skin, cracked lips, burning skin, pruritus, flakiness of skin, and stinging on skin; each adverse reaction occurred in less than 1% of patients receiving Acyclovir cream and placebo. Three patients on Acyclovir cream and one patient on placebo discontinued treatment due to an adverse event.

ContraindicationsView

Acyclovir cream is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or any component of the formulation.

PrecautionsView

Acyclovir cream should only be applied on the affected external aspects of the lips and face in patients with herpes labialis. Because no data are available, application to human mucous membranes is not recommended. Acyclovir cream is intended for cutaneous use only and should not be used in the eye or inside the mouth or nose. Cream has a potential for irritation and contact. The effect of Acyclovir cream has not been established in immunocompromised patients.

InteractionsView

Clinical experience has identified no interactions resulting from topical or systemic administration of other drugs concomitantly with Acyclovir cream. Due to minimal systemic absorption of Acyclovir cream, systemic drug interactions are unlikely.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of acyclovir cream in pregnant women. Acyclovir cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether topically applied acyclovir is excreted in breast milk. Systemic exposure following topical administration is minimal.

Pediatric usageView

Pediatric Use: An open-label, uncontrolled trial with Acyclovir cream 5% was conducted in 113 patients aged 12 to 17 years with recurrent herpes labialis. In this trial, therapy was applied using the same dosing regimen as in adults and subjects were followed for adverse events. The safety profile was similar to that observed in adults. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age have not been established.

Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of acyclovir cream did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. Systemic absorption of acyclovir after topical administration is minimal.

StorageView

Store Acyclovir cream at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C

Acerux

Acyclovir (Ophthalmic)

Ophthalmic Ointment 3% Allopathic Ophthalmic Anti-viral Products

Indications

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

Indication detailsView

Acyclovir is indicated for the treatment of Herpes simplex keratitis.

Therapeutic classView

Ophthalmic Anti-viral Products

PharmacologyView

Acyclovir is an antiviral agent which is highly active in vitro against Herpes simplex (HSV) types I and II and Varicella zoster viruses, but its toxicity to mammalian cells is low. Acyclovir is phosphorylated to the active compound Acyclovir triphosphate after entry into herpes infected cell. The first step in this process requires the presence of the viral-coded thymidine kinase. Acyclovir triphosphate acts as an inhibitor of and substrate for the herpes specified DNA polymerase preventing further viral DNA synthesis without affecting normal cellular processes.

DosageView

The dosage for all age groups is the same. A 10 mm ribbon of the ointment should be placed inside the lower conjunctival sac five times a day at approximately four hourly intervals. Treatment should continue for at least 3 days after healing

Side effectsView

Very common: Superficial punctate keratopathy. This did not necessitate an early termination of therapy and healed without apparent sequelae. Common: Transient mild stinging of the eye occurring immediately following application, conjunctivitis. Rare: Blepharitis.

ContraindicationsView

Acyclovir is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to Acyclovir or Valacyclovir

PrecautionsView

The recommended dosage, frequency of applications, and length of treatment should not be exceeded.

InteractionsView

No clinically significant interactions have been identified.

Pregnancy & lactationView

Pregnancy category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Acyclovir in pregnant women. It is not known whether topically applied Acyclovir is excreted in breast milk.

Overdose effectsView

No adverse effects would be expected if the entire contents of the tube containing 90 mg Acyclovir were ingested orally.

StorageView

Store in a cool and dry place. Keep away from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not touch the tip of the tube since this may contaminate the product. After one month of the opening do not use the medicine of tube.